scholarly journals Measurement of Permeability and Comparison of Pavements

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Ming Chen ◽  
Jui-Wen Chen ◽  
Ting-Hao Chen ◽  
Timothy Lecher ◽  
Paul Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Permeability Measurement ◽  
Pronounced Difference ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Improve Water Quality ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Underlying Soil ◽  
The U.S

Permeable pavements have the ability to reduce surface runoff by allowing water to infiltrate into the underlying soil. The potential of permeable pavements to assist in managing stormwater and improve water quality has gained attention as an option, other than conventional impermeable concrete for paving purposes. This study examined the permeability of three different pavement systems, including the JW Eco-technology pavement (JW), which has not previously been installed or studied in the U.S., standard impermeable concrete (IC), and pervious concrete (PC). Each pavement type was installed in triplicate. Devices based on the ASTM C1701/C1701M and ASTM C1781/C1781M constant-head methods, the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) falling-head permeameter, and two new square frames, SF-4 and SF-9, modified to fit the JW pavement, were utilized for permeability measurement on several locations of each pavement system. The results showed that the JW Eco-technology pavement had comparable permeability to the commonly used PC pavement in each method used. In addition, there was a strong correlation between the permeability measurements of NCAT method and SF-4, and between the ASTM standard and SF-9. The square frames used in this study showed their effectiveness and efficiency in performing permeability measurements. It was also found that the permeability obtained had a pronounced difference in values between the falling head and the constant head methods, with an average ratio ranging from 4.08–6.36.

Institutional Leadership

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry I. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
Institutional Leadership ◽  
Chief Of Staff ◽  
Sheer Size ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The U.S

George C. Marshall served as the U.S. Army’s chief of staff from 1939 through 1945. Marshall possessed the experience, commitment, assertiveness, and intelligence necessary to meet the challenges of reforming and reenergizing the U.S. military. By emphasizing simplicity, flexibility, and decentralization, Marshall’s institutional leadership delivered undeniable effectiveness and efficiency. Leaders of large institutions face daunting challenges. Even when their organizations are remarkably efficient, the sheer size gives rise to managerial complexities that can produce bureaucratic inertia, infighting, and a loss of vision and vitality. Marshall was more than up for the challenge.

Area Contingency Plan Scorecard: Determining A Plan's Ability To Achieve “Critical Success Factors”

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 623-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Haynes ◽  
Gary L. Ott
Keyword(s):  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Incident Command System ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Response Organization ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT Can an Area Contingency Plan (ACP) embody a response organization's potential for success? Can the response effectiveness and efficiency of an ACP be measured through expert evaluation? On a scale of low, medium, or high, how well does an ACP predict a response community's ability to achieve certain “Critical Success Factors”? Intuitively, Area Committees know that area contingency planning should better prepare a response community for effective and efficient spill response—accomplishing Critical Success Factors. Yet, at present, ACPs are generally evaluated on their conformance to a prescribed format rather than their ability to achieve Critical Success Factors. Likewise, the future holds that ACPs will be evaluated on their conformance to the U.S. Coast Guard's newly developed Incident Command System (ICS) format. However, a basic analytical method is needed to determine whether an ACP has the necessary planning elements that can be internalized and implemented to enhance and, if utilized appropriately, produce a truly successful response. This paper describes an analytical evaluation technique that uses a recently developed ACP scorecard process. Using the scorecard approach, the authors will score a number of ACPs from across the nation to determine each plan's potential (probability) for a response organization to achieve predefined Critical Success Factors.

scholarly journals Analysis of Infiltrating Water Characteristics of Permeable Pavements in a Parking Lot at Full Scale

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaerock Park ◽  
Jaehyun Park ◽  
Jonghyun Cheon ◽  
Jaehyuk Lee ◽  
Hyunsuk Shin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Apartment Complexes

Impermeable materials are used for parking lots at apartment complexes and large stores which are concentrated in urban areas. These materials increase the amount of surface runoff by blocking infiltration, resulting in flood damage, dry stream phenomena in rivers in urban watersheds, and the depletion of ground water. In this study, a parking lot plot was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of pavements using various materials (impermeable concrete, permeable concrete, and permeable block pavement). Four scenarios of rainfall intensity were simulated using a rainfall simulator within each plot (36 mm h−1, 48 mm h−1, 60 mm h−1, 72 mm h−1). The flow was observed by monitoring the system with a bucket flow meter. The efficiency and flow characteristics of the permeable concrete and block pavement were analyzed. The results were used to calculate the ratio of the surface flow to the infiltrating flow between impermeable and permeable pavements. The permeable concrete had a ratio of 1:0.9, and the permeable block pavement had a ratio of 1:0.58.

scholarly journals Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Pemungutan Serta Kontribusi Pajak Mineral Bukan Logam dan Batuan Terhadap Pajak Daerah Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Farida Aryani ◽  
Deswati Supra
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

This study discusses the analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of tax collection and the contribution of nonmetallic minerals and rocks to local taxes. Determination of local tax revenue targets does not match the actual potential and the achievement of nonmetallic mineral and rock tax revenue targets have not been effective so that it will have an impact on the contribution of tax revenues on nonmetallic minerals and rocks. The methods used in this research are quantitative and qualitative methods. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results of this study explain that the level of effectiveness of tax collection of nonmetallic minerals and rocks to the local tax of Musi Banyuasin Regency from 2015 to 2019 is in the category of very effective with an average ratio of 115.82%. The ratio of nonmetallic mineral and rock tax efficiency to the local tax of Musi Banyuasin Regency from 2015 to 2019 is in the criteria of very efficient with an average ratio of 18.17%. The contribution of nonmetallic mineral and rock taxes to regional tax revenue is still lacking, where in 2015 to 2019 the tax on nonmetallic minerals and rocks has an average value of 1.53%.

Urban evaporation rates for water-permeable pavements

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1161-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Starke ◽  
P. Göbel ◽  
W. G. Coldewey
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Rain Events

In urban areas the natural water balance is disturbed. Infiltration and evaporation are reduced, resulting in a high surface runoff and a typical city climate, which can lead to floods and damages. Water-permeable pavements have a high infiltration rate that reduces surface runoff by increasing the groundwater recharge. The high water retention capacity of the street body of up to 51 l/m2 and its connection via pores to the surface lead to higher evaporation rates than impermeable surfaces. A comparison of these two kinds of pavements shows a 16% increase in evaporation levels of water-permeable pavements. Furthermore, the evaporation from impermeable pavements is linked directly to rain events due to fast-drying surfaces. Water-permeable pavements show a more evenly distributed evaporation after a rain event. Cooling effects by evaporative heat loss can improve the city climate even several days after rain events. On a large scale use, uncomfortable weather like sultriness or dry heat can be prevented and the urban water balance can be attenuated towards the natural.

Laboratory analysis on the surface runoff pollution reduction performance of permeable pavements

2019 ◽  
Vol 691 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Hexiang Yan ◽  
Ziyuan Liao ◽  
Kui Zhang ◽  
Arthur R. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Runoff Pollution

Permeability Measurement of Base Materials Using Falling-Head Test Apparatus

1998 ◽  
Vol 1615 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Fwa ◽  
S. A. Tan ◽  
C. T. Chuai
Keyword(s):  
Test Material ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Permeability Measurement ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Specific Discharge ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
Pavement Base ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
The Relationship

The development of a new falling-head procedure for laboratory permeability measurement of pavement base materials is described. The main advantage of the falling-head test over the conventional constant-head test is its ability to determine permeability properties of the test material at different levels of hydraulic gradients in a single test. The test setup is simpler and the test duration is much shorter. Each test takes only a few minutes to complete. A large number of tests have been conducted with the proposed procedure on different materials, including compacted crushed stones, glass spheres, and cement stabilized base materials. The falling-head test results were verified by performing constant-head permeability tests on the same specimens at different hydraulic gradients. Analysis on the falling-head test data revealed that the relationship between specific discharge and hydraulic gradient over the range studied could not be represented by a single linear relationship as stated by Darcy’s law. The proposed approach can be a useful tool for determining the drainage properties of base materials within the range of hydraulic gradients encountered in actual pavements.

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