Air warming and CO2 enrichment increase N use efficiency and decrease N surplus in a Chinese double rice cropping system

Climate warming significantly affects nitrogen (N) cycling, while its effects on the use efficiency of fertilizer N are still unclear in agroecosystems. In the present study, we examined for the first time the response of fertilizer N use efficiency to experimental warming using <sup>15</sup>N labeling with a free-air temperature increase facility (infrared heaters) in a double rice cropping system. <sup>15</sup>N-urea was applied in micro-plots to trace the uptake and loss of fertilizer N. Results showed that moderate warming (i.e. an increase of 1.4°C and 2.1°C in canopy temperature for early and late rice, respectively) did not significantly affect grain yield and biomass. Warming significantly reduced N uptake from fertilizer for both early and late rice, while increased N uptake from soil. The N recovery rate of fertilizer was reduced from 35.5% in the control and to 32.3% in the warming treatments for early rice and from 47.2% to 43.1% for late rice, respectively. Warming did not affect fertilizer N loss rate in the early rice season, whereas significantly increased it from 38.9% in the control and to 42.7% in the warming treatments in the late rice season, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that climate warming may reduce fertilizer N use efficiency and increase N losses to the environment in the rice paddy.

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Yield, nitrogen use efficiency and balance response to thirty-five years of fertilization in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/576/2018-pse ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hu Cheng ◽

Xia Xiange ◽

Chen Yunfeng ◽

Qiao Yan ◽

Liu Donghai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

N Uptake ◽

Cropping System ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Paddy Rice ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Soil N ◽

N Input ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use

Optimal soil nitrogen management is vital to crop production and environment protection. Little knowledge is available on crop yield, nitrogen uptake, use efficiency and balance in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system of China. A thirty-five-year long-term field experiment was designed with nine treatments, including an unfertilized treatment (control), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizer, manure (M), and manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments. Crop yield, N uptake, use efficiency, and N surplus or deficit amount were determined. The results indicated that rice, wheat yield and N uptake amount in the manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments were higher than that in the manure alone or mineral fertilizer alone treatments. N use efficiency was the highest in the treatment with manure alone. Soil N input indicated a surplus in the mineral fertilizer in combination with manure treatment, but soil N input indicated a deficit in the control, NPK and M treatments. Considering crop yields, N use efficiency and N balance, recommended N application amount is almost 220 kg N/ha/year in the paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system. Taking into account labour and fertilizer sources, half mineral N and half organic N applications were recommended.

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Optimization of Topdressing for Winter Wheat by Accurate Growth Monitoring and Improved Production Estimation

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13122349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2349

Author(s):

Jingchun Ji ◽

Jianli Liu ◽

Jingjing Chen ◽

Yujie Niu ◽

Kefan Xuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Production ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Growth Potential ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Growth Monitoring ◽

Aerial Vehicle ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Improved Model ◽

N Use

Topdressing accounts for approximately 40% of the total nitrogen (N) application of winter wheat on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China. However, N use efficiency of topdressing is low due to the inadaptable topdressing method used by local farmers. To improve the N use efficiency of winter wheat, an optimization method for topdressing (THP) is proposed that uses unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing to accurately acquire the growth status and an improved model for growth potential estimation and optimization of N fertilizer amount for topdressing (NFT). The method was validated and compared with three other methods by a field experiment: the conventional local farmer’s method (TLF), a nitrogen fertilization optimization algorithm (NFOA) proposed by Raun and Lukina (TRL) and a simplification introduced by Li and Zhang (TLZ). It shows that when insufficient basal fertilizer was provided, the proposed method provided as much NFT as the TLF method, i.e., 25.05% or 11.88% more than the TRL and TLZ methods and increased the yields by 4.62% or 2.27%, respectively; and when sufficient basal fertilizer was provided, the THP method followed the TRL and TLZ methods to reduce NFT but maintained as much yield as the TLF method with a decrease of NFT by 4.20%. The results prove that THP could enhance crop production under insufficient N preceding conditions by prescribing more fertilizer and increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by lowering the fertilizer amount when enough basal fertilizer is provided.

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Effects of soil nitrogen (N) deficiency on photosynthetic N-use efficiency in N-fixing and non-N-fixing tree seedlings in subtropical China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-41035-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jingchao Tang ◽

Baodi Sun ◽

Ruimei Cheng ◽

Zuomin Shi ◽

Da Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Nitrogen ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Subtropical China ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Deficiency ◽

N Use

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INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479709007583 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 275-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

LIMEI ZHAO ◽

LIANGHUAN WU ◽

YONGSHAN LI ◽

XINGHUA LU ◽

DEFENG ZHU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

N Application ◽

Application Rates ◽

Rice Intensification ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Rates ◽

N Use

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha−1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha−1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha−1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha−1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.

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A Difference in N Use Efficiency in C 3 and C 4 Plants and its Implications in Adaptation and Evolution 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1978.0011183x001800010025x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 233

Author(s):

R. H. Brown

Keyword(s):

N Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use

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Single and split nitrogen dose in wheat yield indicators

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n1p16-21 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 16-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juliane S. P. Costa ◽

Rubia D. Mantai ◽

José A. G. da Silva ◽

Osmar B. Scremin ◽

Emilio G. Arenhardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Split Dose ◽

N Supply ◽

N Release ◽

Residual N ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use

ABSTRACT Single or split nitrogen (N) supply can maximize the expression of wheat yield indicators. The objective of the study was to evaluate the greater N use efficiency on wheat yield indicators by the single and split N supply under favorable and unfavorable year conditions to the crop in succession system of high and reduced residual N release. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a 4 x 3 factorial, for N-fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60, 120 kg ha-1) and supply forms [full dose (100%) in the phenological stage V3 (third expanded leaf); split dose (70 and 30%) in the phenological stages V3/V6 (third and sixth expanded leaves, respectively) and; split dose (70 and 30%) in the phenological stages V3/R1 (third expanded leaf and early grain filling)], respectively, in soybean/wheat and maize/wheat cultivation systems. The highest N use efficiency for wheat yield was obtained with the single dose supply in favorable year of temperature and rainfall and with the split dose in the V3/V6 stages in unfavorable year, regardless of the succession system of high and reduced residual N release.

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