Using econometric analysis of willingness-to-pay to investigate economic efficiency and equity of domestic water services in the West Bank

In highly water-poor areas, rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) can be used for a self-sustaining and self-reliant domestic water supply. The designing of an optimal RRWH storage tank is a key parameter to implement a reliable RRWH system. In this study, the optimal size of RRWH storage tanks in the different West Bank governorates was estimated based on monthly (all governorates) and daily (i.e., Nablus) inflow (RRWH) and outflow (domestic water demand, DWD) data. In the estimation of RRWH, five rooftop areas varying between 100 m2 and 300 m2 were selected. Moreover, the reliability of the adopting RRWH system in the different West Bank governorates was tested. Two-time series scenarios were assumed: Scenario 1, S1 (12 months, annual) and scenario 2, S2 (8 months, rainy). As a result, reliable curves for preliminary estimation of optimal RRWH storage tanks for the different West Bank governorates were obtained. Results show that the required storage tank for S1 (annual) is more than that of the S2 (rainy) one. The required storage tank to fulfill DWD is based on the average rooftop area of 150 m2, the average family members of 4.8, and the average DWD of 90 L per capita per day (L/c/d) varies between (75 m3 to 136 m3) and (24 m3 to 84 m3) for S2 for the different West Bank governorates. Further, it is found that the optimal RRWH tank size for the 150 m2 rooftop ranges between 20 m3 (in Jericho) to 75 m3 (in Salfit and Nablus) and between 20 m3 (in Jericho) to 51 m3 (in Jerusalem) for S1 and S2 scenarios, respectively. Finally, results show that the implementation of an RRWH system for a rooftop area of 150 m2 and family members of 4.8 is reliable for all of the West Bank governorates except Jericho. Whereas, the reliability doesn’t exceed 19% for the two scenarios. However, the reduction of DWDv is highly affecting the reliability of adopting RRWH systems in Jericho (the least rainfall governorate). For instance, a family DWDv of 3.2 m3/month (25% of the average family DWDv in the West Bank) will increase the reliability at a rooftop area of 150 m2 to 51% and 76% for S1 and S2, respectively.

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Security of water services in the West Bank

10.5040/9780755637973.0012 ◽

2022 ◽

Keyword(s):

West Bank ◽

Water Services ◽

The West

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Improved Water Services and Malaysian Household’s Willingness to Pay: A Descriptive Analysis

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.649 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 802 ◽

pp. 649-654

Author(s):

Abdul Wahid Nabsiah ◽

Kah Hooi Chew ◽

Ismail Abustan

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Economic Factor ◽

Education Level ◽

Water Services ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Reform Agenda ◽

Suburban Areas ◽

Water Users

Water tariff increase has been suggested as part of the water services industry reform agenda in Malaysia. This study explores the issue on Malaysian households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for a promised improved domestic water quality and services. Descriptive analysis on data from 262 household’s paid water users, the study found that majority of Malaysian household’s WTP to be at the less than RM5; these consist of those who live in rural and suburban areas (not urban), those within all income categories (except for those earning between RM6001-RM9000), and those with education level less than Master and above degree. The findings indicate the importance of socio-economic factor to be considered by SPAN and water services providers in any plans to increase water tariff.

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Developing a GIS-based water poverty and rainwater harvesting suitability maps for domestic use in the Dead Sea region (West Bank, Palestine)

10.5194/hess-2018-344 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sameer M. Shadeed ◽

Tariq G. Judeh ◽

Mohammad N. Almasri

Keyword(s):

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

West Bank ◽

High Water ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Dead Sea ◽

Domestic Water ◽

The West ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

The Dead ◽

Very High

Abstract. In Dead Sea region as arid to semi-arid regions, water shortage and the inability to satisfy the increasing domestic water demand have been threatening the sustainable development. In such situations, domestic rainwater harvesting is considered an efficient management option to combat water poverty. This paper aims to develop a domestic water poverty (DWP) and domestic rainwater harvesting suitability (DRWHS) maps for the West Bank, Palestine (5860 km2). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) together with the GIS-based weighted overly summation process (WOSP) was utilized in the development of these maps. A total of 12 and four different assessing criteria were used in the development of DWP and DRWHS maps, respectively. Results of DWP map indicate that about 57 % of the West Bank is under high to very high domestic water poverty. On the other hand, the DRWHS map indicates that about 60 % of the West Bank can be classified as high to very high suitable areas for domestic rainwater harvesting. Furthermore, DWP and DRWHS maps intersection indicates that around 31 % of the West Bank areas could be classified as high potential locations for adopting rainwater harvesting techniques for domestic purposes. Finally, the developed maps are of high value for different stakeholders to realize the importance of promoting rainwater harvesting for a self-sustaining and self-reliant domestic water supply in high water poverty areas in the Dead Sea region generally and in the West Bank particularly.

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Developing GIS-based water poverty and rainwater harvesting suitability maps for domestic use in the Dead Sea region (West Bank, Palestine)

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-23-1581-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 1581-1592 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sameer M. Shadeed ◽

Tariq G. Judeh ◽

Mohammad N. Almasri

Keyword(s):

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Sea Water ◽

West Bank ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Dead Sea ◽

Domestic Water ◽

The West ◽

Suitability Maps ◽

Domestic Use ◽

The Dead

Abstract. In the arid region of the Dead Sea, water shortage and the inability to satisfy the increasing domestic water demand threatens sustainable development. In such situations, domestic rainwater harvesting is considered an efficient way to combat water poverty. This paper aims to develop domestic water poverty (DWP) and domestic rainwater harvesting suitability (DRWHS) maps for the West Bank, Palestine. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the GIS-based weighted overlay summation process (WOSP) were utilized in the development of these maps. Results of the DWP map indicate that 57 % of the West Bank is under high to very high poverty of domestic water. The DRWHS map shows that 60 % of the West Bank is highly suitable for domestic rainwater harvesting. Spatial intersection (combined mapping) between DWP and DRWHS maps indicates that around 31 % of the total West Bank areas could be classified as high potential locations (hotspot areas) for adopting rainwater harvesting techniques for domestic purposes. The developed maps are valuable to the stakeholders to better identify the best areas of rainwater harvesting in the West Bank.

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Statistical Domestic Water Demand Model for the West Bank

Water International ◽

10.1080/02508060008686854 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 464-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ziad Mimi ◽

Mike Smith

Keyword(s):

Water Demand ◽

West Bank ◽

Demand Model ◽

Domestic Water ◽

The West ◽

Domestic Water Demand

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Rainwater Harvesting to Address Current and Forecasted Domestic Water Scarcity: Application to Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

Water ◽

10.3390/w13243583 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 3583

Author(s):

Tariq Judeh ◽

Isam Shahrour

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Water Demand ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

West Bank ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Total Water ◽

Domestic Water ◽

The West ◽

Semi Arid

This paper discusses the effectiveness of rooftops rainwater harvesting (RRWH) in addressing domestic water scarcity, emphasizing the West Bank (Palestine) as an example of arid to semi-arid areas with limited water resources. The paper deals with the actual and future water demand by considering climate-change impact and urban growth. The analysis is based on the evaluation of (i) the supply–demand balance index (SDBI), which designates the ratio between the total water supply (TWS) and total water demand (TWD), and (ii) the potential of RRWH. Applying this methodology to the West Bank shows that the potential RRWH can contribute by about 40 million cubic meters/year in 2020, which is approximately the same amount of water as the municipal water supply (42 million cubic meters/year). This contribution can effectively reduce the suffering governorates from 64% to 27% in 2020. Furthermore, it can support water-related decision-makers in the arid to semi-arid areas in formulating efficient and sustainable water resources strategies. The analysis also shows that the domestic water scarcity in 2050 will be worse than in 2020 for all governorates. For example, 73% of the West Bank governorates are expected to suffer from extreme to acute water scarcity in 2050 compared to 64% in 2020. Thus, RRWH appears to be highly efficient in mitigating the current and future domestic water scarcity in the West Bank.

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