Neighborhood racial/ethnic segregation and cognitive decline in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 114226
Author(s):  
Oanh L. Meyer ◽  
Lilah Besser ◽  
Diana Mitsova ◽  
Michaela Booker ◽  
Elaine Luu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Neighbourhood racial/ethnic composition and segregation and trajectories of cognitive decline among US older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 978-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A Kovalchik ◽  
Mary E Slaughter ◽  
Jeremy Miles ◽  
Esther M Friedman ◽  
Regina A Shih
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Neighborhood racial/ethnic segregation and cognition in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oanh L Meyer ◽  
Lilah M Besser ◽  
Michaela Booker ◽  
Elaine Luu ◽  
Diana Mitsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Oral Health, Cognitive Function, and Mortality: Findings From National Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 206-206
Author(s):  
Bei Wu ◽  
Susie Keepper ◽  
Michèle Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Poor oral health, diabetes mellitus (DM), and cognitive impairment are common problems in older adults. Using national surveys, this symposium aims to present new findings regarding the impact of the co-occurrence of DM and poor oral health on cognitive function, cognitive decline, and mortality. This symposium will also cover the topic of dental care use among adult populations in the U.S. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (2006- 2018), the first study shows that adults with both DM and edentulism had the worst cognitive function, followed by those with edentulism alone, and those with DM alone. Using the same HRS data, the second study found that co-occurrence of DM and edentulism had a higher risk of more rapid cognitive decline with advancing age than the presence of each condition alone. The third study used data from the 2006-2016 HRS linked with mortality files, and revealed that the risk of diabetes and edentulism on mortality may vary across racial/ethnic groups. Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (2002-2018), the fourth study examined disparities of dental service utilization among racial/ethnic groups (Whites, Hispanics, Blacks, Asians, American Indians or Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders). Age differences in dental services were also compared between older adults and other younger and middle-aged populations. This symposium highlights the role of oral health in improving cognitive health. Policies and programs are needed to increase dental care access, a critical way to help maintain good oral health.

scholarly journals RACIAL-ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT, AND DEPRESSION ON COGNITIVE TRAJECTORIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S652-S652
Author(s):  
Soohyun Park ◽  
Su Hyun Shin ◽  
Rebecca S Allen ◽  
Giyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Purpose of study: This study investigated (1) whether positive affect(PA), negative affect(NA), and depression are related to trajectories of cognitive functioning among older adults, (2) whether PA or NA could moderate the relationship between depression and cognitive trajectories, and (3) whether there are racial/ethnic differences in the relationships among PA, NA, depression and cognitive trajectories. Design and Methods: Growth-curve modeling was conducted using the sample of 10,289 individuals in the U.S. aged 50 or older from the 2006-2014 Health and Retirement Study. Racial/ethnic groups in this study were non-Hispanic Whites (NHW, n=8.009), African Americans (AA, n=1,428), Hispanics (n=611), and others (n=241). Results: After adjusting for covariates, PA showed positive effect, and depression had negative effect on cognitive functioning trajectories (p < .05, z = 8.76, 95% CI= 0.27, 0.43; p < .05, z = -6.38, 95% CI= -0.19, -0.10). Racial/ethnic minorities (i.e., AA, Hispanics, others) exhibited lower cognitive functioning over time compared to NHW. PA significantly moderated the effect of depression on cognitive trajectories (p < .05, z = - 8.04, 95% CI = -0.19, -0.11), and the protective effect of PA against cognitive decline was pronounced for AA (p < .05, z = 2.75, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.63). Conclusion: Findings suggest that PA may protect against cognitive decline in older adults, providing a buffer against the negative effect of depression or racial/ethnic minority status on cognitive trajectories. Potential intervention strategies are discussed to assist older adults in maintaining and improving PA to promote cognitive health.

Activity Engagement in Cognitive Aging: A Review of the Evidence

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Rogalski ◽  
Muriel Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

The population of older adults is rapidly increasing, as is the number and type of products and interventions proposed to prevent or reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline. Advocacy and prevention are part of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s (ASHA’s) scope of practice documents, and speech-language pathologists must have basic awareness of the evidence contributing to healthy cognitive aging. In this article, we provide a brief overview outlining the evidence on activity engagement and its effects on cognition in older adults. We explore the current evidence around the activities of eating and drinking with a discussion on the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, alcohol, and coffee. We investigate the evidence on the hypothesized neuroprotective effects of social activity, the evidence on computerized cognitive training, and the emerging behavioral and neuroimaging evidence on physical activity. We conclude that actively aging using a combination of several strategies may be our best line of defense against cognitive decline.

Study finds racial/ethnic disparities in depressive trajectories among middle-aged or older adults

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liang ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
A. R. Quinones ◽  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
W. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Cognitive Flexibility Difficulties Predict Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay R. Clark ◽  
Eric M. Fine ◽  
Gali H. Weissberger ◽  
David P. Salmon ◽  
Dean C. Delis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility

scholarly journals Social isolation, rather than loneliness, is associated with cognitive decline in older adults: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bin Yu ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Yongjie Chen ◽  
Xiaohua Jia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Confounding Variables

Abstract Background Social isolation and loneliness have each been associated with cognitive decline, but most previous research is limited to Western populations. This study examined the relationships of social isolation and loneliness on cognitive function among Chinese older adults. Methods This study used two waves of data (2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and analyses were restricted to those respondents aged 50 and older. Social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function were measured at baseline. Follow-up measures on cognitive function were obtained for 7761 participants (mean age = 60.97, s.d. = 7.31; male, 50.8%). Lagged dependent variable models adjusted for confounding factors were used to evaluate the association between baseline isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function at follow-up. Results Loneliness was significantly associated with the cognitive decline at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.03, p < 0.01; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) in the partially adjusted models. These associations became insignificant after additional confounding variables (chronic diseases, health behaviors, disabilities, and depressive symptoms) were taken into account (all p > 0.05). By contrast, social isolation was significantly associated with decreases in all cognitive function measures at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.05, p < 0.001; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) even after controlling for loneliness and all confounding variables. Conclusions Social isolation is associated with cognitive decline in Chinese older adults, and the relationships are independent of loneliness. These findings expand our knowledge about the links between social relationships and the cognitive function in non-Western populations.

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