Estimating the United States Space Economy Using Input-Output Frameworks

Space Policy ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 101474
Author(s):  
Tina C. Highfill ◽  
Alexander C. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Space Economy

scholarly journals Keterkaitan Spasial di Enam Negara Asia: Analisis Input-Output Dunia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
M. Muchdie ◽  
M. Handry Imansyah ◽  
Socia Prihawantoro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Linkages ◽  
China And Japan

This paper presents spatial linkages on calculations of spill-over and feed-back effects of World input-output tables, which is aggregated specifically into six-Asian countries includes China, Indonesia, India, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, plus Australia, United States, and the Rest of the World. The results showed that, firstly output multipliers in six Asian countries tend to increase during 2000–2014, indicating a consistent economic growth. Secondly, except China, output multipliers occurred in other countries tend to increase. Thirdly, in 2000, the United States and Japan were two countries receiving highest output spill-over. However, in year 2014, most of output spill-over moved to China. India and Indonesia received only small part of spill-over from other countries. Fourthly, the highest feed-back effect occurred in China and Japan. The smallest feed-back effect occurred in India and Indonesia. China had smallest spill-over effect but received the highest feed-back effect. ------------------------------------------- Artikel ini menyajikan hasil analisis keterkaitan spasial di enam negara Asia, berdasarkan perhitungan efek limpahan dan efek balik pada tabel input-output dunia, yang diagregasikan untuk enam negara Asia, yang meliputi Cina, Indonesia, India, Jepang, Korea, dan Taiwan ditambah Australia, Amerika Serikat, dan the Rest of the World. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa, pertama, pengganda output di enam negara Asia cenderung meningkat dalam waktu 2000–2014. Ini merupakan indikasi pertumbuhan ekonomi yang konsisten. Kedua, kecuali di Cina, efek limpahan juga cenderung meningkat. Ketiga, tahun 2000, negara yang paling besar menikmati limpahan adalah Amerika Serikat dan Jepang, tetapi tahun 2014, limpahan terbesar beralih ke Cina. Keempat, efek balik yang terbesar terjadi di Cina dan Jepang. Efek balik terkecil terjadi di India dan Indonesia. Cina mempunyai efek limpahan terkecil tetapi menerima efek balik terbesar. 

scholarly journals Economic Input−Output Life-Cycle Assessment of Trade Between Canada and the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1523-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Norman ◽  
Alex D. Charpentier ◽  
Heather L. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Input Output

scholarly journals Compilation and analysis of international from-whom-to-whom financial stock table for Japan, Korea, the United States, and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Hagino ◽  
Jiyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Flow Of Funds ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

AbstractThis paper discusses the development of international flow of funds accounts; it compiles and analyzes such accounts with a focus on the global financial crisis. For this purpose, we compile from-whom-to-whom financial stock tables for Japan, Korea, the United States, and China and combine these tables to generate a four-country international from-whom-to-whom financial stock table. Input–output analyses reveal that nonfinancial corporations in the four countries have the largest liability power-of-dispersion and that the Japanese government’s liability power-of-dispersion is large. In contrast, the financial institution sector in Japan has the largest asset power-of-dispersion. In the future, the table could be expanded to include other major Asia–Pacific countries and linked to Euro-area from-whom-to-whom financial stock tables to provide a global from-whom-to-whom financial stock table.

scholarly journals Fragility of a multilayer network of intranational supply chains

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gomez ◽  
Susana Garcia ◽  
Sarah Rajtmajer ◽  
Caitlin Grady ◽  
Alfonso Mejia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Avalanche Size ◽  
Goods And Services

Abstract Supply chains enable the flow of goods and services within economic systems. When mapped for the entire economy and geographic locations of a country, supply chains form a spatial web of interactions among suppliers and buyers. One way to characterize supply chains is through multiregional input-output linkages. Using a multiregional input-output dataset, we build the multilayer network of supply chains in the United States. Together with a network cascade model, the multilayer network is used to explore the propagation of economic shocks along intranational supply chains. We find that the effect of economic shocks, measured using the avalanche size or total number of collapsed nodes, varies widely depending on the geographic location and economic sector of origin of a shock. The response of the supply chains to shocks reveals a threshold-like behavior. Below a certain failure or fragility level, the avalanche size increases relatively quickly for any node in the network. Based on this result, we find that the most fragile regions tend to be located in the central United States, which are regions that tend to specialize in food production and manufacturing. The most fragile layers are chemical and pharmaceutical products, services and food-related products, which are all sectors that have been disrupted by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. The fragility risk, measured by the intersection of the fragility level of a node and its exposure to shocks, varies across regions and sectors. This suggests that interventions aiming to make the supply-chain network more robust to shocks are likely needed at multiple levels of network aggregation.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Higher Education Sustainability in China Based on the Comparison between Universities in China and America

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Ming He ◽  
Yu-Long Pei ◽  
Bin Ran ◽  
Jia Kang ◽  
Yu-Ting Song
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Education Students ◽  
American Universities ◽  
College Tuition ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Higher Education In China ◽  
Education In China

To find and solve the problems existing in the development of higher education in China, the input–output, scale of higher education, students’ tuition and teachers’ income of Chinese and American universities are compared. The results show that the investment in top universities in China is similar to that in the United States, but the average student budget is much less, and the output is not comparable to that of American universities. The scale of higher education is much larger than that of the United States, and the growth rate is far more than demand. College tuition should be increased, with the absolute tuition only 5.93% of income, and relative tuition is 20.21% of that in the United States. College teachers are underpaid, earning only approximately 20% of what their peers earn in the United States. Therefore, for higher education sustainability, the paper puts forward the development direction of higher education in China, which is to control the expansion scale of colleges and universities, and to increase students’ tuition and teachers’ salary.

Estimates of Fixed Costs and the Sizes of Market Areas in the United States

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 993-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Greenhut ◽  
M-J Hwang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Homogeneous Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Small Market ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Space Economy ◽  
Empirical Demonstration

This paper extends Löschian theory towards the end of claiming its applicability to heterogeneous space economies as well as to the homogeneous space economy. It then tests the theory by examining the relationships between fixed costs and market-area sizes. The result is an empirical demonstration that the level of fixed costs in the United States is so low that market areas too large to be approximated by the optimal hexagonal market-area shape are not likely to be associated with competition in free-enterprise countries. It is in fact indicated that competitive firms sell over comparatively small market areas. The related conclusion follows that there is nothing in market-area studies (empirical or theoretical) that would imply inefficiency or failure to maximize consumer wants.

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