THE EFFECT OF FOSSIL FUEL AND HYDROPOWER ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: EKC VALIDATION WITH STRUCTURAL BREAKS

This research is carried out to explore the relationship between economic growth, fossil energy, carbon emissions, hydropower, industrial development and energy endowment, and the effectiveness of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in China from 1965 to 2016 is tested. To this end, some econometric methods with structural breaks are employed. The results illustrate that the EKC considering structural breaks is existed in China. Furthermore, hydropower consumption can significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, however, the reduction an be masked by the increase of fossil energy consumption. In addition, industrialization level and economic growth positively and significantly affect CO2 emissions. Finally, some policies for reducing CO2 emissions are put forward.

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Causal Link in Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Selected Southeast Asia Countries

Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research ◽

10.24191/jeeir.v8i2.8937 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nur Hafizah Mohammad Ismail

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Causal Link ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Growth Energy ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Southeast Asia countries have experienced rapid economic growth within past decades with significant increase in energy dependency and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Continuous development in urban area has stimulated rise in energy consumption in many Southeast Asia countries which resulted in an improvement of citizen’s lifestyles and living standards due to increasing income and population. Understanding the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions helps economies in formulating energy policies, enhancing energy security and developing a sustainability of energy resources. Therefore, this study focuses on the economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions evolved in Southeast Asia by using Environment Kuznets Curve theory. This paper could be useful and beneficial for the Southeast Asia countries to form appropriate environment policies in order to maintain the balance of energy demand and supply and dealing with environmental quality issues.

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The Underground Economy and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11102802 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2802 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhimin Zhou

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Underground Economy ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Co2 Intensity ◽

Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Relationship ◽

China’S Economy

China aims to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity by 40–45% compared to its level in 2005 by 2020. The underground economy accounts for a significant proportion of China’s economy, but is not included in official statistics. Therefore, the nexus of CO2 and the underground economy in China is worthy of exploration. To this end, this paper identifies the extent to which the underground economy affects CO2 emissions through the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2016. Many studies have focused on the quantification of the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic development. However, the insights provided by those studies have generally ignored the underground economy. With full consideration of the scale of the underground economy, this research concludes that similar to previous studies, the inversely N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) still holds for the income-CO2 nexus in China. Furthermore, a threshold regression analysis shows that the structural and technological effects are environment-beneficial and drive the EKC downward by their threshold effects. The empirical techniques in this paper can also be applied for similar research on other emerging economies that are confronted with the difficulties of achieving sustainable development.

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Management of Environmental Performance and Impact of the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) on the Economic Growth in the GCC Countries

Marketing and Management of Innovations ◽

10.21272/mmi.2019.4-20 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 252-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Dkhili ◽

L. B. Dhiab

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Environmental Performance ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Gcc Countries ◽

Integration Test

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue the Management of Environmental Performance and the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) on the Economic Growth, with an innovative study in the context of the GCC countries. The main goal of the paper is to examine empirically the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for the GCC countries. The methodological tool of this contribution tries to measure the effect of the emission of the CO2 on the Growth Economic and environmental performance. The main purpose of the research is focused on the empirical approach justified by the use of a dynamic panel modeling on a sample of the GCC countries during the period of 2002-2018. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of the reaction of the development of the Environmental Performance with the level of the the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) and the economic growth. The study employed a GMM model system. Subsequently, the authors displayed a Panel Co-integration test of Pedroni (2004), the Kao Residual Co-integration test (1999), and the Granger causality tests. The results found unidirectional causal relationships between economic growth and the entire variable of the sample, except the variable CO2 emission. These relationships are statistically significant at the level of 5%. For the relation between Economic Growth and CO2 emission, one the hypothesis of the paper was checking a non-significant and unidirectional relationship. The results showed a long-run unidirectional causality between the variables and implied that Economic Growth in the GCC countries has a positive and significant unidirectional relation with Environment Performance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and investment. The results confirm the existence of a negative relationship as insignificant, and unidirectional, between economic growth and CO2 emissions in the GCC countries. Finally, this finding doesn’t support the validity of the EKC hypothesis and provide information's to take the necessary policy suggestions to maintain the environmental performance and limit the average of the CO2 emissions. The results of the research can be useful for the GCC countries to avoid the higher level of Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) and maintain a good Environmental Performance. Keywords: environmental performance, Environmental Kuznets Curve, CO2 emissions.

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Economic Growth And Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis In Yemen

Iraqi Journal of Economic Sciences ◽

10.31272/ijes2021.68.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (68) ◽

pp. 42-58

Author(s):

Essa Alhannom ◽

Ghaleb Mushabab

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Per Capita ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Abstract This study investigates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Yemen and the causal relationships between Carbon dioxide emissions, per capita income, energy consumption, trade openness, and industrial share to GDP. ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, Error Correction Model, and Toda-Yamamoto procedure to Granger causality techniques were employed on annual data covering the period from 1990 to 2010. long run relationship between CO2 emissions and its determinants with significant effects for per capita GDP and trade openness, whereas, energy consumption and trade openness appear to be important determinants of CO2 emissions in the short run. Besides, based on Narayan and Narayan (2010) approach, it is found that the EKC hypothesis does not hold in Yemen and therefore the effect of per capita income on CO2 emissions is monotonically increasing. Toda-Yamamoto causality test proved the existence of bidirectional causal relationships between economic growth and CO2 emissions, between energy consumption and economic growth, and between trade openness and energy consumption

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The Impact of Energy, Agriculture, Macroeconomic and Human-Induced Indicators on Environmental Pollution from 1971 to 2011

10.20944/preprints201609.0095.v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Asumadu-Sarkodie ◽

Phebe Asantewaa Owusu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Crop Production ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽

The Impact

In this study, the impact of energy, agriculture, macroeconomic and human-induced indicators on environmental pollution from 1971 to 2011 is investigated using the statistically inspired modification of partial least squares (SIMPLS) regression model. There was evidence of a linear relationship between energy, agriculture, macroeconomic and human-induced indicators and carbon dioxide emissions. Evidence from the SIMPLS regression shows that a 1% increase in crop production index will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.71%. Economic growth increased by 1% will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.46%, thus supports the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis that an increase in a country’s economic growth leads to a reduction in environmental pollution. An increase in electricity production from hydroelectric sources by 1% will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.30%, thus increasing renewable energy sources in Ghana’s energy portfolio will help mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Increasing Enteric Emissions by 1% will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 4.22% and a 1% increase in the Nitrogen content of Manure Management will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 6.69%. The SIMPLS regression forecasting exhibited a 5% MAPE from the prediction of carbon dioxide emissions.

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Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073660 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3660

Author(s):

Rathna Hor ◽

Phanna Ly ◽

Agusta Samodra Putra ◽

Riaru Ishizaki ◽

Tofael Ahamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Production System ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Food Production ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Food Production System

Traditional Cambodian food has higher nutrient balances and is environmentally sustainable compared to conventional diets. However, there is a lack of knowledge and evidence on nutrient intake and the environmental greenness of traditional food at different age distributions. The relationship between nutritional intake and environmental impact can be evaluated using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural production based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The objective of this study was to estimate the CO2 equivalent (eq) emissions from the traditional Cambodian diet using LCA, starting at each agricultural production phase. A one-year food consumption scenario with the traditional diet was established. Five breakfast (BF1–5) and seven lunch and dinner (LD1–7) food sets were consumed at the same rate and compared using LCA. The results showed that BF1 and LD2 had the lowest and highest emissions (0.3 Mt CO2 eq/yr and 1.2 Mt CO2 eq/yr, respectively). The food calories, minerals, and vitamins met the recommended dietary allowance. The country’s existing food production system generates CO2 emissions of 9.7 Mt CO2 eq/yr, with the proposed system reducing these by 28.9% to 6.9 Mt CO2 eq/yr. The change in each food item could decrease emissions depending on the type and quantity of the food set, especially meat and milk consumption.

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The travel-related carbon dioxide emissions of atmospheric researchers

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-8-7373-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 7373-7389 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Stohl

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Information Exchange ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Radiative Forcing ◽

Global Climate ◽

Air Travel ◽

Ozone Production ◽

Per Capita ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Most atmospheric scientists agree that greenhouse gas emissions have already caused significant changes to the global climate system and that these changes will accelerate in the near future. At the same time, atmospheric scientists who – like other scientists – rely on international collaboration and information exchange travel a lot and, thereby, cause substantial emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this paper, the CO2 emissions of the employees working at an atmospheric research institute (the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU) caused by all types of business travel (conference visits, workshops, field campaigns, instrument maintainance, etc.) were calculated for the years 2005–2007. It is estimated that more than 90% of the emissions were caused by air travel, 3% by ground travel and 5% by hotel usage. The travel-related annual emissions were between 1.9 and 2.4 t CO2 per employee or between 3.9 and 5.5 t CO2 per scientist. For comparison, the total annual per capita CO2 emissions are 4.5 t worldwide, 1.2 t for India, 3.8 t for China, 5.9 t for Sweden and 19.1 t for Norway. The travel-related CO2 emissions of a NILU scientist, occurring in 24 days of a year on average, exceed the global average annual per capita emission. Norway's per-capita CO2 emissions are among the highest in the world, mostly because of the emissions from the oil industry. If the emissions per NILU scientist derived in this paper are taken as representative for the average Norwegian researcher, travel by Norwegian scientists would nevertheless account for a substantial 0.2% of Norway's total CO2 emissions. Since most of the travel-related emissions are due to air travel, water vapor emissions, ozone production and contrail formation further increase the relative importance of NILU's travel in terms of radiative forcing.

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Energy, Emissions and the Economy: Empirical Analysis from Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v53i4iipp.383-401 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 53 (4II) ◽

pp. 383-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood ◽

Sadaf Shahab

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Bounds Testing ◽

Long Run ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Energy Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

It is now an established fact that the most important environmental problem of our era is global warming.1 The rising quantity of worldwide carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions seems to be escalating this problem. As the emissions generally result from consumption of fossil fuels, decreasing energy spending seems to be the direct way of handling the emissions problem. However, because of the possible negative impacts on economic growth, cutting the energy utilisation is likely to be the “less preferred road”. Moreover, if the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis applies to the emissions and income link, economic growth by itself may become a solution to the problem of environmental degradation [Rothman and de Bruyn (1998)]. Coondoo and Dinda (2002), however, argue that both developing and developed economies must sacrifice economic growth. Still, countries may opt for different policies to fight global environmental problems, mainly depending on the type of relationship between CO2 emissions, income, and energy consumption over the long run [Soytas and Sari (2006)]. Hence, the emissions-energy-income nexus needs to be studied carefully and in detail for every economy, but more so for the developing countries. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and the economy in Pakistan from a long run perspective, in a multivariate framework controlling for gross fixed capital, labour and exports by employing ARDL bounds testing approach.

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Climate benefits of proposed carbon dioxide mitigation strategies for international shipping and aviation

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-19-14949-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (23) ◽

pp. 14949-14965 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Catherine C. Ivanovich ◽

Ilissa B. Ocko ◽

Pedro Piris-Cabezas ◽

Annie Petsonk

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Civil Aviation ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

International Shipping ◽

Nationally Determined Contributions ◽

Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. While individual countries work to achieve and strengthen their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement, the growing emissions from two economic sectors remain largely outside most countries' NDCs: international shipping and international aviation. Reducing emissions from these sectors is particularly challenging because the adoption of any policies and targets requires the agreement of a large number of countries. However, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have recently announced strategies to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from their respective sectors. Here we provide information on the climate benefits of these proposed measures, along with related potential measures. Given that the global average temperature has already risen 1 ∘C above preindustrial levels, there is only 1.0 or 0.5 ∘C of additional “allowable warming” left to stabilize below the 2 or 1.5 ∘C thresholds, respectively. We find that if no actions are taken, CO2 emissions from international shipping and aviation may contribute roughly equally to an additional combined 0.12 ∘C to global temperature rise by end of century – which is 12 % and 24 % of the allowable warming we have left to stay below the 2 or 1.5 ∘C thresholds (1.0 and 0.5 ∘C), respectively. However, stringent mitigation measures may avoid over 85 % of this projected future warming from the CO2 emissions from each sector. Quantifying the climate benefits of proposed mitigation pathways is critical as international organizations work to develop and meet long-term targets.

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