scholarly journals Happiness and life expectancy by main occupational position among older workers: Who will live longer and happy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100735
Author(s):  
Mariona Lozano ◽  
Aïda Solé-Auró
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Occupational Position

scholarly journals Increasing the Public Pension Age: Employers’ Concerns and Policy Preferences

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik P van Dalen ◽  
Kène Henkens ◽  
Jaap Oude Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Pension Age

Abstract Governments increasingly focus on extending working lives by raising public pension ages and in some cases by linking pension ages to changes in the life expectancy. This study offers novel insights into how employers perceive such reforms and their consequences for their organization. A survey among employers (N = 1,208) has been carried out in 2017 to examine their reactions to a recent pension reform in the Netherlands. Statistical analyses are performed to examine employers’ support for the current policy of linking the public pension age to changes in average life expectancy, as well as the support for 2 alternative policies that are often considered in public policy debates: a flexible public pension age; and a lower public pension age for workers in physically demanding jobs. Results show that particularly employers in construction and industry are extremely concerned about the physical capability of employees to keep on working until the public pension age. These concerns are the driving forces behind the lack of support for linking public pension ages to changes in average life expectancy (22% support) and the overwhelming support for a lower public pension age for physically demanding jobs (82%). The introduction of a flexible pension age (78% support) is not firmly related to employers’ concerns about capability or employability of older workers.

scholarly journals Diet quality as a predictor of healthy and cardiometabolic disease-free life expectancy between ages 50 to 85

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Lagström ◽  
Sari Stenholm ◽  
Tasnime Akbararly ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Disease Free

AbstractPoor dietary quality is one of the leading modifiable risk factor for premature mortality worldwide. People live longer than ever, but spend more years with illness and disability although the ultimate goal is to increase healthy years of life. Less research has considered the role of dietary habits in relation to health or cardiometabolic disesase-free life expectancy (LE). This study investigate the association of diet quality with healthy and cardiometabolic disease-free LE between ages 50 and 85. The study comprised 8,075 participants of the Whitehall II study. Diet quality was assessed with Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) 2010 at phases 3, 5 and 7 and took the measure of diet closest to age of 50 years for each participant. We utilized repeat measures of self-rated health and cardiometabolic disease from the first observation when participants were aged 50 years or older. In the analyses the AHEI-2010 total score was categorized in to quintiles, where the lowest quintile represents unhealthiest diet quality and highest quintiles healthiest diet. Multistate life table models were used to estimate healthy and cardiometabolic disease-free LE from age 50 to 85 years for each category of AHEI-2010 quintiles and three occupational position group. Participants in the highest AHEI-2010 quintile lived 3.6 years longer in good health and 2.7 years longer without cardiometabolic diseases than participants in the lowest quintile of the AHEI-2010. Higher diet quality associated with an increased healthy and cardiometabolic disease-free LE was observed across different occupational positions: Men in highest occupational position and highest AHEI-2010 quintile lived 9.4 years longer with good health compared to lowest occupational position and lowest AHEI-2010 quintile and for women the corresponding difference was 8.2 years. In terms of proportion of years spent without cardiometabolic diseases ranged from 77% (high occupational position and highest AHEI-2010) to 57% (low occupational position and lowest AHEI-2010) in men and from 82% to 70% in women. The difference in years lived healthy across AHEI-2010 quintiles was most remarkable in persons with low occupation status. Healthier dietary habits are associated with longer healthy and longer cardiometabolic disease-free LE between ages 50 and 85. Attention to poor diet should be paid especially among people in the lowest occupational position.

scholarly journals Diet quality as a predictor of cardiometabolic disease–free life expectancy: the Whitehall II cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Lagström ◽  
Sari Stenholm ◽  
Tasnime Akbaraly ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Disease Free

ABSTRACT Background Poor diet quality has been linked to increased risk of many chronic diseases and premature mortality. Less research has considered dietary habits in relation to disease-free life expectancy. Objectives Our objective was to investigate the association of diet quality with cardiometabolic disease–free life expectancy between ages 50 and 85 y. Methods Diet quality of 8041 participants of the Whitehall II cohort study was assessed with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) in 1991–1994, 1997–1999, and 2002–2004. The measurement of diet quality closest to age 50 for each participant was used. We utilized repeat measures of cardiometabolic disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes) from the first observation when participants were aged ≥50 y. Multistate life table models with covariates age, gender, occupational position, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption were used to estimate total and sex-specific cardiometabolic disease–free life expectancy from age 50 to 85 y for each AHEI-2010 quintile, where the lowest quintile represents unhealthiest dietary habits and the highest quintile the healthiest habits. Results The number of cardiometabolic disease–free life-years after age 50 was 23.9 y (95% CI: 23.0, 24.9 y) for participants with the healthiest diet, that is, a higher score on the AHEI-2010, and 21.4 y (95% CI: 20.6, 22.3 y) for participants with the unhealthiest diet. The association between diet quality and cardiometabolic disease–free life expectancy followed a dose–response pattern and was observed in subgroups of participants of different occupational position, BMI, physical activity level, and smoking habit, as well as when participants without cardiometabolic disease at baseline were excluded from analyses. Conclusions Healthier dietary habits are associated with cardiometabolic disease–free life expectancy between ages 50 and 85.

scholarly journals WHY DO OLDER WORKERS WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS PREFER TO RETIRE EARLY?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S43-S43
Author(s):  
Anushiya Vanajan ◽  
Ute Bültmann ◽  
Kène Henkens
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Work Limitations ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Older workers experiencing chronic health conditions (CHCs) are more likely to retire early. Current literature, however, lacks knowledge on the different pathways through which CHCs stimulate retirement preference. Earlier research is highly fragmented. Some studies have found CHCs to impact vitality, work limitations, or subjective life expectancy. Others have found vitality, work limitations, or subjective life expectancy to predict retirement preferences. We present a comprehensive model in which we hypothesize that the effects of four CHCs - arthritis, cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, and psychological disorders - on retirement preferences are differentially mediated by vitality, health-related work limitations, and subjective life expectancy. We analyzed data from 6,294 older workers (60 – 65 years) in the Netherlands. Effects of CHCs on older workers’ retirement preferences were mediated by vitality, health-related work limitations, and subjective life expectancy. The main mediation pathway differed for each CHC. Severe health-related work limitations among older workers with arthritis (65.6% mediated) and cardiovascular disease (44.0%) predominantly guided their retirement preferences. Lower vitality levels mainly mediated retirement preferences of older workers with sleep (59.1%) and psychological disorders (52.9%). Lower subjective life expectancy was a significant mediation pathway (13.7%) for older workers with cardiovascular diseases. Extending working lives is a key public health and policy challenge. We show that health-related work limitations and vitality play a major role in determining retirement preferences of older workers experiencing CHCs. Since both mediators are modifiable, targeted interventions may not only extend the working lives of older workers, but also improve its quality.

scholarly journals Social Challenges of the New Pension Reform in the Current Demographic Situation in Rossiya

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Valentina Dobrokhleb
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Demographic Aging

The Object of the Study, is the social challenges associated with the new pension reform in Rossiya. The Subject of the Study is the current demographic situation. One of the main civilizational challenges in Russia today is the demographic situation caused by the change in the age structure of the population – the birth rate is falling, the proportion and number of children's cohorts are decreasing, and the number of elderly people is steadily increasing. In our country, in accordance with the Federal law "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Appointment and Payment of Pensions", an increase in the retirement age has been approved. Changes in legislation to raise the retirement age in Russia are conducted in conditions of low life expectancy in comparison with other countries, as well as without taking into account the fact that the Russian regions are "aging" in different ways. If we talk about the regions, the oldest of them is the Tula Oblast’, where the number of citizens belonging to the category 60+ reaches 18.2 percent, and the youngest is considered to be Chechnya, in which such people are 4.3 percent, that is, the "geographical" gap is also very significant. The Main Theoretical Provisions of practical importance are that in the context of the adoption of the new pension reform, the main social challenges are: low life expectancy as well as low compared with economically developed countries, the survival of the elderly and old people; the continuing gap in the life expectancy of men and women, while the life expectancy of women is higher than that of men, and the level of their health is lower; the lack of a clear system of advanced training of older workers, including in the pre-retirement age; low rates of creation of new high-tech jobs in the country; poverty of the population due to the low level of wages; significant regional differences in the rate of demographic aging and in access to jobs, including high-tech. All this requires the adoption of effective management decisions to achieve the goals of economic development of the country, scheduled up to 2024.

scholarly journals Job strain and loss of healthy life years between ages 50 and 75 by sex and occupational position: analyses of 64 934 individuals from four prospective cohort studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L Magnusson Hanson ◽  
Hugo Westerlund ◽  
Holendro S Chungkham ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
Naja H Rod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Health Expectancy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Psychosocial Working Conditions ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Free

ObjectivesPoor psychosocial working conditions increase the likelihood of various types of morbidity and may substantially limit quality of life and possibilities to remain in paid work. To date, however, no studies to our knowledge have quantified the extent to which poor psychosocial working conditions reduce healthy or chronic disease-free life expectancy, which was the focus of this study.MethodsData were derived from four cohorts with repeat data: the Finnish Public Sector Study (Finland), GAZEL (France), the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (Sweden) and Whitehall II (UK). Healthy (in good self-rated health) life expectancy (HLE) and chronic disease-free (free from cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease and diabetes) life expectancy (CDFLE) was calculated from age 50 to 75 based on 64 394 individuals with data on job strain (high demands in combination with low control) at baseline and health at baseline and follow-up.ResultsMultistate life table models showed that job strain was consistently related to shorter HLE (overall 1.7 years difference). The difference in HLE was more pronounced among men (2.0 years compared with 1.5 years for women) and participants in lower occupational positions (2.5 years among low-grade men compared with 1.7 years among high-grade men). Similar differences in HLE, although smaller, were observed among those in intermediate or high occupational positions. Job strain was additionally associated with shorter CDFLE, although this association was weaker and somewhat inconsistent.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that individuals with job strain have a shorter health expectancy compared with those without job strain.

scholarly journals Policy Series: Illuminating the Intersection Between Employers and Experienced Employees: Current Research and Policy Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 808-808
Author(s):  
Brian Kaskie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract Population aging, resulting from the combination of longer life expectancy and lower birthrates, has widespread implications for both employees and employers across the United States. By2040, age55-plus workers are projected to account for more than25 percent of America’s workforce. Yet, even though we have gained a better understanding of the needs and preferences of aging workers, we know far less about the organizations which employ them. This symposium presents the latest research concerning: age discrimination in the workplace, intergenerational workplace arrangements, work ability and performance, and the increasingly varied pathways older persons are taking from work to retirement. We also examine how employers have addressed these issues, and consider why one type of employer may be more likely to adopt and implement a policy or program supporting older workers. Panelists then discuss policy alternatives that may increase and expand current employer efforts to support experienced employees.

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