scholarly journals Social Challenges of the New Pension Reform in the Current Demographic Situation in Rossiya

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Valentina Dobrokhleb
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Demographic Aging

The Object of the Study, is the social challenges associated with the new pension reform in Rossiya. The Subject of the Study is the current demographic situation. One of the main civilizational challenges in Russia today is the demographic situation caused by the change in the age structure of the population – the birth rate is falling, the proportion and number of children's cohorts are decreasing, and the number of elderly people is steadily increasing. In our country, in accordance with the Federal law "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Appointment and Payment of Pensions", an increase in the retirement age has been approved. Changes in legislation to raise the retirement age in Russia are conducted in conditions of low life expectancy in comparison with other countries, as well as without taking into account the fact that the Russian regions are "aging" in different ways. If we talk about the regions, the oldest of them is the Tula Oblast’, where the number of citizens belonging to the category 60+ reaches 18.2 percent, and the youngest is considered to be Chechnya, in which such people are 4.3 percent, that is, the "geographical" gap is also very significant. The Main Theoretical Provisions of practical importance are that in the context of the adoption of the new pension reform, the main social challenges are: low life expectancy as well as low compared with economically developed countries, the survival of the elderly and old people; the continuing gap in the life expectancy of men and women, while the life expectancy of women is higher than that of men, and the level of their health is lower; the lack of a clear system of advanced training of older workers, including in the pre-retirement age; low rates of creation of new high-tech jobs in the country; poverty of the population due to the low level of wages; significant regional differences in the rate of demographic aging and in access to jobs, including high-tech. All this requires the adoption of effective management decisions to achieve the goals of economic development of the country, scheduled up to 2024.

scholarly journals EMPLOYMENT AFTER NORMAL RETIREMENT AGE: EMPLOYERS’ MOTIVES AND EXPERIENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S129-S130
Author(s):  
Jaap Oude Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mandatory Retirement ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Labor Market Dynamics ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retirement Systems

Abstract Due to population aging, older workers in developed countries are working much longer than previous cohorts. Some older workers even extend their careers beyond normal retirement age – or the age that is traditionally associated with retirement. While earlier work has studied employees’ motives and experiences while working after normal retirement age, motives and experiences of employers remain unexplored. Understanding employers’ perspectives is imperative for a better grasp of employees’ opportunity structures and labor market dynamics. This is especially relevant in countries with mandatory retirement systems, since here employer and employee need to negotiate a new contract after normal retirement age. I study employers’ motives to and experiences with employing older workers after normal retirement age using data from a 2017 survey among 1,312 Dutch employers. The Netherlands has mandatory retirement regulations but is also seeing an increase in employment rates after normal retirement age. Results show that 54% of employers have, in recent years, employed one or more older workers beyond their normal retirement age. This is especially common in education. 70% of employers are very positive about their previous experiences with employing older workers after normal retirement age, mostly because they had rehired older workers with unique knowledge and experience. However, employers also hardly ever took the initiative for such employment arrangements, instead leaving it to the older workers to show the desire to continue working. Although employers are largely positive, they see it as a limited phenomenon, and do not consider it a solution to labor shortages.

scholarly journals Increasing the Public Pension Age: Employers’ Concerns and Policy Preferences

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik P van Dalen ◽  
Kène Henkens ◽  
Jaap Oude Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Pension Age

Abstract Governments increasingly focus on extending working lives by raising public pension ages and in some cases by linking pension ages to changes in the life expectancy. This study offers novel insights into how employers perceive such reforms and their consequences for their organization. A survey among employers (N = 1,208) has been carried out in 2017 to examine their reactions to a recent pension reform in the Netherlands. Statistical analyses are performed to examine employers’ support for the current policy of linking the public pension age to changes in average life expectancy, as well as the support for 2 alternative policies that are often considered in public policy debates: a flexible public pension age; and a lower public pension age for workers in physically demanding jobs. Results show that particularly employers in construction and industry are extremely concerned about the physical capability of employees to keep on working until the public pension age. These concerns are the driving forces behind the lack of support for linking public pension ages to changes in average life expectancy (22% support) and the overwhelming support for a lower public pension age for physically demanding jobs (82%). The introduction of a flexible pension age (78% support) is not firmly related to employers’ concerns about capability or employability of older workers.

scholarly journals Persons of Pre-Retirement Age in the Labour Market: Employment Problems and Support Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1178-1192
Author(s):  
Natalya A. Chernykh ◽  
Anna N. Tarasova ◽  
Andrey E. Syrchin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
The Government

The problem of age discrimination in the labour sector has become even more relevant, as the increase in the retirement age and the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia reinforce ageism. The article aims to assess the incidence of age discrimination in the labour market of the Sverdlovsk Region and examine employers’ behaviour towards people nearing retirement. The mixed methodology includes quantitative (analysis of statistics, questionnaire survey, content analysis) and qualitative (in-depth interviews with employers) research methods. While in the 1990s age discrimination was evident and expressed in the exclusion of older workers from the employment sector, now age discrimination is latent and has different manifestations. The results showed that people aged over 45 have less job opportunities in the labour market. Thus, most of them choose to maintain employment. This strategy, however, does not protect against other discriminatory practices such as displacement to less paid positions, reduced pay rate, etc. This situation leads to the decrease in the average wage of workers aged 50-55 by approximately 25%. We can conclude that employers did not change their behaviour and continue using discriminatory practices to maximise the return on human capital, shifting the risks of pension reform to employees. The government is trying to smooth over the differences between the effectiveness of the regional economic system, focused on maximising the use of regional human resources, and the effectiveness of individual organisations by protecting labour rights and promoting the employment of people nearing retirement. However, the government support measures mainly focus on training or retraining of people aged over 50, while employers lack economic incentives to reconsider their attitude towards older workers. Thus, we recommend developing governmental mechanisms for encouraging employers to change their personnel policy concerning employees aged over 50.

Altersrente: Innovative Kennzahlen zur Beschreibung von Beginn und Dauer von Rente 2012–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (99) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Dagmar Pattloch
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sullivan Method

Zusammenfassung Die Rentenpolitik in Deutschland hebt das gesetzliche Rentenalter an und beschränkt gleichzeitig Optionen, die Altersrente vorzuziehen. Die Berichterstattung über die „rentenaufschiebende“ Wirkung dieser Regeln verwendet jedoch ungeeignete Kennzahlen. Um den Mangel zu beheben nutzt der Artikel die Sullivan-Methode, die die Lebenserwartung im Alter 60 aufteilt in Jahre innerhalb bzw. außerhalb von Altersrente. Diese Kennzahlen zeigen, dass der durchschnittliche Rentenaufschub zwischen 2012 und 2018 stark war (9 Monate bei Männern, 6 Monate bei Frauen) und sogar den Gewinn an Lebenserwartung (5 Monate bei Männern, 4 Monate bei Frauen) überstieg. Schlussfolgerung: Der Umbau des Rentenzugangs zeigt messbare, rasche Folgen für die Bevölkerung, und die Öffentlichkeit und Politik sollten dies zur Kenntnis nehmen. Die Sullivan-Methode wird zur Fortschreibung empfohlen. Abstract: Old Age Pension: Innovative Figures to Describe the Start and Duration of Pensions 2012–2018 Germany’s pensions policy has increased the statutory retirement age and discouraged early pensions. However, the monitoring of the respective postponing effect is weakened by inappropriate indicators. To remedy this, the paper uses the Sullivan method to divide life expectancy at age 60 into years with and years without old age pension. The results show that the average from 2012 to 2018 was large (9 months in men, 6 months in women) and even exceeded life expectancy gains (5 months in men, 4 months in women). In conclusion, the pension reform has a measurable and rapid impact on the population, and the public and politicians need to be aware of this. The Sullivan method is recommended for regular updates.

scholarly journals Retirement timing in Italy: rising age and the advantages of a stable working career

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Marco Trentini
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Work History ◽  
Involuntary Retirement ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Retirement Timing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Stability

Abstract This article looks at how retirement timing is changing in Italy. A first aim is descriptive and it is to identify recent trends in retirement age, following the pension reform. Then the focus is on factors which may favour or hinder the extension of the working career of older workers. They are studied by looking at the reasons for retirement, introducing the distinction between voluntary and involuntary retirement, and some predictors of retirement. Some of them relate to the work history of individuals, in particular the stability/instability of careers due to episodes of unemployment. The level of education and gender, two variables that may affect the employability of older workers, have also been considered. The study is based on a longitudinal analysis (Kaplan–Meier survival estimates of transition to retirement and binomial logit discrete-time model for the analysis of retirement predictors) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Job Episodes Panel data. They refer to a sample of 1,999 individuals born between 1911 and 1959. Although the various pension reforms initiated in Italy in the 1990s have not yet been fully implemented, retirement age is rising, even in the case of involuntary retirement. Regarding work history, the advantages of a working career with a small number of unemployment episodes emerge from the study.

scholarly journals In medio stat victus: Labor Demand Effects of an Increase in the Retirement Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tito Boeri ◽  
Pietro Garibaldi ◽  
Espen R. Moen
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Unique Dataset

AbstractAfter falling for four decades, statutory retirement ages are increasing in most OECD countries. The labor market adjustment to these reforms has not yet been thoroughly investigated by the literature. We draw on a major pension reform that took place in Italy in December 2011 that increased the retirement age by up to six years for some categories of workers. We have access to a unique dataset validated by the Italian social security administration (INPS), which identifies in each private firm, based on an administrative exam of eligibility conditions, how many workers were locked in by the sudden increase in the retirement age, and for how long. We find that firms mostly affected by the lock in are those that were downsizing even before the policy shock. The increase in the retirement age seems to displace more middle-aged workers than young workers. Furthermore, there is not a one-to-one increase in the number of older workers in the firms where some workers were locked in by the reform. We provide tentative explanations for these results, based on the interaction between retirement, employment protection legislation and liquidity constraints of firms.

scholarly journals Who are Pre-Retirees? To the Question of the Social Status of the Group

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-159
Author(s):  
Elena Vasileva ◽  
◽  
Nataliya Nikolenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Discourses

This review discusses stratification models and empirical studies of the social status of people of retirement age in modern Russia. Our goal is to identify the social markings of the group and its status features, as well as the differences in managerial and scientific discourses of its assessment. The pension reform that began in 2019 significantly changes the group of pre-retirees: its number is increasing, it is getting older and differented by the age and generational cohorts. Moreover, the time of change is reflected in constructs "yuothful retired persons", "a working old-age pensioners", "youngest-old retirees" and "new pre-retirees". Differences approaches to status stratification, based on differences in managerial and scientific discourses are evident. The management approach is largely situational and related to the category of "pre-retirement time" as the period prior to the retirement of old age. This approach is focused, first, on the labor productivity, and, secondly, on the formal-legal definition of the status. The research approach is formed under the influence of global strategic discourse and differentiates the macro-social and organizational-social levels of social stratification. Within this framework, the social status of people of pre-retirement age is associated with socio-economic activity and human capital, employment and professional career. This group is related primarily to the category of "older workers", which combines employed pre-retirees and post-retirees and indicates the characteristics of the status associated with social attitudes to elderly. Publications on the social status of pre-retirees over the past five years indicate that the research tradition is dominated by a macro-economic rather than organizational approach. In addition, stratification models use mainly employment and human capital indicators as differentiating features, but not indicators of labor force and career potential. The research results revealed the following features of the status of pre-retirees: the growth of economic activity of older workers; the growth of employment of highly qualified workers in market and high-tech sectors of the economy; the significant impact of informal employment; the presence of age discrimination in wages and employment; insignificant representation in new institutional forms of economic activity and social entrepreneurship.

The demand for older workers and age discrimination: International experience and Russian realities

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-121
Author(s):  
Maria A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Analysis ◽  
High Age

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the demand for older workers and age discrimination in the Russian labor market. The recent pension reform has brought widespread attention to these issues. Macroeconomic analysis showed that, despite the growth in the retirement age population and the increase in their presence in the labor market over the past decade, the demand for older workers has still been limited. One of the reasons for this situation is the relatively high age discrimination both in society and in the Russian labor market. Given this circumstance, raising retirement age should be accompanied by demandside efforts such as improving age discrimination legislation and age-friendly employment policy. The analysis of extensive international experience allows us to develop recommendations that will help smooth out negative effects of raising retirement age for certain categories of workers.

Social Imperatives of Economic Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
A. A. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Real ◽  
Transition Speed ◽  
Demographic Aging

The paper analyzes social imperatives in Russian society in the 2010s in the context of the ongoing reforms and tasks arising from the presidential decrees of 2012 and 2018. The subject of research is the social and economic implications of the population aging and their impact on the state macroeconomic policy. The purpose of research was to identify the real problems of demographic aging and differences in approaches to their solution in developed countries and in Russia. The paper also analyzes the experience of the retirement-age increase in the OECD countries and substantiates the conclusion about its fundamental difference from the Russian reform of 2018 characterized by the socially dangerous transition speed. It is concluded that the economic activity of elderly people in the Russian economy is increasing and has an impact on its future even without raising the retirement age; the real demographic burden of the elderly is revealed which in Russia is much lower at present and in the long term, therefore, there can be no arguments in favor of the reforms carried out. The niche of social transformations related to the growing share of the «NEET» generation unused in the state policy is demonstrated.

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