scholarly journals In utero and early life arsenic exposure in relation to long-term health and disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohreh F. Farzan ◽  
Margaret R. Karagas ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals The neonatal microbiome in utero and beyond: perinatal influences and long-term impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-291
Author(s):  
Lee Hill ◽  
Ruchika Sharma ◽  
Lara Hart ◽  
Jelena Popov ◽  
Michal Moshkovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Microbiome Development

Abstract The neonatal microbiome offers a valuable model for studying the origins of human health and disease. As the field of metagenomics expands, we also increase our understanding of early life influences on its development. In this review we will describe common techniques used to define and measure the microbiome. We will review in utero influences, normal perinatal development, and known risk factors for abnormal neonatal microbiome development. Finally, we will summarize current evidence that links early life microbial impacts on the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, obesity, and atopy.

scholarly journals Effect of In Utero and Early-Life Conditions on Adult Health and Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 359 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Gluckman ◽  
Mark A. Hanson ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Kent L. Thornburg
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota during early life – impact on health and disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Nylund ◽  
Reetta Satokari ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Willem M. de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

In the first years after birth, the intestinal microbiota develops rapidly both in diversity and complexity while being relatively stable in healthy adults. Different life-style-related factors as well as medical practices have an influence on the early-life intestinal colonisation. We address the impact of some of these factors on the consecutive microbiota development and later health. An overview is presented of the microbial colonisation steps and the role of the host in that process. Moreover, new early biomarkers are discussed with examples that include the association of microbiota and atopic diseases, the correlation of colic and early development and the impact of the use of antibiotics in early life. Our understanding of the development and function of the intestinal microbiota is constantly improving but the long-term influence of early-life microbiota on later life health deserves careful clinical studies.

scholarly journals Early Life Arsenic Exposure and Acute and Long-term Responses to Influenza A Infection in Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Ramsey ◽  
Rachel E. Foong ◽  
Peter D. Sly ◽  
Alexander N. Larcombe ◽  
Graeme R. Zosky
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Arsenic Exposure

scholarly journals In utero estrogenic endocrine disruption alters the stroma to increase extracellular matrix density and mammary gland stiffness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Wormsbaecher ◽  
Andrea R. Hindman ◽  
Alex Avendano ◽  
Marcos Cortes ◽  
Andrew Bushman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Matrix Density ◽  
Adult Mice

AbstractIn utero endocrine disruption is linked to increased risk of breast cancer later in life. Despite numerous studies establishing this linkage, the long-term molecular changes that predispose mammary cells to carcinogenic transformation are unknown. Several lines of evidence indicate the stroma mediates endocrine disruption following early-life (or in utero) exposure. Herein, we utilized BPA as a model of estrogenic endocrine disruption to analyze the long-term consequences in the stroma. Using RNA-seq transcriptional profiling of adult primary fibroblasts isolated from female mice exposed to BPA in utero, we identified deregulated genes associated with the extracellular matrix. Specifically, multiple collagen genes had increased expression in exposed mice. In line with the transcriptional data, collagen deposition is increased in adult BPA-exposed mice. We further demonstrate in vitro that fibroblasts exposed to BPA in utero remodel a collagen matrix, thereby decreasing permeability of the collagen matrix. These alterations to the mammary gland resulted in increased gland stiffness in the adult mice. Our data connects early life endocrine disruption to breast density. Interestingly, increased collagen deposition and gland stiffness were not observed in the developing glands of younger mice, suggesting risk factors for breast cancer continue to develop throughout life following these exposures. Finally, we assessed whether in utero exposure to two other endocrine disruptors, BPS and DES, also increase breast stiffness in adult mice. While DES increased breast stiffness, BPS did not, suggesting this BPA alternative may in fact pose less breast cancer risk than its predecessor. As breast stiffness, extracellular matrix density, and collagen deposition have been directly linked to breast cancer risk, these data mechanistically link endocrine disruptor exposures and molecular alterations to increased disease susceptibility in the gland.

scholarly journals Nutritional adversity, sex and reproduction: 30 years of DOHaD and what have we learned?

2019 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. T51-T68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja A Jazwiec ◽  
Deborah M Sloboda
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Disease

It is well established that early life environmental signals, including nutrition, set the stage for long-term health and disease risk – effects that span multiple generations. This relationship begins early, in the periconceptional period and extends into embryonic, fetal and early infant phases of life. Now known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), this concept describes the adaptations that a developing organism makes in response to early life cues, resulting in adjustments in homeostatic systems that may prove maladaptive in postnatal life, leading to an increased risk of chronic disease and/or the inheritance of risk factors across generations. Reproductive maturation and function is similarly influenced by early life events. This should not be surprising, since primordial germ cells are established early in life and thus vulnerable to early life adversity. A multitude of ‘modifying’ cues inducing developmental adaptations have been identified that result in changes in reproductive development and impairments in reproductive function. Many types of nutritional challenges including caloric restriction, macronutrient excess and micronutrient insufficiencies have been shown to induce early life adaptations that produce long-term reproductive dysfunction. Many pathways have been suggested to underpin these associations, including epigenetic reprogramming of germ cells. While the mechanisms still remain to be fully investigated, it is clear that a lifecourse approach to understanding lifetime reproductive function is necessary. Furthermore, investigations of the impacts of early life adversity must be extended to include the paternal environment, especially in epidemiological and clinical studies of offspring reproductive function.

scholarly journals Making headway towards understanding how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to early-life effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1770) ◽  
pp. 20180126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Vukic ◽  
Haoyu Wu ◽  
Lucia Daxinger
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Evolutionary Medicine ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Scientific Fields

It has become clear that in addition to the DNA sequence there is another layer of information, termed epigenetic modifications, that can influence phenotypes and traits. In particular, environmental epigenomics, which addresses the effect of the environment on the epigenome and human health, is becoming an area of great interest for many researchers working in different scientific fields. In this review, we will consider the current evidence that early-life environmental signals can have long-term effects on the epigenome. We will further evaluate how recent technological advances may enable us to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena, which will be crucial for understanding heritability in health and disease. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine'.

The Microbiota and Malnutrition: Impact of Nutritional Status During Early Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Izaskun García-Mantrana ◽  
Cecilia Martínez-Costa ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Erika Isolauri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

According to the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, our health is determined by events experienced in utero and during early infancy. Indeed, both our prenatal and postnatal nutrition conditions have an impact on the initial architecture and activity of our microbiota. Recent evidence has underlined the importance of the composition of the early gut microbiota in relation to malnutrition, whether it be undernutrition or overnutrition, that is, in terms of both stunted and overweight development. It remains unclear how early microbial contact is linked to the risk of disease, as well as whether alterations in the microbiome underlie the pathogenesis of malnutrition or are merely the end result of it, which indicates that thequestion of causality must urgently be answered. This review provides information on the complex interaction between the microbiota and nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life, taking into account the impact of both undernutrition and overnutrition on the microbiota and on infants’ health outcomes in the short- and long-term.

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