Recent developments in clinical trials of botulinum neurotoxins

Toxicon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoniangela Cocco ◽  
Alberto Albanese
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxins

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Jihwan Hwang ◽  
Yeri Alice Rim ◽  
Yoojun Nam ◽  
Ji Hyeon Ju
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Joint Function ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Recent Developments

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies have been used as cell-based treatments for decades, owing to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties. With high expectations, many ongoing clinical trials are investigating the safety and efficacy of MSC therapies to treat arthritic diseases. Studies on osteoarthritis (OA) have shown positive clinical outcomes, with improved joint function, pain level, and quality of life. In addition, few clinical MSC trials conducted on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have also displayed some optimistic outlook. The largely positive outcomes in clinical trials without severe side effects establish MSCs as promising tools for arthritis treatment. However, further research is required to investigate its applicability in clinical settings. This review discusses the most recent advances in clinical studies on MSC therapies for OA and RA.

scholarly journals Navigating the Crossroads of Cell Therapy and Natural Heart Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Elde ◽  
Hanjay Wang ◽  
Y. Joseph Woo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Myocardial Regeneration ◽  
Heart Regeneration ◽  
Recent Developments

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite significant advances in our understanding of the disease and its treatment. Consequently, the therapeutic potential of cell therapy and induction of natural myocardial regeneration have stimulated a recent surge of research and clinical trials aimed at addressing this challenge. Recent developments in the field have shed new light on the intricate relationship between inflammation and natural regeneration, an intersection that warrants further investigation.

New Developments and Challenges in Rare Genitourinary Tumors: Non-Urothelial Bladder Cancers and Squamous Cell Cancers of the Penis

2017 ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
Jeanny B. Aragon-Ching ◽  
Lance C. Pagliaro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Urothelial Bladder ◽  
Genitourinary Cancers

The diagnosis and treatment of rare genitourinary tumors is inherently challenging. The Rare Diseases Act of 2002 initially defined a rare disorder as one that affects fewer than 200,000 Americans. The lack of widely available clinical guidelines, limited research funding, and inaccessible clinical trials often lead to difficulty with treatment decisions to guide practitioners in rendering effective care for patients with rare genitourinary cancers. This article will discuss basic tenets of diagnosis and treatment as well as recent developments and clinical trials in rare non-urothelial bladder cancers and penile squamous cell cancers.

Recent Developments in Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
David A Bader ◽  
Jasmina Z Cerne ◽  
Sean E McGuire ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Recent Developments

Locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC) is often managed with a combination of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Clinical protocols combining ADT and EBRT for the treatment of LAPC were developed based on clinical trials that used conventional-dose EBRT (~70 Gy) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analog monotherapy. However, dose-escalated EBRT (>74 Gy) is in widespread clinical use and potent second-generation agents targeting the androgen axis have recently received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. These and other recent developments challenge the current standard of care for LAPC. Determining the optimal duration and potency of ADT in combination with dose-escalated EBRT in LAPC is an active area of clinical research seeking to balance the side-effect profile of ADT with its well-established therapeutic benefits. Prospective randomized clinical trials incorporating dose-escalated EBRT and second-generation androgen axis inhibitors are necessary to clarify the role of ADT in this new arena. Further, since biochemical response to neoadjuvant ADT predicts for efficacy of EBRT, new trials should seek to achieve maximal androgen suppression prior to EBRT to increase clinical benefit. Last, recent clinical and preclinical research efforts hold significant promise and seek to provide better predictive markers and expand the therapeutic target spectrum in prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Percutaneous Image-Guided Ablation of Lung Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5783
Author(s):  
Sadeer J. Alzubaidi ◽  
Harris Liou ◽  
Gia Saini ◽  
Nicole Segaran ◽  
J. Scott Kriegshauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Lung Tumors ◽  
Primary Cancer ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Protocol Optimization ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Ablative Techniques

Tumors of the lung, including primary cancer and metastases, are notoriously common and difficult to treat. Although surgical resection of lung lesions is often indicated, many conditions disqualify patients from being surgical candidates. Percutaneous image-guided lung ablation is a relatively new set of techniques that offers a promising treatment option for a variety of lung tumors. Although there have been no clinical trials to definitively compare its efficacy to those of traditional treatments, lung ablation is widely practiced and generally accepted to be safe and effective. Especially encouraging results have recently emerged for cryoablation, one of the newer ablative techniques. This article reviews the indications, techniques, contraindications, and complications of percutaneous image-guided ablation of lung tumors with special attention to cryoablation and its recent developments in protocol optimization.

Endocytosis and retrograde axonal traffic in motor neurons.

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Deinhardt ◽  
Giampietro Schiavo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxins

Spinal cord motor neurons control voluntary movement by relaying messages that arrive from upper brain centres to the innervated muscles. Despite the importance of motor neurons in human health and disease, the precise control of their membrane dynamics and its effect on motor neuron homoeostasis and survival are poorly understood. In particular, the molecular basis of the co-ordination of specific endocytic events with the axonal retrograde transport pathway is largely unknown. To study these important vesicular trafficking events, we pioneered the use of atoxic fragments of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins to follow endocytosis and retrograde axonal transport in motor neurons. These neurotoxins bind specifically to pre-synaptic nerve terminals, where they are internalized. Whereas botulinum neurotoxins remain at the neuromuscular junction, tetanus toxin is retrogradely transported along the axon to the cell body, where it is released into the intersynaptic space and is internalized by adjacent inhibitory interneurons. The high neurospecificity and the differential intracellular sorting make tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins ideal tools to study neuronal physiology. In the present review, we discuss recent developments in our understanding of the internalization and trafficking of these molecules in spinal cord motor neurons. Furthermore, we describe the development of a reliable transfection method for motor neurons based on microinjection, which will be extremely useful for dissecting further the molecular basis of membrane dynamics and axonal transport in these cells.

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