Mode of action and lack of human health relevance of increased hepatocellular adenoma in male CD1 mice treated with cyproconazole

2014 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. S147-S148
Author(s):  
David Cowie ◽  
Richard Green ◽  
Richard Currie ◽  
Emma Barnes ◽  
Richard Peffer
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Hepatocellular Adenoma ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
Health Relevance

Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Health and�General�Wellbeing

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
E.O. Irokanulo ◽  
M.A. Akalegbere
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
General Wellbeing

Gastrointestinal health is a precursor to general wellbeing in humans. Maintaining good normal gut flora for the health benefits they provide is important. Unfortunately, however, the good gut flora is sometimes dislodged during feeding and treatment with certain drugs. Foods that lead to such gut flora displacement may contain other microorganisms whose actions create unfavourable environmental conditions for resident flora. The principle of removing unwanted harmful gut flora; introducing good microorganisms through ingestion of live microorganisms, known as probiotics or foods that contain specific live microbes of interest is now practiced. Consumption of foods containing probiotics has long been practiced world-wide especially in rural settings and in low-income economies even though such consumptions may be unintended. Presently, careful isolation, characterization and testing of candidate probiotic organisms, has become the norm. This re-emerging phenomenon and the great impact it has on human health is considered here looking at probiotic sources; including foods, the role they play in gastrointestinal health, their mode of action and the disease types where they are beneficial to man including their safety and how their introduction in the �medical menu� in low-income nations can help in combating the rather very �regular� gastrointestinal infections in these countries.

scholarly journals Occurrence, Biological Consequences, and Human Health Relevance of Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2008-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Yuxiang Cui ◽  
Laura J. Niedernhofer ◽  
Yinsheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Relevance

scholarly journals Cross-resistance of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata to fungicides with different modes of action

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Na Yang ◽  
Meng-Han He ◽  
Hai-Bing Ouyang ◽  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Zhe-Chao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Sole Criterion

Abstract Background: Cross-resistance, a phenomenon that a pathogen resists to one antimicrobial compound also resists to one or several other compounds, is one of major threats to human health and sustainable food production. It usually occurs among antimicrobial compounds sharing the mode of action. In this study, we determined the sensitivity profiles of Alternaria alternata , a fungal pathogen which can cause diseases in many crops to two fungicides (mancozeb and difenoconazole) with different mode of action using a large number of isolates (234) collected from seven potato fields across China. Results: We found that pathogens could also develop cross resistance to fungicides with different modes of action as indicated by a strong positive correlation between mancozeb and difenoconazole tolerances to A. alternata . We also found a positive association between mancozeb tolerance and aggressiveness of A. alternata , suggesting no fitness penalty of developing mancozeb resistance in the pathogen and hypothesize that mechanisms such as antimicrobial compound efflux and detoxification that limit intercellular accumulation of natural/synthetic chemicals in pathogens might account for the cross-resistance and the positive association between pathogen aggressiveness and mancozeb tolerance. Conclusions: The detection of cross-resistance among different classes of fungicides suggests that the mode of action alone may not be an adequate sole criterion to determine what components to use in the mixture and/or rotation of fungicides in agricultural and medical sects. Similarly, the observation of a positive association between the pathogen’s aggressiveness and tolerance to mancozeb suggests that intensive application of site non-specific fungicides might simultaneously lead to reduced fungicide resistance and enhanced ability to cause diseases in pathogen populations, thereby posing a greater threat to agricultural production and human health. In this case, the use of evolutionary principles in closely monitoring populations and the use of appropriate fungicide applications are important for effective use of the fungicides and durable infectious disease management.

scholarly journals Honey as a Complementary Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117863371770286 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Miguel ◽  
MD Antunes ◽  
ML Faleiro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pathogen Control

The beneficial effects of honey on human health have long been recognized. Today, many of those positive effects have been studied to elucidate its mode of action. This review briefly summarizes the best studied features of honey, highlighting it as an appealing alternative medicine. In these reports, the health benefits of honey range from antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activity to anticancer action, metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, prebiotic properties, human pathogen control, and antiviral activity. These studies also support that the honey’s biological activity is mainly dependent on its floral or geographic origin. In addition, some promising synergies between honey and antibiotics have been found, as well as some antiviral properties that require further investigation. Altogether, these studies show that honey is effectively a nutraceutical foodstuff.

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