scholarly journals The endocrine disrupting potential of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on secretion of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) gut hormone and GLP-1 receptor interaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeve Shannon ◽  
Brian Green ◽  
Gary Willars ◽  
Jodie Wilson ◽  
Natalie Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide is insulinotropic and can cause hypoglycaemia in fasted healthy subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mark B. EDWARDS ◽  
Jeannie F. TODD ◽  
Mohammad A. GHATEI ◽  
Stephen R. BLOOM
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

1. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) is a gut hormone released postprandially that stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion and delays gastric emptying. The insulinotropic action of GLP-1 is more potent under hyperglycaemic conditions. Several published studies have indicated the therapeutic potential of subcutaneous GLP-1 in non-insulin-dependent (Type 2) diabetes mellitus. 2. We investigated whether subcutaneous GLP-1, at a dose shown to improve glycaemic control in early Type 2 diabetes, is insulinotropic at normal fasting glucose concentrations. A double-blind, randomized, crossover study of 10 healthy subjects injected with GLP-1 or saline subcutaneously after a 16 h fast was performed. The effect on cardiovascular parameters was also examined. 3. GLP-1 caused a near 5-fold rise in plasma insulin concentration. After treatment with GLP-1, circulating plasma glucose concentrations fell below the normal range in all subjects. One subject had symptoms of hypoglycaemia after GLP-1. A rise in pulse rate was found which correlated with the fall in plasma glucose concentration. An increase in blood pressure occurred with GLP-1 injection which was seen at the same time as the rise in plasma GLP-1 concentrations. 4. This study indicates that subcutaneous GLP-1 can override the normal homoeostatic mechanism maintaining fasting plasma glucose in man, and is also associated with an increase in blood pressure.

scholarly journals Cephalic phase secretion of insulin and other enteropancreatic hormones in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (1) ◽  
pp. G43-G51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Veedfald ◽  
Astrid Plamboeck ◽  
Carolyn F. Deacon ◽  
Bolette Hartmann ◽  
Filip K. Knop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Cephalic Phase ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Enteropancreatic hormone secretion is thought to include a cephalic phase, but the evidence in humans is ambiguous. We studied vagally induced gut hormone responses with and without muscarinic blockade in 10 glucose-clamped healthy men (age: 24.5 ± 0.6 yr, means ± SE; body mass index: 24.0 ± 0.5 kg/m2; HbA1c: 5.1 ± 0.1%/31.4 ± 0.5 mmol/mol). Cephalic activation was elicited by modified sham feeding (MSF, aka “chew and spit”) with or without atropine (1 mg bolus 45 min before MSF + 80 ng·kg−1·min−1 for 2 h). To mimic incipient prandial glucose excursions, glucose levels were clamped at 6 mmol/l on all days. The meal stimulus for the MSF consisted of an appetizing breakfast. Participants (9/10) also had a 6 mmol/l glucose clamp without MSF. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels rose from 6.3 ± 1.1 to 19.9 ± 6.8 pmol/l (means ± SE) in response to MSF and atropine lowered basal PP levels and abolished the MSF response. Neither insulin, C-peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), nor glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels changed in response to MSF or atropine. Glucagon and ghrelin levels were markedly attenuated by atropine prior to and during the clamp: at t = 105 min on the atropine (ATR) + clamp (CLA) + MSF compared with the saline (SAL) + CLA and SAL + CLA + MSF days; baseline-subtracted glucagon levels were −10.7 ± 1.1 vs. −4.0 ± 1.1 and −4.7 ± 1.9 pmol/l (means ± SE), P < 0.0001, respectively; corresponding baseline-subtracted ghrelin levels were 303 ± 36 vs. 39 ± 38 and 3.7 ± 21 pg/ml (means ± SE), P < 0.0001. Glucagon and ghrelin levels were unaffected by MSF. Despite adequate PP responses, a cephalic phase response was absent for insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, GIP, and ghrelin.

Effects of intraduodenal fatty acids on appetite, antropyloroduodenal motility, and plasma CCK and GLP-1 in humans vary with their chain length

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. R524-R533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Feltrin ◽  
Tanya J. Little ◽  
James H. Meyer ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
Andre J. P. M. Smout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Intraduodenal Infusion ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Intraduodenal Administration

The gastrointestinal effects of intraluminal fats may be critically dependent on the chain length of fatty acids released during lipolysis. We postulated that intraduodenal administration of lauric acid (12 carbon atoms; C12) would suppress appetite, modulate antropyloroduodenal pressure waves (PWs), and stimulate the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) more than an identical dose of decanoic acid (10 carbon atoms; C10). Eight healthy males (19–47 yr old) were studied on three occasions in a double-blind, randomized fashion. Appetite perceptions, antropyloroduodenal PWs, and plasma CCK and GLP-1 concentrations were measured during a 90-min intraduodenal infusion of 1) C12, 2) C10, or 3) control (rate: 2 ml/min, 0.375 kcal/min for C12/C10). Energy intake at a buffet meal, immediately after completion of the infusion, was also quantified. C12, but not C10, suppressed appetite perceptions ( P < 0.001) and energy intake (control: 4,604 ± 464 kJ, C10: 4,109 ± 588 kJ, and C12: 1,747 ± 632 kJ; P < 0.001, C12 vs. control/C10). C12, but not C10, also induced nausea ( P < 0.001). C12 stimulated basal pyloric pressures and isolated pyloric PWs and suppressed antral and duodenal PWs compared with control ( P < 0.05 for all). C10 transiently stimulated isolated pyloric PWs ( P = 0.001) and had no effect on antral PWs but markedly stimulated duodenal PWs ( P = 0.004). C12 and C10 increased plasma CCK ( P < 0.001), but the effect of C12 was substantially greater ( P = 0.001); C12 stimulated GLP-1 ( P < 0.05), whereas C10 did not. In conclusion, there are major differences in the effects of intraduodenal C12 and C10, administered at 0.375 kcal/min, on appetite, energy intake, antropyloroduodenal PWs, and gut hormone release in humans.

230 Monosodium Glutamate Reduces Postprandial Glucose With Altered Secretion of Insulin and Glucagon Like Peptide-1

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. S-56-S-57
Author(s):  
Hiroko Hosaka ◽  
Motoyasu Kusano ◽  
Hiroaki Zai ◽  
Yasuyuki Shimoyama ◽  
Akiyo Kawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Effects of truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 on the responses of starved sheep to glucose

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Faulkner ◽  
H. T. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

ABSTRACT The effects of i.v. glucagon-like peptide-1-(7–36)amide (GLP-1; 10 μg) on starved sheep given an i.v. glucose load (5 g) were studied. Plasma insulin concentrations rose significantly more after glucose administration in fed than in starved sheep. Giving GLP-1 to starved sheep increased the insulin response to the glucose load. The rise in plasma insulin concentrations in starved sheep given GLP-1 was similar to that observed in fed sheep. Plasma glucose concentrations returned to normal values more quickly in the starved sheep given GLP-1 than in starved sheep not given gut hormone. Plasma concentrations of free fatty acid, urea and α-amino nitrogen decreased more quickly following glucose administration in starved sheep given GLP-1 than in those not given GLP-1. The data suggest a role for GLP-1 in regulating plasma insulin concentrations and hence metabolism in ruminant animals. The possible role of gut hormones in ruminants is discussed. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 55–58

Glucagon-like peptide-1: a major regulator of pancreatic beta-cell function

2000 ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Perfetti ◽  
P Merkel
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Beta Cell Mass ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Insulin Biosynthesis ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone synthesized by post-translational processing in intestinal L-cells, and it is released in response to food ingestion. GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion during hyperglycemia, suppresses glucagon secretion, stimulates (pro)-insulin biosynthesis and decreases the rate of gastric emptying and acid secretion. GLP-1 has also been shown to have a pro-satiety effect. In addition, it has been demonstrated that a long-term infusion with GLP-1, or exendin-4, a long-acting analog of human GLP-1, increases beta-cell mass in rats. In conclusion, GLP-1 appears to regulate plasma glucose levels via various and independent mechanisms. GLP-1 is an excellent candidate option for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Swim training restores glucagon-like peptide-1 insulinotropic action in pancreatic islets from monosodium glutamate-obese rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Svidnicki ◽  
N. de Carvalho Leite ◽  
A. C. Venturelli ◽  
R. L. Camargo ◽  
M. R. Vicari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

scholarly journals Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Suppress Voluntary Alcohol Intake in Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent N. Marty ◽  
Mehdi Farokhnia ◽  
Joseph J. Munier ◽  
Yatendra Mulpuri ◽  
Lorenzo Leggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Alcohol Seeking

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing condition characterized by compulsive alcohol-seeking behaviors, with serious detrimental health consequences. Despite high prevalence and societal burden, available approved medications to treat AUD are limited in number and efficacy, highlighting a critical need for more and novel pharmacotherapies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone and neuropeptide involved in the regulation of food intake and glucose metabolism via GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs). GLP-1 analogs are approved for clinical use for diabetes and obesity. Recently, the GLP-1 system has been shown to play a role in the neurobiology of addictive behaviors, including alcohol seeking and consumption. Here we investigated the effects of different pharmacological manipulations of the GLP-1 system on escalated alcohol intake and preference in male Wistar rats exposed to intermittent access 2-bottle choice of 10% ethanol or water. Administration of AR231453 and APD668, two different agonists of G-protein receptor 119, whose activation increases GLP-1 release from intestinal L-cells, did not affect voluntary ethanol intake. By contrast, injections of either liraglutide or semaglutide, two long-acting GLP-1 analogs, potently decreased ethanol intake. These effects, however, were transient, lasting no longer than 48 h. Semaglutide, but not liraglutide, also reduced ethanol preference on the day of injection. As expected, both analogs induced a reduction in body weight. Co-administration of exendin 9-39, a GLP-1R antagonist, did not prevent liraglutide- or semaglutide-induced effects in this study. Injection of exendin 9-39 alone, or blockade of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, an enzyme responsible for GLP-1 degradation, via injection of sitagliptin, did not affect ethanol intake or preference. Our findings suggest that among medications targeting the GLP-1 system, GLP-1 analogs may represent novel and promising pharmacological tools for AUD treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners on appetite and the secretion of gastrointestinal satiety peptides

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1320-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Steinert ◽  
Florian Frey ◽  
Antonia Töpfer ◽  
Jürgen Drewe ◽  
Christoph Beglinger
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Structural Analogy ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Peptide Secretion

In vitro,both carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners (AS) stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). It has been suggested that the gut tastes sugars and AS through the same mechanisms as the tongue, with potential effects on gut hormone release. We investigated whether the human gut responds in the same way to AS and carbohydrate sugars, which are perceived by lingual taste as equisweet. We focused on the secretion of gastrointestinal (GI) satiety peptides in relation to appetite perception. We performed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, six-way, cross-over trial including twelve healthy subjects. On separate days, each subject received an intragastric infusion of glucose, fructose or an AS (aspartame, acesulfame K and sucralose) dissolved in 250 ml of water or water only (control). In a second part, four subjects received an intragastric infusion of the non-sweet, non-metabolisable sugar analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Glucose stimulated GLP-1 (P = 0·002) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY;P = 0·046) secretion and reduced fasting plasma ghrelin (P = 0·046), whereas fructose was less effective. Both carbohydrate sugars increased satiety and fullness (albeit not significantly) compared with water. In contrast, equisweet loads of AS did not affect gastrointestinal peptide secretion with minimal effects on appetite. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose increased hunger ratings, however, with no effects on GLP-1, PYY or ghrelin. Our data demonstrate that the secretion of GLP-1, PYY and ghrelin depends on more than the detection of (1) sweetness or (2) the structural analogy to glucose.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document