Carbon Footprint of autonomous vehicles at the urban mobility system level: A traffic simulation-based approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Patella ◽  
F. Scrucca ◽  
F. Asdrubali ◽  
S. Carrese
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
System Level ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Mobility System

scholarly journals Future mobility as a bio-inspired collaborative system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naroa Coretti Sanchez ◽  
Juan Múgica Gonzalez ◽  
Luis Alonso Pastor ◽  
Kent Larson
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Swarm Robotics ◽  
System Level ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
The Road ◽  
Collaborative System ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Vehicle Platooning ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Open Question

The current trends towards vehicle-sharing, electrification, and autonomy are predicted to transform mobility. Combined appropriately, they have the potential of significantly improving urban mobility. However, what will come after most vehicles are shared, electric, and autonomous remains an open question, especially regarding the interactions between vehicles and how these interactions will impact system-level behaviour. Inspired by nature and supported by swarm robotics and vehicle platooning models, this paper proposes a future mobility in which shared, electric, and autonomous vehicles behave as a bio-inspired collaborative system. The collaboration between vehicles will lead to a system-level behaviour analogous to natural swarms. Natural swarms can divide tasks, cluster, build together, or transport cooperatively. In this future mobility, vehicles will cluster by connecting either physically or virtually, which will enable the possibility of sharing energy, data or computational power, provide services or transfer cargo, among others. Vehicles will collaborate either with vehicles that are part of the same fleet, or with any other vehicle on the road, by finding mutualistic relationships that benefit both parties. The field of swarm robotics has already translated some of the behaviours from natural swarms to artificial systems and, if we further translate these concepts into urban mobility, exciting ideas emerge. Within mobility-related research, the coordinated movement proposed in vehicle platooning models can be seen as a first step towards collaborative mobility. This paper contributes with the proposal of a framework for future mobility that integrates current research and mobility trends in a novel and unique way.

Future mobility as a bio-inspired collaborative system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naroa Coretti Sanchez ◽  
Juan Múgica Gonzalez ◽  
Luis Alonso Pastor ◽  
Kent Larson
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Swarm Robotics ◽  
System Level ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
The Road ◽  
Collaborative System ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Vehicle Platooning ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Open Question

The current trends towards vehicle-sharing, electrification, and autonomy are predicted to transform mobility. Combined appropriately, they have the potential of significantly improving urban mobility. However, what will come after most vehicles are shared, electric, and autonomous remains an open question, especially regarding the interactions between vehicles and how these interactions will impact system-level behaviour. Inspired by nature and supported by swarm robotics and vehicle platooning models, this paper proposes a future mobility in which shared, electric, and autonomous vehicles behave as a bio-inspired collaborative system. The collaboration between vehicles will lead to a system-level behaviour analogous to natural swarms. Natural swarms can divide tasks, cluster, build together, or transport cooperatively. In this future mobility, vehicles will cluster by connecting either physically or virtually, which will enable the possibility of sharing energy, data or computational power, provide services or transfer cargo, among others. Vehicles will collaborate either with vehicles that are part of the same fleet, or with any other vehicle on the road, by finding mutualistic relationships that benefit both parties. The field of swarm robotics has already translated some of the behaviours from natural swarms to artificial systems and, if we further translate these concepts into urban mobility, exciting ideas emerge. Within mobility-related research, the coordinated movement proposed in vehicle platooning models can be seen as a first step towards collaborative mobility. This paper contributes with the proposal of a framework for future mobility that integrates current research and mobility trends in a novel and unique way.

scholarly journals Traffic Simulation-Based Approach for A Cradle-to-Grave Greenhouse Gases Emission Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Maria Patella ◽  
Flavio Scrucca ◽  
Francesco Asdrubali ◽  
Stefano Carrese
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
System Level ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Mobility System

This paper presents a model to evaluate the life cycle greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, expressed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq), of a generic fleet composition as a function of the traffic simulation results. First we evaluated the complete life cycle of each category of the vehicles currently circulating; next, by defining a general linear equation, the traffic environmental performances of a real road network (city of Rome) were evaluated using a traffic simulation approach. Finally, the proposed methodology was applied to evaluate the GHG emission of a 100% penetration of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and various electric and conventional vehicles composition scenarios. In terms of life cycle impacts, BEVs are the vehicles with the highest GHG emissions at the vehicle level (construction + maintenance + end-of-life processes) that are, on average, 20% higher than internal combustion engine vehicles, and 6.5% higher than hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Nevertheless, a 100% BEVs penetration scenario generates a reduction of the environmental impact at the mobility system level of about 65%.

scholarly journals Vehicle-In-The-Loop (VIL) and Scenario-In-The-Loop (SCIL) Automotive Simulation Concepts from the Perspectives of Traffic Simulation and Traffic Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Tamás Horváth ◽  
Qiong Lu ◽  
Tamás Tettamanti ◽  
Árpád Török ◽  
Zsolt Szalay
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Hybrid Concept ◽  
Real Traffic

Abstract As highly automated and autonomous vehicles (AVs) become more and more widespread, inducing the change of traffic dynamics, significant changes occur in traditional traffic control. So far, automotive testing has been done mostly in real-world or pure virtual simulation environment. However, this practice is quite obsolete as testing in real traffic conditions can be quite costly, moreover purely simulation based testing might be inadequate for specific goals. Accordingly, a hybrid concept of the Vehicle-inthe-Loop (ViL) was born recently, in accordance with the Hardware-in-the-Loop concept, i.e. in the ViL concept the vehicle is the 'hardware' within the simulation loop. Furthermore, due to the development of software capabilities, a novel approach, the Scenarioin-the-Loop (SciL) concept evolves based on the ViL approach. The paper defines the main purposes and conditions related to implementing ViL and SciL concepts from the perspective of traffic simulation and traffic control.

Autonomous Vehicles in the Mobility System

2020 ◽  
pp. 500-514
Author(s):  
Thilo von Pape
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Collective Control ◽  
System P ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transportation Technologies

This chapter discusses how autonomous vehicles (AVs) may interact with our evolving mobility system and what they mean for mobile communication research. It juxtaposes a conceptualization of AVs as manifestations of automation and artificial intelligence with an analysis of our mobility system as a historically grown hybrid of communication and transportation technologies. Since the emergence of railroad and telegraph, this system has evolved on two layers: an underlying infrastructure to power and coordinate the movements of objects, people, and ideas in industrially scaled speeds, volumes, and complexity and an interface to seamlessly access this infrastructure and control it. AVs are poised to further enhance the seamlessness which mobile phones and cars already lent to mobility. But in assuming increasingly sophisticated control tasks, AVs also disrupt an established shift toward individual control, demanding new interfaces to enable higher levels of individual and collective control over the mobility infrastructure.

scholarly journals Cybersafety Approach to Cybersecurity Analysis and Mitigation for Mobility-as-a-Service and Internet of Vehicles

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Chee Wei Lee ◽  
Stuart Madnick
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Software Updates ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Convergence Of Technologies

Urban mobility is in the midst of a revolution, driven by the convergence of technologies such as artificial intelligence, on-demand ride services, and Internet-connected and self-driving vehicles. Technological advancements often lead to new hazards. Coupled with the increased levels of automation and connectivity in the new generation of autonomous vehicles, cybersecurity is emerging as a key threat affecting these vehicles. Traditional hazard analysis methods treat safety and security in isolation and are limited in their ability to account for interactions among organizational, sociotechnical, human, and technical components. In response to these challenges, the cybersafety method, based on System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA and STPA-Sec), was developed to meet the growing need to holistically analyze complex sociotechnical systems. We applied cybersafety to coanalyze safety and security hazards, as well as identify mitigation requirements. The results were compared with another promising method known as Combined Harm Analysis of Safety and Security for Information Systems (CHASSIS). Both methods were applied to the Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and Internet of Vehicles (IoV) use cases, focusing on over-the-air software updates feature. Overall, cybersafety identified additional hazards and more effective requirements compared to CHASSIS. In particular, cybersafety demonstrated the ability to identify hazards due to unsafe/unsecure interactions among sociotechnical components. This research also suggested using CHASSIS methods for information lifecycle analysis to complement and generate additional considerations for cybersafety. Finally, results from both methods were backtested against a past cyber hack on a vehicular system, and we found that recommendations from cybersafety were likely to mitigate the risks of the incident.

Investigating the Effects of Reserved Lanes for Autonomous Vehicles on Congestion and Travel Time Reliability

2017 ◽  
Vol 2622 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Talebpour ◽  
Hani S. Mahmassani ◽  
Amr Elfar
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
System Level ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Mandatory Use ◽  
Daily Travel

Autonomous vehicles are expected to influence daily travel significantly. Despite autonomous vehicles’ potential to enhance safety and to reduce congestion, energy consumption, and emissions, many studies suggest that the system-level effects will be minimal at low market penetration rates. Introducing reserved lanes for autonomous vehicles is one potential approach to address this limitation because these lanes increase autonomous vehicles’ density. However, preventing regular vehicles from using specific lanes can significantly increase congestion in other lanes. Accordingly, this study explored the potential effects of reserving one lane for autonomous vehicles on traffic flow dynamics and travel time reliability. A two-lane hypothetical segment with an on-ramp and a four-lane highway segment in Chicago, Illinois, was simulated under different market penetration rates of autonomous vehicles. Three strategies were evaluated: ( a) mandatory use of the reserved lane by autonomous vehicles, ( b) optional use of the reserved lane by autonomous vehicles, and (c) limiting autonomous vehicles to operate autonomously in the reserved lane. Policies based on combinations of these strategies were simulated. It was found that optional use of the reserved lane without any limitation on the type of operation could improve congestion and could reduce the scatter in a fundamental diagram. Throughput analysis showed the potential benefit of reserving a lane for autonomous vehicles at market penetration rates of more than 50% for the two-lane highway and 30% for the four-lane highway. Travel time reliability analysis revealed that the optional use of the reserved lane was also significantly beneficial.

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