scholarly journals In-situ estimation of non-regulated pollutant emission factors in an urban area of Nantes, France, with fleet composition characterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Simon Martinet ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Liliane Jean-Soro ◽  
Mathieu Goriaux ◽  
Michel André
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Fleet Composition

Fish Processing Wastewater: Emission Factors and High Load Trickling Filters Evaluation

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Battistoni ◽  
G. Fava ◽  
A. Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Cross Flow ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Kinetic Reaction ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Frozen Fish

An Italian seafood factory processing frozen fish and fresh clams was investigated. Specific water consumption (SC) and pollutant emission factors (EF) are evaluated. Results evidence high SC values, in the range 18-74 1/Kg, due to defrost and extensive washing and cleaning practised; EFs appear high although not directly comparable with data reported by other authors. Two high-rate trickling filters, cross flow (CF) and vertical flow (VF), are examined over a two years period. Results suggest a pseudo half-order kinetic reaction with a superior performance of CF plastic media. From the elaboration of the experimental data a semiempirical correlation between specific surface removal (SSR) and operative parameters is obtained.

Spatially Resolved Emission Factors to Reduce Uncertainties in Air Pollutant Emission Estimates from the Residential Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 4483-4493
Author(s):  
Xinlei Liu ◽  
Guofeng Shen ◽  
Laiguo Chen ◽  
Zhe Qian ◽  
Ningning Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Spatially Resolved

scholarly journals Mutagenicity and Pollutant Emission Factors of Solid-Fuel Cookstoves: Comparison with Other Combustion Sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 974-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Mutlu ◽  
Sarah H. Warren ◽  
Seth M. Ebersviller ◽  
Ingeborg M. Kooter ◽  
Judith E. Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Combustion Sources

scholarly journals Study on the Annual Reduction Rate of Vehicle Emission Factors for Carbon Monoxide: A Case Study of Urban Road Tunnels in Shenzhen, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Jianxun Chen ◽  
Yanbin Luo ◽  
Zhou Shi ◽  
Xiang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
Co Emission

Environmental pollution and energy conservation in urban tunnels have become important issues that affect the scientific design and sustainable development of urban tunnels. The carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in urban road tunnels is regarded as a direct reflection and a useful tracer of the intensity of anthropogenic transportation activities. Previous studies in recent years have paid more attention to pollutant emission factors, but less to the calculation parameters of ventilation design for tunnels. This paper aims to study a reasonable annual reduction rate of CO base emission factors. Therefore, a detailed field measurement was carried out in the four typical urban road tunnels, Henglongshan Tunnel, Cejiexian Tunnel, Jiuweiling Tunnel, and Dameisha Tunnel in Shenzhen, China, from March 29 to September 16, 2014. Measurement results showed that the traffic flow of the four urban tunnels had been approaching the design value, or even beyond the limit. The average daily air velocities in the four tunnels were all within 5 m/s, whereas the maximum air velocity had exceeded the limit of 10 m/s. The CO concentrations in Henglongshan Tunnel, Cejiexian Tunnel, Jiuweiling Tunnel, and Dameisha Tunnel were 17 ppm, 7 ppm, 39 ppm, and 8 ppm, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the average CO emission factors of Henglongshan Tunnel, Cejiexian Tunnel, Jiuweiling Tunnel, and Dameisha Tunnel were 1.075 g/(km·veh), 1.245 g/(km·veh), 4.154 g/(km·veh), and 1.739 g/(km·veh), respectively. Based on the statistical data, the CO emission factors of mixed traffic and passenger cars decrease by an average of 16.4% and 33.3%, respectively, per year through the regression method and by an average of 17.4% and 29.0%, respectively, per year through the extremum method. Finally, when considering the safety factor of 20%, it is more reasonable for the CO base emission to adopt 4% as an annual reduction rate for ventilation design in urban tunnels.

scholarly journals Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan You ◽  
Ralf M. Staebler ◽  
Samar G. Moussa ◽  
Yushan Su ◽  
Tony Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Air Quality Forecast ◽  
Traffic Volumes

Abstract. Traffic emissions contribute significantly to urban air pollution. Measurements were conducted over Highway 401 in Toronto, Canada, with a long-path Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometer (FTIR) combined with a suite of micrometeorological instruments, to identify and quantify a range of air pollutants. Results were compared with simultaneous in-situ observations at a roadside monitoring station, and with output from a special version of the operational Canadian air quality forecast model (GEM-MACH). Elevated mixing ratios of ammonia (0–23 ppb) were observed, of which 76 % were associated with traffic emissions. Hydrogen cyanide was identified at mixing ratios between 0 and 4 ppb. Using a simple dispersion model, an integrated emission factor of on average 2.6 g km−1 carbon monoxide was calculated for this defined section of Highway 401, which agreed well with estimates based on vehicular emission factors and observed traffic volumes. Based on the same dispersion calculations, vehicular average emission factors of 0.04, 0.36 and 0.15 g km−1 were calculated for ammonia, nitrogen oxide, and methanol respectively.

Estimation on LTO Cycle Emissions from Aircrafts at Civil Airports

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Hua Sheng Xu ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Shun Li Sun ◽  
Dong Bo Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Fleet Composition ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Engine Emission

A calculation method on pollutant emission inventory is established based on the standard LTO cycle of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) by analyzing the factors influencing aircraft engine emissions at civil aviation airports. For a certain airport in China, the emissions of HC, CO, NOx and SO2per hour for a whole day from the aircraft engines are calculated, and the variations of various pollutant emissions with time are analyzed based on the air traffic data, the civil aviation fleet composition, the flight detailed take-off and landing information at the airport, and ICAO engine emission data bank. It’s found that the variations of the pollutant emissions with time are different, in which, the emissions of HC and CO are significantly influenced by the frequency of flight arrival at airport, however, the emission of NOx is influenced by the frequency of flight departure from airport greatly, and the emission of SO2is influenced by the total frequency of flight arrival at and departure from airport comprehensively. For solving the problem of local high-emission time, some solutions are suggested, such as equipping aircrafts with low-emission engines or optimizing the flight schedule.

scholarly journals Air pollutant emission factors from new and in-use motorcycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (28) ◽  
pp. 4747-4754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiun-Horng Tsai ◽  
Yih-Chyun Hsu ◽  
Hung-Cheng Weng ◽  
Wen-Yinn Lin ◽  
Fu-Tien Jeng
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission

scholarly journals Estimation of ship emission rates at a major shipping lane by long path DOAS measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Krause ◽  
Folkard Wittrock ◽  
Andreas Richter ◽  
Stefan Schmitt ◽  
Denis Pöhler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
Gaussian Plume ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Ship Emission

Abstract. Ships are an important source of SO2 and NOx, which are key parameters of air quality. Monitoring of ship emissions is usually carried out using in situ instruments on land, which depend on favourable wind conditions to transport the emitted substances to the measurement site. Remote sensing techniques such as long path DOAS (LP-DOAS) measurements can supplement those measurements, especially in unfavourable meteorological conditions. In this study one year of LP-DOAS measurements made across the river Elbe close to Hamburg (Germany) have been evaluated. Peaks (i.e. elevated concentrations) in the NO2 and SO2 time series were assigned to passing ships and a method to derive emission rates of SO2, NO2 and NOx from those measurements using a Gaussian plume model is presented. 7402 individual ship passages have been monitored and their respective NOx, SO2 and NO2 emission rates have been derived. The emission rates, coupled with the knowledge of the ship type, ship size and ship speed have been analysed. Emission rates are compared to emission factors from previous studies and show good agreement. In contrast to emission factors (in gram per kilogram fuel) the derived emission rates (in gram per second) do not need further knowledge about the fuel consumption of the ship. To our knowledge this is the first time emission rates of air pollutants from individual ships have been derived from LP-DOAS measurements.

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