Estimation on LTO Cycle Emissions from Aircrafts at Civil Airports

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Hua Sheng Xu ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Shun Li Sun ◽  
Dong Bo Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Fleet Composition ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Engine Emission

A calculation method on pollutant emission inventory is established based on the standard LTO cycle of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) by analyzing the factors influencing aircraft engine emissions at civil aviation airports. For a certain airport in China, the emissions of HC, CO, NOx and SO2per hour for a whole day from the aircraft engines are calculated, and the variations of various pollutant emissions with time are analyzed based on the air traffic data, the civil aviation fleet composition, the flight detailed take-off and landing information at the airport, and ICAO engine emission data bank. It’s found that the variations of the pollutant emissions with time are different, in which, the emissions of HC and CO are significantly influenced by the frequency of flight arrival at airport, however, the emission of NOx is influenced by the frequency of flight departure from airport greatly, and the emission of SO2is influenced by the total frequency of flight arrival at and departure from airport comprehensively. For solving the problem of local high-emission time, some solutions are suggested, such as equipping aircrafts with low-emission engines or optimizing the flight schedule.

Passenger aircraft emissions analysis at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey in 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Engine Emission ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the pollutant gas produced by hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the quantity of fuel burned from commercial aircraft at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey during the landing and take-off (LTO) cycles in 2017. Design/methodology/approach The flight data recorded by the General Directorate of State Airports Authority and the aircraft engine emission data from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Engine Exhaust Emission Databank were used for calculation. The aircraft and engine types used by the airlines for flight at Ordu-Giresun International Airport were determined. To evaluate the effect of taxi time on emission amounts, analysis and evaluations were made by taking different taxi times into consideration. Findings As a result of the emission analysis, the amount of fuel consumed by the aircraft were calculated as 6,551.52 t/y, and the emission amounts for CO, HC and NOx were estimated as 66.81, 4.20 and 79.97 t/y, respectively. Practical implications This study is aimed to reveal the effect and contribution of taxi time on the emitted emission at the airport during the LTO phase of the aircraft. Originality/value This study helps aviation authorities explain the importance of developing procedures that ensure the delivery of aircraft to flights in minimum time by raising awareness of the impact of taxi time on emitted emissions, and contributes to the determination of an aircraft emission inventory at Ordu-Giresun International Airport.

scholarly journals Estimating Emissions of Harmful Exhaust Components by Aircraft Engines During the Takeoff and Landing Cycle in Airport Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Paweł Głowacki ◽  
Piotr Kalina ◽  
Michal Kawalec
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Engine Emission

Abstract This article examines, based on the available information and authors’ self-assessments, the environmental impact of turbine engine exhaust gases effect on the environment in the airport space during engines flight phases in the landing and takeoff cycle (LTO). The attention of aviation professionals is drawn to the fact that the amount of exhaust from the turbine engine is so significant that it may adversely change the ambient air at the airport. Consequently, increased emission level of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) during engine start-up and idle may pose a threat to the health of ramp staff. Also, high emission levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during takeoff, climb, cruise and descent is not without importance for the environment around the airport space. The paper gives CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission estimations based on ICAO Engine Emission Data Bank and the number of passenger operations at a medium-sized airport. It also provides calculation results of aircraft CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission using average times of aircraft maneuvers taken from aircraft Flight Data Recorder (FDR) in the LTO cycle various aircraft types at the airport. The latter, based on actual maneuvering times, lead to significantly reduced estimates of toxic exhaust gas emission volumes.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact and External Costs Associated with Hub-and-Spoke Network in Air Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Sun ◽  
Yong Tian ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Can Xu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Hub And Spoke ◽  
City Network

Under the background of economic globalization, the air transport industry developed rapidly. It turns out that the city-to-city network has not been able to adapt well to the development of the society, and the hub-and-spoke network came into being. The hub-and-spoke network demonstrates the advantages of reducing the operating costs of airlines to keep a competitive advantage, and by maintaining the interests of airlines in the rapidly developing context. However, during the operation of aircrafts, they consume fuel and spew a great deal of harmful pollutants into the air, which has an adverse impact on the living environment. This paper explores the impact and external costs associated with hub-and-spoke network in air transport from an environmental perspective. With some mathematical models, we construct a hub-and-spoke network and take a quantitative study on the environmental impact of air transport. For calculating pollutant emissions, meteorological conditions were considered to revise the pollutant emission factors of the Engine Emissions Data Base (EEDB) published by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The environmental external costs measurement model is employed to calculate the externality of toxic gas and greenhouse gas (GHG). In order to make the study more convincing, two alternative networks are computed: hub-and-spoke network and city-to-city network. It is found that the hub-and-spoke network is associated with poorer environmental impact and environmental external costs because of the different network characteristics and the scale of the fleets. Therefore, under the general trend of green aviation, the environmental impact and environmental external costs associated with hub-and-spoke network in air transport provides a certain reference for airlines’ strategic decision-making.

scholarly journals The assessment of commercial flights emissions at Ordu-Giresun Airport, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
I. Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Engine Emission

Ordu-Giresun International Airport is Turkey’s first and world’s second airport built on the sea. This study provides the pollutant gas emitted from aircraft with carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) during landing and take-off cycles in Ordu-Giresun International Airport in 2015. It also presents the fuel burnt. For emission calculation, ICAO’s database for aircraft engine emission data and General Directorate of State Airports Authority’s database for flight records were used. In the calculations, a sensitivity analysis was made by taking into consideration the aircraft types and engine types used by the airline companies on the flights to Ordu-Giresun International Airport.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urban Expansion and Pollutant Emissions in Fujian Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Zhao ◽  
Guanpeng Dong ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Emissions Intensity ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Urbanization processes at both global and regional scales are taking place at an unprecedent pace, leading to more than half of the global population living in urbanized areas. This process could exert grand challenges on the human living environment. With the proliferation of remote sensing and satellite data being used in social and environmental studies, fine spatial- and temporal-resolution measures of urban expansion and environmental quality are increasingly available. This, in turn, offers great opportunities to uncover the potential environmental impacts of fast urban expansion. This paper investigated the relationship between urban expansion and pollutant emissions in the Fujian province of China by building a Bayesian spatio-temporal autoregressive model. It drew upon recently compiled pollutant emission data with fine spatio-temporal resolution, long temporal coverage, and multiple sources of remote sensing data. Our results suggest that there was a significant relationship between urban expansion and pollution emission intensity—urban expansion significantly elevated the PM2.5 and NOx emissions intensity in Fujian province during 1995–2015. This finding was robust to different measures of urban expansion and retained after controlling for potential confounding effects. The temporal evolution of pollutant emissions, net of covariate effects, presented a fluctuation pattern rather than a consistent trend of increasing or decreasing. Spatial variability of the pollutant emissions intensity among counties was, however, decreasing steadily with time.

scholarly journals Aircraft air pollutant emissions in Greek airports

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Fleet Composition

During recent years special attention has been paid to various environmental impacts from aircraft emissions. The effects become more important considering the present situation in the air traffic sector and future expectations for higher air travel demands. In this paper the evolution of aircraft air pollutant emissions in Greek airports from 1980 to 2005 is analysed. The estimation of emissions, based on the EMEP/CORINAIR methodology, takes into account all flight categories (domestic, international, scheduled, charters) and all aircraft types used in civil aviation in Greece. Emissions are estimated for Landing and Take Off (LTO) cycles. Estimations cover 38 airports used by civil aviation and show a high increase of emissions, which followed the high increase of air traffic in all Greek airports. Total flights increased by 2.4 times from 1980 to 2006. Athens airport has the higher contribution to total air traffic, as well in total emissions, but with decreasing trend (59.0% in 1980 - 42.2% in 2005). Thessaloniki and Iraklion airports follow with increasing share (6.3 - 11.7% and 6.8 - 9.8% respectively). Changes in aircraft fleet composition together with changes of each airport contribution in total civil aviation traffic influenced the increase rates of each air pollutant. NOx emissions showed higher increase rates than air traffic, while VOC and CO emissions showed lower increase rates. Average per flight emissions from 1980 to 2005 have shown increased trend for NOx, decreased trend for VOC and CO and almost stable per flight emissions for SO2 and PM2.5.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Rating System for Pollutant Emission Reduction of Asphalt Mixture

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaohui Wang ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Qiang Joshua Li ◽  
Xiaolong Sun ◽  
Zhenxia Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Ranking Systems ◽  
Pollutant Reduction

This study presents a comprehensive pollutant reduction rating system for hot mix asphalt (HMA) with three Level I indices and ten Level II indices, covering various aspects in HMA pollutant emissions, energy consumption, and exhausts from construction equipment. The pollutant emission reduction effects are investigated not only in the laboratory for modified asphalt mixtures with various mixture gradation and binder types but also in the field for several warm mix asphalt (WMA) projects. Furthermore, energy consumption and emission data during pavement construction are obtained from 58 in situ highway projects in 10 provinces of China. Based on the hierarchical clustering method and Bayesian discriminant analysis, individual ranking systems are developed to quantify pollutant emission reduction effects and energy consumption. Subsequently, a comprehensive reduction rating system is established based on the analytic hierarchy process and approximation methods. A case study is demonstrated to implement the proposed system for the assessment of emission reduction effects.

scholarly journals Calculation and Analysis of Aircraft Pollutant Emission Based on Time Wake Separation Mode under Coastal Airport and Headwind Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pan Wei-Jun ◽  
Zhang Heng-Heng ◽  
Zhang Xiao-Lei ◽  
Wu Tian-Yi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Time Separation ◽  
Final Approach

During the final approach, the headwind leads to a reduction of landing rate, which affects the achieved capacity and the predictability of operation, time, fuel efficiency, and environmental pollution. Under headwind conditions, ground speed decrease results in increased flight time. Time-based separation (TBS) changes the separation rule of the final approach, which changes the distance separation between two aircrafts into a time separation. This paper introduces the time-based separation (TBS) based on the distance-based separation (DBS). According to the aircraft landing schedule of each airport, the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) aircraft engine emission database, Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2), and meteorological data of Pu-dong airport, this study uses the modified P3-T3 aviation pollutant emission model to calculate, respectively, the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions based on distance separation mode and time separation mode. According to the calculation results, TBS operation mode can save 32.52%, 19.12%, and 30.41% fuel, reduce 28.93%, 17.9%, and 29.29% CO, 31.02%, 19.36%, and 33.78% HC, 30.85%, 16.42%, and 28.67% NOx, respectively, compared with the DBS operation mode at three stages of the day. It ends that TBS has an obvious optimization effect on fuel consumption and pollutant emission compared with DBS from data.

On the Prediction of Pollutant Emission Indices From Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc LaViolette ◽  
Ruben Perez
Keyword(s):  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Engine Emission ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Engine Development

This paper surveys existing emissions models used in the prediction of NOx. The prediction of jet engine emission indices from fundamental principles have proven to be difficult due to the complex physical and chemical interactions occurring within their combustion chambers. Present day prediction of engine emission indices during engine development relies on published models, which are based on limited sets of data measured on older combustion chambers where minimizing pollutant emissions was not a major design criteria. Such empirical and semi-empirical models can, however, provide upper emission limits for new engine designs. A database comprising a wider range of experimental data (over 2000 measured points) taken from the literature was used to test the models. Advanced techniques were applied to optimize the coefficients of proportionality of governing equations of the best models in the literature. Most models tend to consistently over or under predict the measured values. In most cases, even though the standard deviation of the predicted values was not reduced, the correlation error was improved by removing this bias.

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