Will pedestrians cross the road before an automated vehicle? The effect of drivers’ attentiveness and presence on pedestrians’ road crossing behavior

Data on the daily activity of private cars form the basis of many studies in the field of transportation engineering. In the past, in order to obtain such data, a large number of collection techniques based on travel diaries and driver interviews were used. Telematics applied to vehicles and to a broad range of economic activities has opened up new opportunities for transportation engineers, allowing a significant increase in the volume and detail level of data collected. One of the options for obtaining information on the daily activity of private cars now consists of processing data from automated vehicle monitoring (AVM). Therefore, in this context, and in order to explore the opportunity offered by telematics, this paper presents a methodology for obtaining origin–destination flows through basic info extracted from AVM/floating car data (FCD). Then, the benefits of such a procedure are evaluated through its implementation in a real test case, i.e., the Veneto region in northern Italy where full-day AVM/FCD data were available with about 30,000 vehicles surveyed and more than 388,000 trips identified. Then, the goodness of the proposed methodology for O-D flow estimation is validated through assignment to the road network and comparison with traffic count data. Taking into account aspects of vehicle-sampling observations, this paper also points out issues related to sample representativeness, both in terms of daily activities and spatial coverage. A preliminary descriptive analysis of the O-D flows was carried out, and the analysis of the revealed trip patterns is presented.

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Study of efficiency pedestrian bridge crossing in the road of Pangerang Antasari, Banjarmasin

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201818106009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 181 ◽

pp. 06009

Author(s):

Hari Nukta Ramadani ◽

Hudan Rahmani ◽

Akhmad Gazali

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accident ◽

Survey Method ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Pedestrian Bridge ◽

The Road ◽

Busy Time ◽

Bridge Crossing ◽

Road Crossing

You Pedestrians are one of the highest traffic accident objects. Several ways are used to reduce the number of accidents, among others by providing road crossing facilities, such as zebra cross and pedestrian bridge crossing. Unfortunately, the utilization of such facilities, especially pedestrian bridge crossing is still very less. This condition raises the need to identify efficiency use the pedestrian bridge crossing. The study location is a pedestrian bridge crossing in the road of Pangeran Antasari, Banjarmasin City. The studies method used are survey method and analysis method. The analysis shows that pedestrian percentage that doesn’t use pedestrian bridge crossing is very big, that is 87% at busy time and 88% at not busy time. The solution to increase the use of pedestrian bridge crossing is by install a curb railing fence on both sides of the road (about 200 m).

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Why didn't the lizard cross the road? Dunes sagebrush lizards exhibit road-avoidance behaviour

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr16184 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 194 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Toby J. Hibbitts ◽

Lee A. Fitzgerald ◽

Danielle K. Walkup ◽

Wade A. Ryberg

Keyword(s):

Avoidance Behaviour ◽

Circular Statistics ◽

Demographic Stochasticity ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

The Road ◽

Road Effects ◽

Animal Populations ◽

The Impact ◽

Road Crossing

Context Research has shown many negative effects of roads and traffic on wildlife and other biodiversity. The direct and indirect mechanisms through which roads and traffic harm animal populations vary across taxa, making mitigation of road effects a great challenge for conservation. As such, a large toolkit of species-specific management techniques may be needed to mitigate the negative effects of roads for wildlife and other biodiversity. The dunes sagebrush lizard, Sceloporus arenicolus, is a psammophilic (sand-loving) habitat specialist endemic to the Mescalero–Monahans Sandhills ecosystem of New Mexico and Texas. Within this ecosystem, roads fragment shinnery oak sand-dune landforms occupied by the species. Aims In the present study, we conducted behaviour trials in experimental enclosures to test whether the smallest roads restrict movements of the dunes sagebrush lizard. In addition, we also conducted trials to evaluate whether a sand-filled wildlife-crossing feature could facilitate road crossing. Methods We conducted behavioural trials on 24 dunes sagebrush lizards in our control enclosure and 22 lizards in our road and sand-filled wildlife-crossing enclosure. Movements were recorded for 15min. The final locations at the end of each trial were analysed using circular statistics to determine whether movements in the road or the sand-filled wildlife-crossing enclosures were different from the control. Key results Our results supported the hypotheses that dunes sagebrush lizards avoid roads and do so according to a surface-avoidance mechanism. We also found that the wildlife crossing-feature design tested here had no effect on the movements or road-crossing frequency of dunes sagebrush lizard. Conclusions Surface-avoidance behaviour indicated that roads will persistently affect the movements of dunes sagebrush lizard, even when traffic is not present. Also, more research into an effective wildlife crossing is needed to increase connectivity of fragmented populations. Implications These findings help evaluate the impact of roads in creating isolated populations that experience increased demographic stochasticity and, in some instances, localised extirpation in this species. Our study can guide conservation plans for the dunes sagebrush lizard, and contribute to our understanding of road effects on biodiversity in general.

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How Does Crossing Roads with Friends Impact Risk Taking in Young Adolescents and Adults?

Journal of Pediatric Psychology ◽

10.1093/jpepsy/jsz020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 726-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elizabeth E O’Neal ◽

Yuanyuan Jiang ◽

Kathryne Brown ◽

Joseph K Kearney ◽

Jodie M Plumert

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Road Safety ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Peer Influences ◽

Young Adolescents ◽

Movement Timing ◽

The Road ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Impact Risk ◽

Road Crossing

Abstract Objective The goal of this investigation was to examine how crossing roads with a friend versus alone affects gap decisions and movement timing in young adolescents and adults. Methods Ninety-six 12-year-olds and adults physically crossed a single lane of continuous traffic in an immersive pedestrian simulator. Participants completed 30 crossings either with a friend or alone. Participants were instructed to cross the road without being hit by a car, but friend pairs were not instructed to cross together. Results Pairs of adolescent friends exhibited riskier road-crossing behavior than pairs of adult friends. For gaps crossed together, adult pairs were more discriminating in their gap choices than adult solo crossers, crossing fewer of the smaller gaps and more of the larger gaps. This pattern did not hold for 12-year-old pairs compared to 12-year-old solo crossers. To compensate for their less discriminating gap choices, pairs of 12-year-olds adjusted their movement timing by entering and crossing the road more quickly. For gaps crossed separately, both adult and 12-year-old first crossers chose smaller gaps than second crossers. Unlike adults, 12-year-old first crossers were significantly less discriminating in their gap choices than 12-year-old second crossers. Conclusions Compared to adults, young adolescents took riskier gaps in traffic when crossing virtual roads with a friend than when crossing alone. Given that young adolescents often cross roads together in everyday life, peer influences may pose a significant risk to road safety in early adolescence.

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High precision and high resolution monitoring of subsurface changes with DAS and airgun

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10096 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Baoshan Wang ◽

Xiangfang Zeng ◽

Jun Yang ◽

Yuansheng Zhang ◽

Zhenghong Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Epicentral Distance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fiber Optic Cable ◽

The Road ◽

Air Gun ◽

Distributed Acoustic Sensing ◽

On The Road ◽

Road Crossing

<p>Recently large-volume airgun arrays have been used to explore and monitor the subsurface structure. The airgun array can generate highly repeatable seismic signals, which can be traced to more than 200 km. And the airgun source can be ignited every 10 minutes. The airgun source makes it possible to precisely monitor subsurface changes at large scale. The spatial resolution of airgun monitoring is poor subjecting to the receiver distribution. The distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technique provides a strategy for low-cost and high-density seismic observations. Two experiments combing DAS technique and airgun source were conducted at two sites with different settings. At the first site, a telecommunication fiber-optic cable in urban area was used. After moderate stacking, the airgun signal emerges on the 30-km DAS array at about 9 km epicentral distance. In the second experiment, a 5-km cable was deployed from the airgun source to about 2 km away. About 800-m cable was frozen into the ice above the air-gun, the rest cable was cemented on the road crossing through a fault. And the airgun has been fired continuously for more than 48 hours with one-hour interval. On the stacking multiple shots&#8217; records, the wavefield in fault zone emerges too. These two experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using various fiber-optic cables as dense array to acquire air-gun signal in different environments and to monitor the subsurface changes.</p>

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Collective behaviour of wild Asian elephants in risky situations: how do social groups cross roads?

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/1568539x-00003465 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 154 (12) ◽

pp. 1215-1237 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kaori Mizuno ◽

Nachiketha Sharma ◽

Gen’ichi Idani ◽

Raman Sukumar

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Group Living ◽

Age Classes ◽

Asian Elephants ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Characteristics ◽

Group Members ◽

On The Road ◽

Free Ranging ◽

Road Crossing

Among group-living animals, some members may derive benefit by following the decisions of other members. Free-ranging wild Asian elephants in Mudumalai National Park, southern India, must often cross roads and can be disturbed by vehicles. We assessed if measures of road and traffic characteristics serve as indicators of risk, and compared behaviours of different age classes during road-crossing events. More individuals displayed excitable behaviour on wider roads. A larger number of adults entered the road first, which is considered the most dangerous position, compared with immature elephants. Immature individuals tended to move ahead of others on the road, suggesting that it is more important for immature individuals to follow adults at the beginning of a crossing than to follow along for the entire crossing. These findings may suggest that less experienced group members derive benefit by following the decisions of experienced ones under risky situations.

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Individuals matter: predicting koala road crossing behaviour in south-east Queensland

Australian Mammalogy ◽

10.1071/am16043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. E. Dexter ◽

R. G. Appleby ◽

J. Scott ◽

J. P. Edgar ◽

D. N. Jones

Keyword(s):

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Urban Landscapes ◽

Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽

The Road ◽

Crossing Structures ◽

Dramatic Decline ◽

Road Mitigation ◽

The Impact ◽

Road Crossing

The ability to predict the frequency with which koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) cross roads is an important step in developing mitigation strategies aimed at maintaining metapopulation viability for this species. In south-east Queensland, Australia, rapid urban development, including fragmentation and vehicle-related mortality, has contributed to a dramatic decline in local koala populations. Assessment of wildlife crossing structures that mitigates the impact of roads demonstrates these to be beneficial for many species. However, building enough structures to enable animals to move freely across impacted landscapes may be prohibitive in complex urban landscapes. The focus for this study was to consider the role of differing characteristics for species at risk. We examined the frequency of road crossings by individual koalas among six subpopulations in south-east Queensland. We explored the influence of potential predictor variables including: age, sex, and distance from roads. We established that road crossings were limited to a subset of individuals, with only 18 of 51 (~35%) koalas studied ever crossing a road. We found that koalas were disproportionately more likely to cross a road if they had initially been found within a distance of 100 m of that road. Males were more likely to cross roads than females, as were koalas aged less than five years. We suggest that successful wildlife road mitigation can be improved by better understanding the road-crossing behaviour of species such as the koala.

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Lack of detectable genetic differentiation between den populations of the Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalusviridis) in a fragmented landscape

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2014-0025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 92 (10) ◽

pp. 837-846 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. Weyer ◽

D. Jørgensen ◽

T. Schmitt ◽

T.J. Maxwell ◽

C.D. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Null Alleles ◽

Fragmented Landscape ◽

Clustering Methods ◽

Effective Population ◽

Long Distance ◽

Population Genetic Analysis ◽

The Road ◽

Crotalus Viridis ◽

Genetic Clustering ◽

Road Crossing

Numerous studies have reported genetic fragmentation of species whose habitat has been modified by roads and other anthropogenic features, but it is still not clear how most species respond to roads and whether genetic effects can be detected over a limited number of generations. We used road-crossing models and population genetic analysis (based on microsatellite loci) to make inferences about functional connectivity between populations of the Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis (Rafinesque, 1818)) on opposite sides of the Trans-Canada Highway near Medicine Hat (Alberta, Canada). The road-crossing model predicted a high probability of mortality while crossing the Trans-Canada Highway. However, model-based genetic clustering methods (STRUCTURE and BAPS) did not detect structure; a nonmodel-based clustering method (DAPC) found structure, but most groups consisted of individuals captured throughout the study area. Estimates of effective population size were immeasurably large and power to detect genic differentiation was diminished if the effective size exceeded 500; this reduction in power was intensified when the number of loci was reduced (from eight to five to account for null alleles). Our results corroborate accounts of long-distance migration by this species and indicate that genetic fragmentation may not be easily detectable over this spatial and temporal scale.

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The Via Egnatia (Albania) Project and the bridge at Topçias

Journal of Roman Archaeology ◽

10.1017/s1047759400020018 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 381-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Grazia Amore ◽

Lorenc Bejko ◽

Ylli Cerova ◽

Ilir Gjipali

Keyword(s):

Limited Attention ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Half Century ◽

Modern Times ◽

The Road ◽

Road Crossing

The Via Egnatia has attracted limited attention over the last half-century. The ancient road, crossing Albania between Durrës (Dyrrachium) and Qafe Thane, was one of the major thoroughfares of antiquity, and it remained in use until modern times. This brief report describes the work of the new Albanian Rescue Archaeology Unit, working in collaboration with the Institute of Archaeology of Albania, in an attempt to document parts of the road which may be threatened by infrastructure development.The survey was organised during April and May 2000 and involved both systematically walking the line followed by the Via Egnatia and visiting sites of different periods that developed along it. During the first season, our survey concentrated upon the area between Bradashesh (identified as themutatio Ad Quintumof the Roman itineraries), near Elbasan, and Qukës (mutatio In Tabernasof theItinerarium Burdigalense, orTrès Tabernaeof the Antonine Itinerary) (fig. 1).

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Investigating the Impacts of Road Traffic Conditions and Driver’s Characteristics on Automated Vehicle Takeover Time and Quality Using a Driving Simulator

Journal of Advanced Transportation ◽

10.1155/2021/8859553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Jaehyun Jason So ◽

Sungho Park ◽

Jonghwa Kim ◽

Jejin Park ◽

Ilsoo Yun

Keyword(s):

Driving Simulator ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Vehicle Control ◽

Automated Vehicles ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Automated Vehicle ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

Vehicle System ◽

Driver’S Characteristics

This study investigates the impacts of road traffic conditions and driver’s characteristics on the takeover time in automated vehicles using a driving simulator. Automated vehicles are barely expected to maintain their fully automated driving capability at all times based on the current technologies, and the automated vehicle system transfers the vehicle control to a driver when the system can no longer be automatically operated. The takeover time is the duration from when the driver requested the vehicle control transition from the automated vehicle system to when the driver takes full control of the vehicle. This study assumes that the takeover time can vary according to the driver’s characteristics and the road traffic conditions; the assessment is undertaken with various participants having different characteristics in various traffic volume conditions and road geometry conditions. To this end, 25 km of the northbound road section between Osan Interchange and Dongtan Junction on Gyeongbu Expressway in Korea is modeled in the driving simulator; the experiment participants are asked to drive the vehicle and take a response following a certain triggering event in the virtual driving environment. The results showed that the level of service and road curvature do not affect the takeover time itself, but they significantly affect the stabilization time, that is, a duration for a driver to become stable and recover to a normal state. Furthermore, age affected the takeover time, indicating that aged drivers are likely to slowly respond to a certain takeover situation, compared to the younger drivers. With these findings, this study emphasizes the importance of having effective countermeasures and driver interface to monitor drivers in the automated vehicle system; therefore, an early and effective alarm system to alert drivers for the vehicle takeover can secure enough time for stable recovery to manual driving and ultimately to achieve safety during the takeover.

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