An evaluation of fine grained sedimentary materials in terms of geotechnical parameters which define and control excavation performance of EPB TBM’s

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuray Tokgöz ◽  
I. Serkan Binen ◽  
Emre Avunduk
Keyword(s):  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
And Control ◽  
Excavation Performance

Networked Operations

2014 ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
E. J. de Waard
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Network Centric Operations ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
And Control

Decentralized, peer-to-peer command and control is a key principle of network-centric operations that has received a lot of scholarly attention. So far, robust networking, another principle, has remained rather underexposed in the academic debate. This chapter introduces theory on modular organizing to start a discourse on network robustness from an organizational design perspective. Above all, the chapter makes clear that the level of system decomposition influences the command and control process of composite military structures. When military organizations follow a fine-grained modularization approach, the structure of a task force deployed may become complex, asking for extra coordination mechanisms to achieve syntheses between the many contributing functional organizational components. In addition, it is argued that modularity's principle of near-decomposability has to be incorporated into the available mathematical models on network-centric operations. A point of concern, in this respect, is that the current modeling parameters make no clear distinction between the different types of actors—or nodes—in a military network structure, whereas in reality, technological, organizational, and human actors all live by their own specific rules.

scholarly journals Modelling transmission and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl L. Chang ◽  
Nathan Harding ◽  
Cameron Zachreson ◽  
Oliver M. Cliff ◽  
Mikhail Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Computational Simulation ◽  
International Travel ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Abstract There is a continuing debate on relative benefits of various mitigation and suppression strategies aimed to control the spread of COVID-19. Here we report the results of agent-based modelling using a fine-grained computational simulation of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. This model is calibrated to match key characteristics of COVID-19 transmission. An important calibration outcome is the age-dependent fraction of symptomatic cases, with this fraction for children found to be one-fifth of such fraction for adults. We apply the model to compare several intervention strategies, including restrictions on international air travel, case isolation, home quarantine, social distancing with varying levels of compliance, and school closures. School closures are not found to bring decisive benefits unless coupled with high level of social distancing compliance. We report several trade-offs, and an important transition across the levels of social distancing compliance, in the range between 70% and 80% levels, with compliance at the 90% level found to control the disease within 13–14 weeks, when coupled with effective case isolation and international travel restrictions.

scholarly journals The abyssal giant pockmarks of the Black Bahama Escarpment: Relations between structures, fluids and carbonate physiography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Cavailhes ◽  
Hervé Gillet ◽  
Léa Guiastrennec-Faugas ◽  
Thierry Mulder ◽  
Vincent Hanquiez
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Free Edge ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Abyssal Plain ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Bathymetric Data ◽  
Collapse Structures ◽  
And Control

Abstract. This study reports the discovery of spectacular abyssal giant pockmarks located at the toe of the Bahamian carbonate platform, along the Black Bahama structurally-controlled Escarpment (BBE) that exhibits up to 4 km of submarine elevation above the San Salvador Abyssal Plain (SSAP). Analysis of seismic reflection and bathymetric data collected during the CARAMBAR 2 cruise revealed the presence of 29 pockmarks; their water depths range from −4584 m to −4967 m whereas their bathymetric depressions are elliptical in shape, range in diameter from 255 m to 1819 m, and in depth from 30 m to 185 m. The pockmarks alignment trends parallel to the BBE as well as the structural lineaments of the area, exclusively between 2200 and 5000 m from its toe, and overlies a buried carbonate bench in which a high-amplitude seismic anomaly has been detected. The pockmark density interestingly increases where the recognized structural lineaments intersect the BBE. The aforementioned observations suggest an atypical relationship between the spatial occurrence of the abyssal fluid releases, the carbonate platform tectonic structures, the buried carbonate bench that underlies the hemipelagites in the San Salvador abyssal plain and the physiography of the area. Indeed, the ground water entrance during low-level stands, the dissolution of evaporites by meteoric water, the platform-scale thermal convection and the seawater entrance at the platform edge most probably act in concert to favor the circulation of brines and therefore the corrosion within the Bahamian carbonate platform. These mechanisms are particularly efficient along the structural heterogeneities (i.e. faults and fractures) which act as fluid conduits and control the physiography of the area by maintaining the location of the sedimentary pathways. The dense fluids migrate along the faults towards the BBE free edge and are subsequently trapped into the buried carbonate bench that laterally disappears below the low-permeability deep-sea hemipelagics of the SSAP. In consequence, the trapped corrosive fluids dissolve the carbonates preferentially along the tectonic structures such as the Samana Fracture Zone, at the origin of the BBE curvature and triggers collapse-structures in the overlying fine-grained deposits generating giant pockmarks. This structurally-directed process of dissolution is believed to have played a major role in the BBE 5–6 km erosional retreat and also probably explains the occurrence of plunge pools in the area.

scholarly journals Hearing restoration by a low-weight power-efficient multichannel optogenetic cochlear implant system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Jablonski ◽  
Tamas Harczos ◽  
Bettina Wolf ◽  
Gerhard Hoch ◽  
Alexander Dieter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sound Coding ◽  
Large Sets ◽  
Current Spread ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Implant System ◽  
And Control

In case of deafness, cochlear implants bypass dysfunctional or lost hair cells by direct electrical stimulation (eCIs) of the auditory nerve. However, spectral selectivity of eCI sound coding is low as the wide current spread from each electrode activates large sets of neurons that align to a place-frequency (tonotopic) map in the cochlea. As light can be better confined in space, optical cochlear implants (oCIs) promise to overcome this shortcoming of eCIs. This requires fine-grained, fast, and power-efficient real-time sound analysis and control of multiple microscale emitters. Here, we describe the development, characterisation, and application for hearing restoration of a preclinical low-weight and wireless LED-based multichannel oCI system and its companion eCI system. The head-worn oCI system enabled deafened rats to perform a locomotion task in response to acoustic stimulation proving the concept of multichannel optogenetic hearing restoration in rodents.

Research on Multi-Level Context-Aware Material Data Model within Manufacturing Enterprises

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1726-1729
Author(s):  
Dong Juan Xue ◽  
Ying Pan
Keyword(s):  
Data Integration ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Context-aware applications can sense and explore the context of production processes to provide proper and useful services to managers in workshop. And materials data integration and control are one of core competences concerning with the development of mass data application in manufacturing enterprises. In this paper, a context-aware materials data integration meta model is presented which is incorporating an advanced materials demand mapping and decomposition mechanism to support fine-grained materials data in the right time for the provision of materials services, based on the analysis of the application context involving the key points and relationships in their manufacturing processes. In this model, materials data integration is controlled by the demand state transitions at different levels including workflow levels, control levels and data levels, which incorporates dynamic context information by checking the context constraint associated with each application task at the time of the specific request submission. Finally, a case is given which is implemented in a complex equipments enterprise.

scholarly journals Team Learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock
Keyword(s):  
Team Learning ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Interdisciplinary Network

Team learning is a complex social phenomenon that develops and changes over time. Hence, to promote understanding of the fine-grained dynamics of team learning, research should account for the temporal patterns of team learning behavior. Taking important steps in this direction, this special issue offers novel insights into the dynamics of team learning by advocating a temporal perspective. Based on a symposium presented at the 2016 Interdisciplinary Network for Group Research (INGRoup) Conference in Helsinki, the four empirical articles in this special issue showcase four different and innovative approaches to implementing a temporal perspective in team learning research. Specifically, the contributions highlight team learning dynamics in student teams, self-managing teams, teacher teams, and command and control teams. The articles cover a broad range of methods and designs, including both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, and longitudinal as well as micro-temporal approaches. The contributors represent four countries and five different disciplines in group research.

Do different logging strategies influence the abundance of epiphytic chlorolichens?

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga HILMO ◽  
Håkan HYTTEBORN ◽  
Håkon HOLIEN
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
And Control

The effects of two logging strategies and edge effects on cover and abundance of the epiphytic chlorolichens Cavernularia hultenii, Platismatia glauca and P. norvegica were studied in an experimentally logged boreal spruce forest. Whether lichen size distribution within the three species was affected by logging regimes was also tested. One hundred and ten branches were sampled at random within: (1) fine-grained clearcuts consisting of 23 cutblocks 0·25 ha each; (2) coarse-grained clearcuts consisting of 3 clearcuts 2·25 ha each; and (3) a control area.Of the three species studied, C. hultenii was the most vulnerable to logging, with an abundance much lower in logged areas than in the control area. By contrast, P. glauca was equally abundant in the fine-grained area and in the control area, but significantly less abundant in the coarse-grained area where it seems to have been adversely affected by a pronounced edge effect. No such edge effect, however, was noted in the fine-grained area. Juvenile thalli of C. hultenii and P. glauca were less frequent in the coarse-grained area than in the fine-grained and control areas, suggesting that the juvenile stage might be more sensitive to logging than mature thalli. These results indicate that creation of large clearcuts (2·25 ha) may not be in accordance with the goal of maintaining population size in either C. hultenii or P. glauca. However, P. glauca does not seem to be negatively influenced by a fine-grained logging pattern. No effect of logging strategy or distance from the forest edge was observed on P. norvegica. It follows from the above that any management plans aimed at maintaining population size should be based on an understanding of ecology and life history gleaned from the area in question.

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