Ultrasound-assisted gelation of β-carotene enriched oleogels based on candelilla wax-nut oils: Physical properties and in-vitro digestion analysis

BACKGROUND: Dark-skin berries constitute a polyphenol-rich source of interest for the development of functional ingredients. OBJECTIVE: To develop an elderberry powder, addressing technological aspects for maximum bioactive recovery, including physical quality and bioaccesibility of the antioxidant compounds. METHODS: An optimization of the combined process of enzyme-assisted extraction and freeze-drying was undertaken. Polyphenols and anthocyanins were quantified by spectrophotometric and HPLC-DAD analysis along processing stages and an in vitro digestion model was used to study the antioxidant compound activity through gastrointestinal tract and after transepithelial transport across a Caco-2 cell monolayer. Powder physical properties were also evaluated. RESULTS: The best extraction conditions were 45°C and 160 ppm enzyme. 10% maltodextrin was the minimum carrier concentration needed to get a freeze-dried powder with good physical properties and maximum bioactive content. The phenolic compounds identified in fruits (mainly cyanidin-based anthocyanins, quercetin-3-rutinoside, catechin and, in smaller amounts, gallic and chlorogenic acids) were also present in the optimum extract and the powder. High bioaccesibility of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity were obtained after in vitro digestion and transepithelial transport. CONCLUSION: The designed elderberry powder showed great potential as functional ingredient to be used in berry juice-based beverages or other products formulated with fruit powders.

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Interactions of β-carotene with WPI/Tween 80 mixture and oil phase: Effect on the behavior of O/W emulsions during in vitro digestion

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 341 ◽

pp. 128155

Author(s):

Andresa Gomes ◽

Ana Letícia Rodrigues Costa ◽

Dayane Dias Cardoso ◽

Grazielle Náthia-Neves ◽

M. Angela A. Meireles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tween 80 ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Phase Effect ◽

Β Carotene

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Sea Buckthorn Oil as a Valuable Source of Bioaccessible Xanthophylls

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 76 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cristina Tudor ◽

Torsten Bohn ◽

Mohammed Iddir ◽

Francisc Vasile Dulf ◽

Monica Focşan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Cholesterol Esterase ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Sea Buckthorn Oil ◽

Oil In Water Emulsion ◽

Zeaxanthin Dipalmitate ◽

Β Carotene

Sea buckthorn oil, derived from the fruits of the shrub, also termed seaberry or sandthorn, is without doubt a strikingly rich source of carotenoids, in particular zeaxanthin and β-carotene. In the present study, sea buckthorn oil and an oil-in-water emulsion were subjected to a simulated gastro-intestinal in vitro digestion, with the main focus on xanthophyll bioaccessibility. Zeaxanthin mono- and di-esters were the predominant carotenoids in sea buckthorn oil, with zeaxanthin dipalmitate as the major compound (38.0%). A typical fatty acid profile was found, with palmitic (49.4%), palmitoleic (28.0%), and oleic (11.7%) acids as the dominant fatty acids. Taking into account the high amount of carotenoid esters present in sea buckthorn oil, the use of cholesterol esterase was included in the in vitro digestion protocol. Total carotenoid bioaccessibility was higher for the oil-in-water emulsion (22.5%) compared to sea buckthorn oil (18.0%) and even higher upon the addition of cholesterol esterase (28.0% and 21.2%, respectively). In the case of sea buckthorn oil, of all the free carotenoids, zeaxanthin had the highest bioaccessibility (61.5%), followed by lutein (48.9%), making sea buckthorn oil a potential attractive source of bioaccessible xanthophylls.

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Bio-Based Nanoparticles as a Carrier of β-Carotene: Production, Characterisation and In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25194497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (19) ◽

pp. 4497

Author(s):

Beatriz S. Afonso ◽

Ana G. Azevedo ◽

Catarina Gonçalves ◽

Isabel R. Amado ◽

Eugénio C. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Mean Size ◽

Average Size ◽

Size Controlled ◽

Β Carotene

β-carotene loaded bio-based nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by the solvent-displacement method using two polymers: zein and ethylcellulose. The production of NPs was optimised through an experimental design and characterised in terms of average size and polydispersity index. The processing conditions that allowed to obtain NPs (<100 nm) were used for β-carotene encapsulation. Then β-carotene loaded NPs were characterised in terms of zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed for further morphological and chemical characterisation. In the end, a static in vitro digestion following the INFOGEST protocol was performed and the bioaccessibility of β-carotene encapsulated in both NPs was determined. Results show that the best conditions for a size-controlled production with a narrow size distribution are lower polymer concentrations and higher antisolvent concentrations. The encapsulation of β-carotene in ethylcellulose NPs resulted in nanoparticles with a mean average size of 60 ± 9 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 74 ± 2%. β-carotene loaded zein-based NPs resulted in a mean size of 83 ± 8 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 93 ± 4%. Results obtained from the in vitro digestion showed that β-carotene bioaccessibility when encapsulated in zein NPs is 37 ± 1%, which is higher than the value of 8.3 ± 0.1% obtained for the ethylcellulose NPs.

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