Does salting-out effect nucleate nanobubbles in water: spontaneous nucleation?

SummaryThe fractionation properties of human Factor VIII (antihaemophilic factor, AHF, antihaemophilic globulin) have been studied using a plasma of congenital afibrinogenaemia as a starting material.From a fibrinogen-free plasma, Factor VIII does not precipitate with ethanol at a final concentration of 8%; on the contrary the maximum yield is reached at an ethanol concentration of 25%.With a precipitation method carried out by a one to ten dilution of plasma with distilled water and acidification by N/10 hydrochloric acid to a pFI 5.2, Factor VIII does not precipitate with the euglobulin fraction; when normal plasma is used, such a precipitation is almost complete.With the salting-out fractionation method by ammonium sulphate, Factor VIII precipitates at a concentration between 25 and 33% of saturation either from fibrinogen-free and from normal human plasma.A non-specific thromboplastic activity appears in the fractions prepared by every method. This activity, which is probably due to the activation of seric accelerators, is easily removed by Al(OH)s adsorption. Thus, in order to insure the specificity of Factor VIII assays, the preliminary adsorption of the fractions is indispensable before testing their antihaemophilic activity.Fibrinogen and Factor VIII have different and definite precipitation patterns. When these two factors are associated the fractionation properties of AHF appear quite modified, showing a close similarity to those of fibrinogen. This fact can explain the technical difficulties encountered in the attempt to purify the antihaemophilic factor, and the lack of reproducible procedures for removing fibrinogen without affecting Factor VII.

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A method for selective separation of scandium (III) from yttrium and a number of rare-earth elements for its subsequent determination

Industrial laboratory Diagnostics of materials ◽

10.26896/1028-6861-2018-84-11-23-27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (11) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

M. I. Degtev ◽

A. A. Yuminova ◽

A. S. Maksimov ◽

A. P. Medvedev

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Selective Isolation ◽

Optimum Ratio ◽

Extraction Condition ◽

Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽

Salting Out ◽

Subsequent Determination ◽

Toxic Organic Solvents ◽

Metal Ions Extraction

The possibility of using an aqueous stratified system of antipyrine — sulfosalicylic acid — water for the selective isolation of scandium macro- and microquantities for subsequent determination is studied. The proposed extraction system eliminates the usage of toxic organic solvents. The organic phase with a volume of 1.2 to 2.0 ml, resulting from delamination of the aqueous phase containing antipyrine and sulfosalicylic acid is analysed to assess the possibility of using such systems for metal ions extraction. Condition necessary for the formation of such a phase were specified: the ratio of the initial components, their concentration, presence of inorganic salting out agents. The optimum ratio of antipyrine to sulfosalicylic acid is 2:1 at concentrations of 0.6 and 0.3 mol/liter in a volume of the aqueous phase of 10 ml. The obtained phase which consists of antipyrinium sulfosalicylate, free antipyrine and water, quantitatively extracts macro- and microquantities of scandium at pH = 1.54. Macro- and microquantities of yttrium, terbium, lanthanum, ytterbium and gadolinium are not extracted under the aforementioned conditions thus providing selective isolation of scandium from the bases containing yttrium, ytterbium, terbium, lanthanum, and gadolinium.

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A rapid salting out method for DNA extraction from buccal swabs

Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1008.2011.01370 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 1370-1374

Author(s):

Wei-feng ZHU ◽

Da-ya LUO ◽

Shuo TU ◽

Xia-li ZHANG ◽

Ke-min JIE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Extraction ◽

Salting Out ◽

Buccal Swabs

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Removal of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Constituents by Anion Exchange Resin

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0478 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 207-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

J.-P. Croué ◽

D. Violleau ◽

C. Bodaire ◽

B. Legube

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Anion Exchange ◽

Water Source ◽

Atomic Ratio ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Salting Out ◽

Anion Exchange Resins ◽

Hydrophilic Character ◽

Exchange Resins

The objective of this work was to compare the affinity of well characterized NOM fractions isolated from two surface waters with strong (gel matrix and macroporous matrix) and weak anion exchange resins (AER) using batch experiment conditions. The structural characterization of the fraction of NOM has shown that the higher the hydrophilic character, the lower the C/O atomic ratio, the lower the SUVA, the lower the aromatic carbon content and the lower the molecular weight. In general (not always), strong AER was more efficient to remove DOC than weak AER. For the same water source (Suwannee River), the higher the molecular weight of the NOM fraction, the lower the affinity with AER. Increasing the ionic strength favored the removal of the hydrophobic NOM fraction (“salting out” effect) while increasing the pH apparently reduced the removal of the hydrophilic NOM fraction. Results were discussed in terms of size exclusion, adsorption, anion exchange and also hydrophobic/hydrophilic repulsion.

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Extraction of hafnium(IV) with organophosphorus reagents from solutions of mineral acids mixtures

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19793656 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 (12) ◽

pp. 3656-3664

Author(s):

Oldřich Navrátil ◽

Jiří Smola ◽

Rostislav Kolouch

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Organic Phase ◽

Perchloric Acid ◽

Synergic Effect ◽

Salting Out ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Mixed Complexes ◽

Synergic Extraction ◽

Mineral Acids

Extraction of hafnium(IV) was studied from solutions of mixtures of perchloric and nitric acids and of perchloric and hydrochloric acids for constant ionic strength, I = 2, 4, 6, or 8, and for cHf 4 . 10-4 mol l-1. The organic phase was constituted by solutions of some acidic or neutral organophosphorus reagents or of 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone, or N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine in benzene, chloroform, or n-octane. A pronounced synergic extraction of hafnium proceeds only on applying organophosphorus reagents from an aqueous phase whose acidity is not lower than 3M-(HClO4 + HNO3) or 5M-(HClO4 + HCl). The synergic effect was not affected markedly by a variation of the initial concentration of hafnium in the range 1 . 10-8 -4 .10-4 mol l-1, it lowered with increasing initial concentration of the organophosphorus reagent and decreasing concentration of the H+ ions. It is suggested that the hafnium passes into the organic phase in the form of mixed complexes, the salting-out effect of perchloric acid playing an appreciable part.

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Salting-Out of Serum Proteins after the Addition of Known Protein Fractions

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/4.1.49 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 49-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E Pagliardi ◽

A Vitelli ◽

G Gaidano

Keyword(s):

Serum Proteins ◽

Protein Fractions ◽

Salting Out

Abstract Salting-out of sera to which known protein fractions had been added was performed, and parallel determinations were performed on the unaltered serum in every case. Two types of phenomena were observed: the added fraction apparently always precipitates in its characteristic range, and the addition of proteins sometimes did not modify the precipitation of the serum proteins, but in other cases determined important changes of the precipitation diagram. The study of these changes proved the occurrence of processes of interaction between the various protein fractions of the sera.

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Oriented arrangement of simple monomers enabled by confinement: towards living supramolecular polymerization

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-22827-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yingtong Zong ◽

Si-Min Xu ◽

Wenying Shi ◽

Chao Lu

Keyword(s):

Activation Barrier ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Supramolecular Polymer ◽

Energy Principle ◽

Spontaneous Nucleation ◽

Pyrene Derivatives ◽

Multifunctional Molecules ◽

Double Hydroxide ◽

Supramolecular Polymerization ◽

Kinetics Of

AbstractThe living supramolecular polymerization technique provides an exciting research avenue. However, in comparison with the thermodynamic spontaneous nucleation, using simple monomers to realize living supramolecular polymerization is hardly possible from an energy principle. This is because the activation barrier of kinetically trapped simple monomer (nucleation step) is insufficiently high to control the kinetics of subsequent elongation. Here, with the benefit of the confinement from the layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterial, various simple monomers, (such as benzene, naphthalene and pyrene derivatives) successfully form living supramolecular polymer (LSP) with length control and narrow dispersity. The degree of polymerization can reach ~6000. Kinetics studies reveal LDH overcomes a huge energy barrier to inhibit undesired spontaneous nucleation of monomers and disassembly of metastable states. The universality of this strategy will usher exploration into other multifunctional molecules and promote the development of functional LSP.

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Enhanced Adsorption of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution with 2-Vinylpyridine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym10101136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Qiang Li ◽

Fei Pan ◽

Wentao Li ◽

Dongya Li ◽

Haiming Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Salting Out ◽

Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Fe3o4 Nanospheres ◽

Enhanced Adsorption

In this study, a novel 2-vinylpyridine functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Mag-PVP) was successfully prepared. The prepared Mag-PVP was characterized by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and was used for the adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. Mag-PVP, which is composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and poly divinylbenzene-2-vinylpyridine (with a thickness of 10 nm), exhibited magnetic properties (Ms = 44.6 emu/g) and thermal stability. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of Mag-PVP for BPA obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was 115.87 mg/g at 20 °C, which was more than that of Fe3O4 nanospheres. In the presence of NaCl, the improved adsorption capacity of Mag-PVP was probably attributed to the screening effect of Mag-PVP surface charge and salting-out effect. In the presence of CaCl2 and humic acid (HA), the adsorption capacity of BPA decreased due to competitive adsorption. The adsorption of BPA by Mag-PVP increased slightly with the increase in pH from 3.0 to 5.0 and obtained the largest adsorption amount at pH 5.0, which was probably attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions. Moreover, in actual water, Mag-PVP still showed excellent adsorption performance in removing BPA. The high adsorption capacity and excellent reusability performance in this work indicated that Mag-PVP was an effective adsorbent for removing BPA from aqueous solutions.

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Ion Size Dependences of the Salting-Out Effect: Reversed Order of Sodium and Lithium Ions

The Journal of Physical Chemistry B ◽

10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03388 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Katsuto ◽

Ryuichi Okamoto ◽

Tomonari Sumi ◽

Kenichiro Koga

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ions ◽

Salting Out ◽

Ion Size ◽

Reversed Order

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