Naming the Problem: Publishing Trends within in Urology on Race, Health Disparities and Structural Racism

Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien N. Bernstein ◽  
Ruchika Talwar ◽  
Cheyenne Williams ◽  
Andres Correa ◽  
Brandon Mahal
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Structural Racism

scholarly journals Engineering Solutions to COVID-19 and Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda A. Barabino
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Collective Response ◽  
Design Skills

AbstractThe role of engineers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and in the elimination of health disparities, while not always visible, has important implications for the attainment of impactful solutions. The design skills, systems approach, and innovative mindset that engineers bring all have the potential to combat crises in novel and impactful ways. When a disparities lens is applied, a lens that views gaps in access, resources, and care, the engineering solutions are bound to be more robust and equitable. The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on the Black community and other communities of color is linked to inequities in health rooted in a centuries long structural racism. Engineers working collaboratively with physicians and healthcare providers are poised to close equity gaps and strengthen the collective response to COVID-19 and future pandemics.

Health Disparities in Black Patients with Severe Mental Illness and the Role of Structural Racism

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 483-488
Author(s):  
Uzoamaka Asonye ◽  
Nicholas Apping ◽  
Leonardo V. Lopez ◽  
Dennis M. Popeo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Black Patients

Structural Racism and Health Disparities

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqaiijah Yearby
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Racial Health Disparities ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The Government

The government recognizes that social factors cause racial inequalities in access to resources and opportunities that result in racial health disparities. However, this recognition fails to acknowledge the root cause of these racial inequalities: structural racism. As a result, racial health disparities persist.

scholarly journals Structural Racism: A Call to Action for Health and Health Disparities Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
Naomi Priest ◽  
David R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Call To Action

Ethn Dis. 2021;31(Suppl 1):285-288; doi:10.18865/ed.31.S1.285

Structural Racism and Quantitative Causal Inference: A Life Course Mediation Framework for Decomposing Racial Health Disparities

2022 ◽  
pp. 002214652110661
Author(s):  
Nick Graetz ◽  
Courtney E. Boen ◽  
Michael H. Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Racial Health Disparities ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
Regression Estimators ◽  
Counterfactual Approach ◽  
Conventional Regression

Quantitative studies of racial health disparities often use static measures of self-reported race and conventional regression estimators, which critics argue is inconsistent with social-constructivist theories of race, racialization, and racism. We demonstrate an alternative counterfactual approach to explain how multiple racialized systems dynamically shape health over time, examining racial inequities in cardiometabolic risk in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. This framework accounts for the dynamics of time-varying confounding and mediation that is required in operationalizing a “race” variable as part of a social process ( racism) rather than a separable, individual characteristic. We decompose the observed disparity into three types of effects: a controlled direct effect (“unobserved racism”), proportions attributable to interaction (“racial discrimination”), and pure indirect effects (“emergent discrimination”). We discuss the limitations of counterfactual approaches while highlighting how they can be combined with critical theories to quantify how interlocking systems produce racial health inequities.

scholarly journals Call to Action: Structural Racism as a Fundamental Driver of Health Disparities: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Churchwell ◽  
Mitchell S.V. Elkind ◽  
Regina M. Benjamin ◽  
April P. Carson ◽  
Edward K. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Fundamental Cause

Structural racism has been and remains a fundamental cause of persistent health disparities in the United States. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the police killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and multiple others have been reminders that structural racism persists and restricts the opportunities for long, healthy lives of Black Americans and other historically disenfranchised groups. The American Heart Association has previously published statements addressing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk and disparities among racial and ethnic groups in the United States, but these statements have not adequately recognized structural racism as a fundamental cause of poor health and disparities in cardiovascular disease. This presidential advisory reviews the historical context, current state, and potential solutions to address structural racism in our country. Several principles emerge from our review: racism persists; racism is experienced; and the task of dismantling racism must belong to all of society. It cannot be accomplished by affected individuals alone. The path forward requires our commitment to transforming the conditions of historically marginalized communities, improving the quality of housing and neighborhood environments of these populations, advocating for policies that eliminate inequities in access to economic opportunities, quality education, and health care, and enhancing allyship among racial and ethnic groups. Future research on racism must be accelerated and should investigate the joint effects of multiple domains of racism (structural, interpersonal, cultural, anti-Black). The American Heart Association must look internally to correct its own shortcomings and advance antiracist policies and practices regarding science, public and professional education, and advocacy. With this advisory, the American Heart Association declares its unequivocal support of antiracist principles.

scholarly journals Examining COVID-19 and HIV: The impact of intersectional stigma on short- and long-term health outcomes among African Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-659
Author(s):  
Liesl A Nydegger ◽  
Mandy J Hill
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Medical Mistrust ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
African American Health

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the health disparities and structural racism among African Americans. We examined overlaps between the COVID-19 pandemic and HIV epidemic using an intersectional stigma framework through the lens of Critical Race Theory. Intersectional stigma, medical mistrust, and decreased likelihood of referral for HIV and COVID-19 testing leads to decreased engagement in the healthcare system. Social inequities increase health disparities and lead to increased rates of chronic diseases, which increases the risk and severity of COVID-19. Solutions to mitigate impact among African Americans include increasing engagement regarding African American health, funding, and providers of color.

Panic in the Streets—Pandemic and Protests: A Manifestation of a Failure to Achieve Democratic Ideals

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Katner ◽  
Kari Brisolara ◽  
Philip Katner ◽  
Andrew Jacoby ◽  
Peggy Honore
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Sustainable Economy ◽  
Democratic Ideals

America is at a critical crossroads in history as the COVID-19 pandemic expands. We argue that the failure to respond effectively to the pandemic stems from the nation’s protracted divergence from the democratic ideals, we purport to value. Structural racism and class-based political and economic inequity are sustained through the failings of the nation’s democratic institutions and processes. The situation has, in turn, fostered further inequity and undermined science, facts, and evidence in the name of economic and political interests, which in turn has encouraged the spread of the pandemic, exacerbated health disparities, and escalated citizen tensions. We present a broad vision of reforms needed to achieve democratic ideals which we believe is the most important first step to achieving true political representation, achieving a resilient and sustainable economy, and fostering the health of vulnerable communities, workers, and the planet.

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