A survey of free-range egg farmers in the United Kingdom: Knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding antimicrobial use and resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most pressing challenges facing humanity. This survey of dairy cow farmers (n=372) was conducted to explore knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding veterinary medicine use and to identify farmer-led solutions to reducing, replacing and refining antimicrobial use. Antimicrobials were the most commonly reported veterinary medicines used. Twenty-two per cent of the antibiotics used by dairy farmers contained a highest priority critically important active ingredient. Mastitis was rated as the most important health and welfare challenge and was the most common reason for medicine use. Frequency of veterinary contact was associated with a decrease in the use of antibiotic footbaths, more ‘responsible’ treatment choices and increased knowledge of AMR. Purchasing medicine from a vet practice rather than elsewhere was associated with an increased likelihood of disposing of waste milk responsibly. These findings highlight the important role of veterinarians in guiding responsible medicine use. Ninety per cent of participants stated that they were trying to reduce their antimicrobial use. Farmers suggested a wide array of alternative treatments and potential interventions for managing herd health. Findings from this project could be used to target education and training surrounding best practice, supporting the important role that farmers play in protecting public health.

Download Full-text

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Poultry Drug and Feed Sellers in Bangladesh

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8060111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Md. Abul Kalam ◽

Md. Abdul Alim ◽

Shahanaj Shano ◽

Md. Raihan Khan Nayem ◽

Md. Rahim Badsha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Rank Order ◽

Antimicrobial Use ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

12Th Grade ◽

Study Results ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽

Drug Sellers

Poultry production has boomed in Bangladesh in recent years. The poultry sector has contributed significantly to meet the increased demand for animal source proteins in the country. However, increased use of antimicrobials and antibiotics appeared to be a significant threat to food safety in the poultry sector. The poultry drug and feed sellers are at the frontline position involving selecting and delivering the antimicrobials to the poultry farmers. Studies assessing the poultry drug and feed sellers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) are limited. The current study aimed to assess the community poultry drug and feed sellers’ KAPs of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in some selected areas of Bangladesh. We determined the respondents’ (drug and the feed sellers) KAPs of AMU and AMR using a tested and paper-based questionnaire. The study demonstrated that most respondents have insufficient knowledge, less positive attitudes, and inappropriate practices regarding AMU and AMR. The factor score analysis further showed that the type of respondents and their years of experience, level of education, and training on the drug were the significant factors impacting the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of AMU and AMR. The adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that the drug sellers who completed their education up to 12th grade and had training on the drug had adequate knowledge of AMU and AMR. The data also showed that the drug sellers belong to the age group 31–35 and 36–40 years and who completed 12th grade had good attitudes on the same. Likewise, the analysis further determined that drug sellers belonging the age category 18–25 and 26–30 years, and interestingly, the respondents who completed education up to 12th grade, had better practices. Spearman’s rank-order correlation revealed a positive association between each pair of the KAPs scores for the respondents. The correlation was fair between knowledge–attitudes, knowledge–practices, and attitudes–practices. Based on the current study results, we recommend educational interventions and appropriate training for the poultry drug and feed sellers to raise awareness and to upgrade their current knowledge on the appropriate use of antimicrobials. This will ultimately lead to reducing the chances of developing AMR in the poultry sectors of the country.

Download Full-text

Prescription of binaural hearing aids in the United Kingdom: a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1258/0022215021911275 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 116 (S28) ◽

pp. 2-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sunil N. Dutt ◽

Ann-Louise McDermott ◽

Richard M. Irving ◽

Ivor Donaldson ◽

Ahmes L. Pahor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Binaural Hearing ◽

Unilateral Deafness ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Paediatric Age ◽

Tinnitus Masking

The purpose of this questionnaire study was to evaluate the existing knowledge of binaural hearing and the attitudes and practices of prescribing bilateral hearing aids amongst otolaryngologists in the United Kingdom. Of the 950 questionnaires sent to the current members of the British Association of Otolaryngologists and Head and Neck Surgeons (BAO-HNS), there were 591 respondents (62 per cent). The true response rate with completed questionnaires was 59 per cent. Eighty-one per cent of the respondents were aware of the importance of binaural hearing and had a positive attitude towards binaural fitting. The practice of bilateral hearing aid prescriptions was found to be poor amongst all grades on the NHS (less than 10 per cent of all hearing aid prescriptions). This practice in the private sector was variable, dependent largely on patient preference and affordability. The practice of binaural prescription was higher for patients in the paediatric age group than amongst adults. Two common indications for hearing aid prescriptions for unilateral deafness were otitis media with effusion in children (23 per cent of respondents) and for tinnitus masking in adults (12 per cent of respondents). Many otolaryngologists believed that there was not enough evidence to support bilateral bone-anchored hearing aid implantation and bilateral cochlear implantation. Ninety-four per cent of the respondents believed that binaural hearing was as important as binocular vision.

Download Full-text

The Importance of the Acanthocephalan Polymorphus minutus as a Parasite of Domestic Ducks in the United Kingdom

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00003771 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 185-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

H. B. N. Hynes ◽

W. L. Nicholas

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Intermediate Host ◽

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Seasonal Occurrence ◽

Domestic Ducks ◽

Free Range ◽

The United Kingdom

The intestinal parasite Polymorphus minutus sometimes causes severe losses of domestic ducks, but more often birds on free range are unaffected although exposed to infection. The causes of this are examined and an attempt is made to explain it. The worm has no innate seasonal occurrence, but can survive for many months in the intermediate host, by which it can also be spread for long distances along streams. The veterinary implications of these findings are considered.

Download Full-text

Vital pulpotomy in the primary dentition: attitudes and practices of Specialists in paediatric dentistry practising in the United Kingdom

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry ◽

10.1046/j.1365-263x.2003.00468.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 246-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M. L. Hunter ◽

B. Hunter

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Paediatric Dentistry ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

The United Kingdom

Download Full-text

Vital pulpotomy in the primary dentition: attitudes and practices of specialists in paediatric dentistry practising in the United Kingdom

BDJ ◽

10.1038/sj.bdj.4810531 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 195 (6) ◽

pp. 327-327

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Paediatric Dentistry ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

The United Kingdom

Download Full-text

Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices of veterinarians towards antimicrobial use and stewardship as drivers of inappropriate use in Abuja, Nigeria

One Health Outlook ◽

10.1186/s42522-021-00058-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mabel Kamweli Aworh ◽

Jacob Kwada Paghi Kwaga ◽

Emmanuel Chukwudi Okolocha

Keyword(s):

Public Service ◽

Mobile Application ◽

Animal Health ◽

Contributory Factor ◽

Antimicrobial Use ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Age Group ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently gained worldwide recognition, as the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms has led to increased mortality and economic burden. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of veterinarians towards rational antimicrobial prescribing and identify factors influencing use. Methods We interviewed veterinary doctors in Abuja, Nigeria using a 50-point questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp mobile application. The questionnaire inquired about their experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards AMR and stewardship. We analyzed the data by calculating frequencies and proportions. Results Of 220 registered veterinarians, 144 (65.5%) participated in the survey. Most (52.8%) were within the age group 30 - 39 years; males (72.2%), with a Master’s degree (42.4%) and worked in public service (44.4%). Three-quarters (75.7%) had good knowledge of antimicrobials; 47.2% had received training on stewardship while 88.9% reported that they believed that overuse of antimicrobials was the major contributory factor towards AMR. Antimicrobial stewardship regulations are important in veterinary practice. Veterinarians were aware of the occurrence of resistant pathogens and agreed that restricting antimicrobial use in animal health care was necessary to reduce AMR. Conclusion Most respondents referred to the veterinary formulary (VF) when in doubt of the appropriate antimicrobial agent to administer. We recommend that the VF be updated following the WHO list of critically-important-antimicrobials (CIA) and veterinarians educated not to use these CIAs in the treatment of food animals.

Download Full-text

Roadblocks to interactive digital adoption? Elite perspectives of party practices in the United Kingdom

Party Politics ◽

10.1177/1354068818761196 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 165-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katharine Dommett

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Digital Technology ◽

Political Engagement ◽

Digital Tools ◽

Interactive Approach ◽

Green Party ◽

Internal Governance ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Party Elites

Digital technology has often been heralded for its capacity to facilitate more interactive forms of political engagement. In the party context, many early studies found little evidence of this practice, but more recent citizen-focused interventions suggest the emergence of a more interactive approach. This article responds to such findings by asking whether party elites are embracing interactive digital tools and what explains current practices. This article conducts case studies of two parties within the United Kingdom – the Labour Party and the Green Party. Interviews are used to examine attitudes and practices in two different areas of party activity: electoral campaigning and internal governance. While there is little evidence of elite interest in the interactive potential of digital tools in the former, there is more evidence of interest in the latter area, even though barriers exist that frustrate the enactment of these ideas. Exploring the significance of parties’ objectives and organizational traits, this article examines explanations for these outcomes and, in so doing, helps scholars and practitioners alike to understand, identify and tackle barriers to the adoption of interactive digital tools by party elites.

Download Full-text