scholarly journals Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices of veterinarians towards antimicrobial use and stewardship as drivers of inappropriate use in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Kamweli Aworh ◽  
Jacob Kwada Paghi Kwaga ◽  
Emmanuel Chukwudi Okolocha
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently gained worldwide recognition, as the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms has led to increased mortality and economic burden. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of veterinarians towards rational antimicrobial prescribing and identify factors influencing use. Methods We interviewed veterinary doctors in Abuja, Nigeria using a 50-point questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp mobile application. The questionnaire inquired about their experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards AMR and stewardship. We analyzed the data by calculating frequencies and proportions. Results Of 220 registered veterinarians, 144 (65.5%) participated in the survey. Most (52.8%) were within the age group 30 - 39 years; males (72.2%), with a Master’s degree (42.4%) and worked in public service (44.4%). Three-quarters (75.7%) had good knowledge of antimicrobials; 47.2% had received training on stewardship while 88.9% reported that they believed that overuse of antimicrobials was the major contributory factor towards AMR. Antimicrobial stewardship regulations are important in veterinary practice. Veterinarians were aware of the occurrence of resistant pathogens and agreed that restricting antimicrobial use in animal health care was necessary to reduce AMR. Conclusion Most respondents referred to the veterinary formulary (VF) when in doubt of the appropriate antimicrobial agent to administer. We recommend that the VF be updated following the WHO list of critically-important-antimicrobials (CIA) and veterinarians educated not to use these CIAs in the treatment of food animals.

scholarly journals Towards a bottom-up understanding of antimicrobial use and resistance on the farm: A knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey across livestock systems in five African countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Caudell ◽  
Alejandro Dorado-Garcia ◽  
Suzanne Eckford ◽  
Denis Byarugaba ◽  
Kofi Afakye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractThe nutritional and economic potentials of livestock systems are compromised by the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. A major driver of resistance is the misuse and abuse of antimicrobial drugs. The likelihood of misuse may be elevated in low- and middle-income countries where limited professional veterinary services and laissez faire access to drugs are assumed to promote non-prudent practices (e.g., self-administration of drugs). The extent of these practices, as well as the knowledge and attitudes motivating them, are largely unknown within most agricultural communities in low- and middle-income countries. The main objective of this study was to document dimensions of knowledge, attitudes and practices related to antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in livestock systems and identify the livelihood factors associated with these dimensions. A mixed-methods ethnographic approach was used to survey households keeping layers in Ghana (N=110) and Kenya (N=76), pastoralists keeping cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania (N=195), and broiler farmers in Zambia (N=198), and Zimbabwe (N=298). Across countries, we find that it is individuals who live or work at the farm who draw upon their knowledge and experiences to make decisions regarding antimicrobial use and related practices. Input from animal health professionals is rare and antimicrobials are sourced at local, privately owned agrovet drug shops. We also find that knowledge, attitudes, and particularly practices significantly varied across countries, with poultry farmers holding more knowledge, desirable attitudes, and prudent practices compared to pastoralists households. Multivariate models showed that variation is related to several factors, including education, disease dynamics on the farm, and sources of animal health information. Study results emphasize that interventions to limit antimicrobial resistance must be founded upon a bottom-up understanding of antimicrobial use at the farm-level given limited input from animal health professionals and under-resourced regulatory capacities within most low- and middle-income countries. Establishing this bottom-up understanding across cultures and production systems will inform the development and implementation of the behavioral change interventions to combat AMR globally.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Poultry Drug and Feed Sellers in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Kalam ◽  
Md. Abdul Alim ◽  
Shahanaj Shano ◽  
Md. Raihan Khan Nayem ◽  
Md. Rahim Badsha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Drug Sellers

Poultry production has boomed in Bangladesh in recent years. The poultry sector has contributed significantly to meet the increased demand for animal source proteins in the country. However, increased use of antimicrobials and antibiotics appeared to be a significant threat to food safety in the poultry sector. The poultry drug and feed sellers are at the frontline position involving selecting and delivering the antimicrobials to the poultry farmers. Studies assessing the poultry drug and feed sellers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) are limited. The current study aimed to assess the community poultry drug and feed sellers’ KAPs of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in some selected areas of Bangladesh. We determined the respondents’ (drug and the feed sellers) KAPs of AMU and AMR using a tested and paper-based questionnaire. The study demonstrated that most respondents have insufficient knowledge, less positive attitudes, and inappropriate practices regarding AMU and AMR. The factor score analysis further showed that the type of respondents and their years of experience, level of education, and training on the drug were the significant factors impacting the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of AMU and AMR. The adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that the drug sellers who completed their education up to 12th grade and had training on the drug had adequate knowledge of AMU and AMR. The data also showed that the drug sellers belong to the age group 31–35 and 36–40 years and who completed 12th grade had good attitudes on the same. Likewise, the analysis further determined that drug sellers belonging the age category 18–25 and 26–30 years, and interestingly, the respondents who completed education up to 12th grade, had better practices. Spearman’s rank-order correlation revealed a positive association between each pair of the KAPs scores for the respondents. The correlation was fair between knowledge–attitudes, knowledge–practices, and attitudes–practices. Based on the current study results, we recommend educational interventions and appropriate training for the poultry drug and feed sellers to raise awareness and to upgrade their current knowledge on the appropriate use of antimicrobials. This will ultimately lead to reducing the chances of developing AMR in the poultry sectors of the country.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of smallholder farmers on foot and mouth disease control in two Cambodian provinces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Socheat Sieng ◽  
Ian Patrick ◽  
Peter Windsor ◽  
Steve Walkden-Brown ◽  
Chetra Sar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Food-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Cambodia. The control program for FMD has relied on vaccination, with poor vaccination uptake by smallholder farmers an increasing concern. A study to improve the understanding of farmer knowledge, attitudes and practices of FMD and FMD vaccination was conducted in two Cambodian provinces. The aim was to identify opportunities to improve the disease control programs provided by both the government and private sectors. The survey comprised 300 smallholder farmers using a one-on-one interview technique. Results identified that over two-thirds of the respondent farmers had not vaccinated their cattle over two years. Of those who did, most cattle were vaccinated either once a year or once every three years. A booster had never been administered. FMD outbreaks occurred every year during the study period, with a morbidity rate of over 30%. Isolation of first infected cattle from the household herd was not practiced, with treatment identified as the first preference intervention. Farmers often assisted other farmers to restrain and treat infected cattle both before (57%) and after (43%) their own cattle were infected. This indicated that most farmers did not practice basic biosecurity measures and chose to report FMD outbreaks to the village animal health workers (VAHW), friends, neighbors, and relatives in preference to government officials. It was concluded that poor knowledge of disease transmission and biosecurity, with low FMD vaccination coverage and a focus on treatment, contribute to regular FMD outbreaks in these communities. Improvement of FMD control requires the cooperation of villagers, VAHWs, and village leaders in disease reporting, with either improved funding of government vaccination services or private FMD vaccination service. Training programs for farmers on disease transmission, and the importance of biosecurity and vaccination, including information on the cost-benefits of treatment versus full fee bi-annual FMD vaccination, are required.

scholarly journals A survey of dairy cow farmers in the United Kingdom: knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding antimicrobial use and resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (24) ◽  
pp. 746-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Elizabeth Higham ◽  
Amanda Deakin ◽  
Emma Tivey ◽  
Vicky Porteus ◽  
Stephen Ridgway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Waste Milk ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most pressing challenges facing humanity. This survey of dairy cow farmers (n=372) was conducted to explore knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding veterinary medicine use and to identify farmer-led solutions to reducing, replacing and refining antimicrobial use. Antimicrobials were the most commonly reported veterinary medicines used. Twenty-two per cent of the antibiotics used by dairy farmers contained a highest priority critically important active ingredient. Mastitis was rated as the most important health and welfare challenge and was the most common reason for medicine use. Frequency of veterinary contact was associated with a decrease in the use of antibiotic footbaths, more ‘responsible’ treatment choices and increased knowledge of AMR. Purchasing medicine from a vet practice rather than elsewhere was associated with an increased likelihood of disposing of waste milk responsibly. These findings highlight the important role of veterinarians in guiding responsible medicine use. Ninety per cent of participants stated that they were trying to reduce their antimicrobial use. Farmers suggested a wide array of alternative treatments and potential interventions for managing herd health. Findings from this project could be used to target education and training surrounding best practice, supporting the important role that farmers play in protecting public health.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to self-medication with antimicrobials in Lilongwe, Malawi

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia S Sambakusi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

BackgroundThe use of antimicrobials is associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and self-medication increases the risk of the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding self-medication with antimicrobials among residents in Lilongwe, Malawi.MethodologyThis study has a cross-sectional, mixed-methods design. We conducted two focus group discussions (n=15) to describe community attitudes towards self-medication with antimicrobials and used a structured questionnaire to collect data on individual KAP regarding self-medication from 105 respondents.ResultsSelf-medication was common, and the sources of these medicines were market vendors, pharmacies, drugs shared with friends and family and those leftover from previous treatments. The lack of medical supplies, long distances to health facilities, poor attitudes of medical professionals towards patients, and past experience with the disease and treatment are the main factors that influence self-medication. KAP respondents had little knowledge of antimicrobials, their use, or any awareness of AMR. Seventy-four per cent (n=78) were unable to differentiate antimicrobials from other categories of medicines, and 92.4% wrongly responded that antimicrobials could be used to stop a fever. Concerning attitudes towards self-medication, over 54% wrongly believe that antimicrobials are effective in treating common colds. In regard to practice, 53% reported that they would use antimicrobials to treat upper respiratory infections, and 41% agreed that they must complete antibiotic therapy even if they are improving. Logistic regression analysis found that stocking antimicrobials at home for future use significantly promotes self-medication whereas an awareness of AMR would reduce self-medication.ConclusionSelf-medication is a public health risk that needs to be addressed urgently. Findings from this study point to the need for multifaceted interventions.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Diabetes Amongst Diabetes Patients at A Primary Health Care Centre in Durban, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Primary Health Care Centre ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered a major public health problem in South Africa and Globally. The condition is not well-managed globally and in SA. The most important known intervention for prevention and management of DM is lifestyle modification which depends largely on the knowledge, attitude and practices of DM patients and general population. The objective of the study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on diabetes among DM patients. Method: This was a cross-sectional prospective study conducted on diabetic patients attending a primary health care centre in South Africa between January to June 2018. Students t-test and ANOVA tests were conducted to find the mean difference of the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores among the demographic variables. Pearson’s correlation test was conducted to find the relationship between Knowledge, attitudes, and practice towards DM. All statistical tests were performed using two-sided tests at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: Most of the respondents were over the age of 45 years (87%), female (74%), had no education (58%) and unemployed (52%). Results showed that DM patients had poor level of knowledge, had better positive attitudes towards DM and the respondents were practicing positively towards the management of DM. DM patients in the age group of 46-55 years were practicing better towards DM compared to patients from age group of 25-35 years. It was also found that those had no income practiced significantly better than those earning >R3001 per month (p<0.05). It was found that knowledge was moderately positively correlated with practice towards DM (p<0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge and practice levels of lifestyle modifications and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending KwaDabeka Community Health Centre were generally poor. Nevertheless, majority of these patients have positive attitude toward healthy lifestyle habits which could potentially be harnessed and translated into healthy lifestyle practices. Health education intervention through Health Care Workers might improve the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the DM patients regarding DM

scholarly journals Community knowledge, attitude and practices on mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viral diseases in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
kennedy makola mbanzulu ◽  
Leonard E.G. Mboera ◽  
Roger Wumba ◽  
Josué K. Zanga ◽  
Flory K. Luzolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Community Knowledge ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Mosquito-borne viral diseases (MBVD) are among the important human and animal health threats globally. Gaining insights on behaviours and practices of local population on MBVD can improve understanding of socio-demographic and cultural factors to be addressed in intervention packages. This study was carried out to explore community knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding mosquito and MBVD in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).Methods A cross sectional survey involving heads of household was carried out in Kinshasa, DRC, between January and April 2019. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices on mosquito and MBVD was collected through a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info 7 software.Results A total of 1,464 individuals were involved in the study. Of these, 69% were under 44 years of age, 60.7% were females and the majority (90.2%) were educated. One-third of the houses had insect window screens, 61.2% had open garbage cans, 33.4% had outdoor water storage units, 25.1% had stagnant water collection and 22.5% water containers. The majority (80.3%) of the respondent mentioned polluted water bodies as the main mosquito breeding places. Yellow fever (86.6%) was the most commonly known MBVD. Overall, 12% of the respondents knew that mosquitoes are vectors of these viruses. Majority of respondents (72.5%) felt to be at risk of contracting MBVD. Drainage and blocked draining water channels, dirty, agriculture, house and road construction, animal rearing and automobile garages were associated with mosquito abundance. Health professionals, family member, radio/television and/or school/university were the main source of information. Cleaning environment (58%) and/or use of insecticides (25%) were the main measures implemented in controlling of mosquitoes. Mosquito net ownership (87.4%) and use (67%) were high.Conclusion Most of the residents of Kinshasa had limited knowledge on the roles of mosquitoes in the transmission of pathogenic viruses in both humans and animals. Raising awareness and educational sessions are essential in empowering the community on the correct attitudes and practices in order to effectively manage the risk posed by MBVD.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Animal Health Service Providers on Antimicrobial Use Attitudes and Practices: An Examination of Poultry Layer Farmers in Ghana and Kenya

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi Afakye ◽  
Stella Kiambi ◽  
Eric Koka ◽  
Emmanuel Kabali ◽  
Alejandro Dorado-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
The Impact

International organizations and governments have argued that animal health service providers can play a vital role in limiting antimicrobial resistance by promoting the prudent use of antimicrobials. However, there is little research on the impact of these service providers on prudent use at the farm level, especially in low- and middle-income countries where enforcement of prudent-use regulations is limited. Here, we use a mixed-methods approach to assess how animal health-seeking practices on layer farms in Ghana (n = 110) and Kenya (n = 76) impact self-reported antimicrobial usage, engagement in prudent administration and withdrawal practices and perceptions of antimicrobial resistance. In general, our results show that the frequency of health-seeking across a range of service providers (veterinarians, agrovets, and feed distributors) does not significantly correlate with prudent or non-prudent use practices or the levels of antimicrobials used. Instead, we find that patterns of antimicrobial use are linked to how much farmers invest in biosecurity (e.g., footbaths) and the following vaccination protocols. Our results emphasize that more research is required to understand the interactions between animal health service providers and farmers regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. Addressing these gaps will be crucial to inform antimicrobial stewardship training, curriculums and, guidelines whose ultimate purpose is to limit the selection and transmission of antimicrobial resistance.

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