Differential innate immune responses of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes to Salmonella enterica serovars Dublin, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis

2015 ◽  
Vol 165 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Pan ◽  
Marcos H. Rostagno ◽  
Paul D. Ebner ◽  
Susan D. Eicher
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes

scholarly journals Flagellin from Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reveals a Fundamental Role in Chicken Innate Immunity

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Pan ◽  
Qiuxia Cong ◽  
Shizhong Geng ◽  
Qiang Fang ◽  
Xilong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACTRecombinant attenuatedSalmonellavaccines have been extensively studied, with a focus on eliciting specific immune responses against foreign antigens. However, very little is known about the innate immune responses, particularly the role of flagellin, in the induction of innate immunity triggered by recombinant attenuatedSalmonellain chickens. In the present report, we describe twoSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium vaccine strains, wild-type (WT) or flagellin-deficient (flhD)Salmonella, both expressing the fusion protein (F) gene of Newcastle disease virus. We examined the bacterial load and spatiotemporal kinetics of expression of inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) genes in the cecum, spleen, liver, and heterophils following oral immunization of chickens with the twoSalmonellastrains. TheflhDmutant exhibited an enhanced ability to establish systemic infection compared to the WT. In contrast, the WT strain induced higher levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), CXCLi2, and TLR5 mRNAs in cecum, the spleen, and the heterophils than theflhDmutant at different times postinfection. Collectively, the present data reveal a fundamental role of flagellin in the innate immune responses induced by recombinant attenuatedSalmonellavaccines in chickens that should be considered for the rational design of novel vaccines for poultry.

CD14+ monocytes are the main leucocytic sources of CXCL10 in response to Plasmodium falciparum

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Ioannidis ◽  
Emily Eriksson ◽  
Diana S. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Symptomatic Malaria ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Inducible Protein

AbstractThe CXCR3 chemokine CXCL10 or IFN-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10) has been identified as an important biomarker of cerebral malaria (CM) mortality in children. Studies in mouse malaria infection models have shown that CXCL10 blockade alleviates brain intravascular inflammation and protects infected mice from CM. Despite the key role that CXCL10 plays in the development of CM, the leucocytic sources of CXCL10 in response to human malaria are not known. Here we investigated CXCL10 responses to Plasmodium falciparum in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found that PBMCs from malaria-unexposed donors produce CXCL10 in response to P. falciparum and that this response is IFN-γ-dependent. Moreover, CD14+ monocytes were identified as the main leucocytic sources of CXCL10 in peripheral blood, suggesting an important role for innate immune responses in the activation of this pathway involved in the development of symptomatic malaria.

scholarly journals Stem Cell and Macrophage Roles in Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10867
Author(s):  
Pasqualina Scala ◽  
Laura Rehak ◽  
Valentina Giudice ◽  
Elena Ciaglia ◽  
Annibale Alessandro Puca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Muscle Repair ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Cell

In severe muscle injury, skeletal muscle tissue structure and functionality can be repaired through the involvement of several cell types, such as muscle stem cells, and innate immune responses. However, the exact mechanisms behind muscle tissue regeneration, homeostasis, and plasticity are still under investigation, and the discovery of pathways and cell types involved in muscle repair can open the way for novel therapeutic approaches, such as cell-based therapies involving stem cells and peripheral blood mononucleate cells. Indeed, peripheral cell infusions are a new therapy for muscle healing, likely because autologous peripheral blood infusion at the site of injury might enhance innate immune responses, especially those driven by macrophages. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on functions of stem cells and macrophages in skeletal muscle repairs and their roles as components of a promising cell-based therapies for muscle repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals Association of attenuated mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis with porcine peripheral blood leukocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 321 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Stepanova ◽  
Jiri Volf ◽  
Marcela Malcova ◽  
Jan Matiasovic ◽  
Martin Faldyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Blood Leukocytes

scholarly journals Salmonella Suppresses the TRIF-Dependent Type I Interferon Response in Macrophages

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Owen ◽  
C. J. Anderson ◽  
James E. Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intracellular Survival ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Beta Interferon ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica is an intracellular pathogen that causes diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. Salmonella bacteria trigger an autophagic response in host cells upon infection but have evolved mechanisms for suppressing this response, thereby enhancing intracellular survival. We recently reported that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium actively recruits the host tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to the surface of the Salmonella -containing vacuole (SCV) (K. A. Owen et al., PLoS Pathog 10:e1004159, 2014). FAK then suppresses autophagy through activation of the Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway. In FAK −/− macrophages, bacteria are captured in autophagosomes and intracellular survival is attenuated. Here we show that the cell-autonomous bacterial suppression of autophagy also suppresses the broader innate immune response by inhibiting production of beta interferon (IFN-β). Induction of bacterial autophagy (xenophagy), but not autophagy alone, triggers IFN-β production through a pathway involving the adapter TRIF and endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4. Selective FAK knockout in macrophages resulted in rapid bacterial clearance from mucosal tissues after oral infection. Clearance correlated with increased IFN-β production by intestinal macrophages and with IFN-β-dependent induction of IFN-γ by intestinal NK cells. Blockade of either IFN-β or IFN-γ increased host susceptibility to infection, whereas experimental induction of IFN-β was protective. Thus, bacterial suppression of autophagy not only enhances cell-autonomous survival but also suppresses more-systemic innate immune responses by limiting type I and type II interferons. IMPORTANCE Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium represents one of the most commonly identified bacterial causes of foodborne illness worldwide. S . Typhimurium has developed numerous strategies to evade detection by the host immune system. Autophagy is a cellular process that involves the recognition and degradation of defective proteins and organelles. More recently, autophagy has been described as an important means by which host cells recognize and eliminate invading intracellular pathogens and plays a key role in the production of cytokines. Previously, we determined that Salmonella bacteria are able to suppress their own autophagic capture and elimination by macrophages. Building on that study, we show here that the inhibition of autophagy by Salmonella also prevents the induction of a protective cytokine response mediated by beta interferon (IFN-β) and IFN-γ. Together, these findings identify a novel virulence strategy whereby Salmonella bacteria prevent cell autonomous elimination via autophagy and suppress the activation of innate immune responses.

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