Deltamethrin-impregnated collars for the control of canine leishmaniasis: Evaluation of the protective effect and influence on the clinical outcome of Leishmania infection in kennelled stray dogs

2006 ◽  
Vol 142 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Foglia Manzillo ◽  
G. Oliva ◽  
A. Pagano ◽  
L. Manna ◽  
M. Maroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Stray Dogs

DETECTION OF LEISHMANIA INFECTION IN STRAY DOGS IN HUMAN LEISHMANIASIS ENDEMIC AREA IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT WITH ITS POSSIBLE PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossen
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Strip Test

Background: Leishmaniasis is primarily caused by two species of Leishmania (L. donovani and L. infantum) of which clinical infection with L. infantum has been recognized in both humans and dogs as zoonotic disease with dogs as the main reservoir hosts in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Asia and South America. Although L. donovani has been associated with both clinical and asymptomatic infection in humans but it is still associated with asymptomatic infection in dogs in Indian sub-continent without any evidence of zoonotic infection. Objectives: The objective of this research was to investigate the potentiality of dog as reservoir host for visceral leishmaniasis in the human leishmaniasis endemic regions in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 stray dogs in the human VL endemic areas of Mymensingh district were captured for the detection VL during the period of November 2010 to May 2011. The dipstick test rK39 (Bios International; n = 20), Giemsa’s stained impression smears of liver and spleen (n = 6) and PCR with the tissue of liver and spleen (n = 6) were tested as per manufacturer instructions and conventional standard methods. Results: Out of 20 stray dogs examined, 4 (20.0%) were positive for L. donovani infection with rK39 strip test. Of the six randomly selected dogs tested with Modified Giemsa’s stained of impression smears of spleen and liver showed 2 (33.33%) positive whereas PCR technique detected 5 (83.33%) positive for L. donovani. Results of PCR showed 145bp amplicon, specific for L. donovani infection in 83.33% stray dogs. Conclusions: This study reveals that a high percentage of L. donovani asymptomatic carrier infections occur in dogs and evidence indicates that dogs and humans may potentially serve as a source of infection to sand fly vectors and accordingly dogs can be recognized as a probable animal reservoir for the Leishmania infection in the endemic region in Bangladesh. However, further studies are required to determine the ability of dogs to transmit the L. donovani to the vector sand fly in nature and its evidence on ‘One Health’ perspectives. Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis, Endemic region, Stray dogs, rK39 strip test, Giemsa’s stained liver and spleen impression smears, PCR, Reservoir host, Mymensingh

scholarly journals Role of Circulating Immune Complexes in the Pathogenesis of Canine Leishmaniasis: New Players in Vaccine Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Cristina Cacheiro-Llaguno ◽  
Nuria Parody ◽  
Marta R. Escutia ◽  
Jerónimo Carnés
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune

During canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL), due to Leishmania infantum (L. infantum), uncontrolled infection leads to a strong humoral immune response. As a consequence of the production of high antibody levels and the prolonged presence of parasite antigens, circulating immune complexes (CIC) are formed, which can be deposited in certain organs and tissues, inducing vasculitis, uveitis, dermatitis and especially glomerulonephritis and renal failure. A method to detect CIC and quantify their levels in serum samples from dogs infected with L. infantum has been recently described. It allowed demonstration of a correlation between CIC levels and disease severity. Thus, CIC measurement may be useful for diagnosis, assessment of disease progression and monitoring response to treatment. This is an interesting finding, considering that there remains an urgent need for identification of novel biomarkers to achieve a correct diagnosis and for optimal disease staging of dogs suffering from Leishmania infection. The objective of the present review is to shed light on the role of CIC in CanL, as well as to highlight their potential use not only as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers but also as a valuable tool in vaccine development and new immunotherapy strategies to prevent or control disease outcome.

scholarly journals Presence of Leishmania amastigotes in peritoneal fluid of a dog with leishmaniasis from Alagoas, Northeast Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Dantas-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Skin Ulcer ◽  
Popliteal Lymph Node ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Intracellular Amastigotes ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Loss Of Weight

The goal of this short communication is to report the uncommon presence of intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania in peritoneal fluid of a dog with leishmaniasis from Alagoas State, Brazil. Physical examination of an adult male rottweiler suspected to be suffering of leishmaniasis revealed severe loss of weight, ascitis, splenomegaly, moderately enlarged lymph nodes, onychogryphosis, generalized alopecia, skin ulcers on the posterior limbs, and conjunctivitis. Samples of bone marrow, popliteal lymph node, skin ulcer, and peritoneal fluid were collected and smears of each sample were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Numerous amastigotes were detected in bone marrow, popliteal lymph node, and skin ulcer smears. Smears of peritoneal fluid revealed the unusual presence of several free and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania. Future studies are needed to determine whether the cytology of ascitic fluid represents a useful tool for diagnosis Leishmania infection in ascitic dogs, particularly in those living in areas where canine leishmaniasis is enzootic.

Comparison of serological and molecular tests to investigate Leishmania spp. infections in stray dogs from an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira Evaristo ◽  
Andreina de Carvalho Araujo ◽  
Andréa Pereira da Costa ◽  
Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva Sales ◽  
José Alexandre Menezes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the level of exposure to Leishmania infection in stray dogs in an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples from 178 dogs were analyzed using serological and molecular assays: rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (cPCR and qPCR). Positivity values obtained with serological tests were 71.4% (127/178), 70.2% (125/178), and 50.6% (90/178) using ICT, ELISA, and IFAT, respectively, with 38.8% (69/178) of the dogs were simultaneously positive for all three tests. The positivity values obtained with cPCR and qPCR were 20.2% (36/178) and 38.8% (69/178), respectively, with 11.8% (21/178) testing positive in both molecular assays. Overall, 87.1% (155/178) were positive for anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies and/or Leishmania spp. DNA. Positivity to one or more tests was statistically associated with lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions, lymphocytosis, anemia and hyperproteinemia. The results of this study revealed a high level of exposure to Leishmania in stray dogs in an area of intense human visceral leishmaniasis transmission, suggesting that dogs play a role as reservoirs in the transmission cycle of this zoonosis.

Seroprevalence of Canine Leishmaniasis in Owned and Stray Dogs from Grenada, West Indies

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumthekar ◽  
Alfred Chikweto ◽  
Pranav Chawla ◽  
K.P. Tiwari ◽  
Jeremie Gozlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Stray Dogs

Epidemiological survey on Leishmania infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and hunting dogs sharing the same rural area in Southern Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Piantedosi ◽  
Vincenzo Veneziano ◽  
Trentina Di Muccio ◽  
Valentina Foglia Manzillo ◽  
Eleonora Fiorentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

AbstractSouthern Italy, particularly Campania region, is an area where canine leishmaniasis (CanL) and zoonotic human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are endemic. The red fox (

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Real-Time PCR (TaqMan Probe and Sybr Green), Serological Techniques (ELISA, IFA and DAT) and Clinical Signs Evaluation, for the Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniasis in Experimentally Infected Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2627
Author(s):  
María Paz Peris ◽  
Adriana Esteban-Gil ◽  
Paula Ortega-Hernández ◽  
Mariano Morales ◽  
Nabil Halaihel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sybr Green ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) diagnosis is not fully resolved. Currently, two specific methodologies are in continuous development, the detection of the parasite DNA or RNA in target organs and the detection of specific antibodies against Leishmania sp. For a correct diagnosis, it has been shown that the joint use of this type of test is necessary. In this work, a Sybr Green and a TaqMan Probe based on real time PCRs (qPCR) was performed for the detection of Leishmania sp. in order to correlate the results with clinicopathological and serological evaluations (IFA, ELISA and DAT) to propose an optimal biological sample to be used to detect the parasite in both early and late stages of the infection. A total of four samples were processed: conjunctival swabs, popliteal lymph node aspirates, bone marrow aspirates, and peripheral blood from experimentally infected dogs belonging to a larger study. Our results indicated that a single non-invasive sample (conjunctival swab) and the application of both types of qPCR would be reliable for determining Leishmania infection as well as the disease stage in dogs, thus avoiding bone marrow, lymph node aspirate or blood samples collection.

scholarly journals Serological, molecular, and microscopic detection of Leishmania in cats (Felis catus) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Morcatti Coura ◽  
Stephanie Karoline Pereira Passos ◽  
Marina de Oliveira França Pelegrino ◽  
Fabiola de Oliveira Paes Leme ◽  
Gustavo Fontes Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Abstract The role of cats in the epidemiological cycle of leishmaniasis remains unclear. To better understand the occurrence of leishmaniasis in cats, we studied the frequency of Leishmania in serum samples of 100 cats living in an endemic region for canine and human leishmaniasis by serological, parasitological, and molecular methods. Of the 100 cats, 54 were seropositive for Leishmania antibodies by immunofluorescence antibody test. None of the bone marrow aspirates collected from these cats tested positive for the parasite in culture or upon polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Biopsy samples of the ears also tested negative for Leishmania upon PCR analysis. These findings may indicate that the region is endemic for canine leishmaniasis and cats are infected by Leishmania; or that cross-reaction with antibodies against other parasites increases the frequency of seropositivity; or that cats respond to Leishmania infection by producing antibodies when few or no parasites are present in bone marrow and tissue samples. Overall, our results suggest that cats can be infected by Leishmania ; however, we failed to demonstrate feline parasitosis. These findings highlight the need to study leishmaniasis in cats, since sandflies feed on cats, these animals may act as a reservoir for the parasite.

scholarly journals Canine leishmaniasis in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil: epidemiology, factors associated with seropositivity and spatial analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira Evaristo ◽  
Anaiá da Paixão Sevá ◽  
Glauber Meneses Barboza de Oliveira ◽  
Ivo Wesley Gomes da Silva ◽  
Matheus Silva Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, factors associated with seropositivity to Leishmania infection in dogs and spatial analysis in six municipalities in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 462 dogs, 77 in each municipality, and used for serological analysis [dual path platform (DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Clinical signs of dogs were evaluated and associated factors for Leishmania infection were analyzed using robust Poisson regression model. A seroprevalence of 42.8% (198/462, IC: 95% = 38.6%-47.6%) was detected in dogs that tested positive in both tests, ranging from 29.8% to 55.8%, with higher prevalence in the municipality of Cabrobó (55.8%; P = 0.006). About 67% (132/198) of the seropositive dogs showed one or more clinical signs suggestive of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), such as lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions and conjunctivitis, which were associated with seropositivity. High seroprevalence levels were identified in urban and rural areas in all the municipalities, and the buffer for sand flies around cases covered almost these entire areas. Spatial analysis revealed a significant cluster, showing a relative risk of 1.88 in the urban area of Cabrobó. The higher density of seropositive dogs in urban areas indicates the need effective control measures against CanL to prevent the emergence of canine and human diseases.

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