Revisiting the adequacy of infection criteria recommended in VICH GL 7 for anthelmintic effectiveness studies: Retrospective simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 109324
Author(s):  
Xiongce Zhao ◽  
Emily Smith ◽  
Aimee Phillippi-Taylor ◽  
Virginia Recta
Keyword(s):  
Effectiveness Studies

scholarly journals Symptom Cluster-Matching Antidepressant Treatment: A Case Series Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Sławomir Murawiec ◽  
Marek Krzystanek
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Symptom Cluster ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cluster Matching ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

Despite treating depression with antidepressants, their effectiveness is often insufficient. Comparative effectiveness studies and meta-analyses show the effectiveness of antidepressants; however, they do not provide clear indications as to the choice of a specific antidepressant. The rational choice of antidepressants may be based on matching their mechanisms of action to the symptomatic profiles of depression, reflecting the heterogeneity of symptoms in different patients. The authors presented a series of cases of patients diagnosed with depression in whom at least one previous antidepressant treatment was shown to be ineffective before drug targeted symptom cluster-matching treatment (SCMT). The presented pilot study shows for the first time the effectiveness of SCMT in the different clusters of depressive symptoms. All the described patients obtained recovery from depressive symptoms after introducing drug-targeted SCMT. Once validated in clinical trials, SCMT might become an effective and rational method of selecting an antidepressant according to the individual profile of depressive symptoms, the mechanism of their formation, and the mechanism of drug action. Although the study results are preliminary, SCMT can be a way to personalize treatment, increasing the likelihood of improvement even in patients who meet criteria for treatment-resistant depression.

scholarly journals A Call for a Reform of the Influenza Immunization Program in Mexico: Epidemiologic and Economic Evidence for Decision Making

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Roberto Tapia-Conyer ◽  
Miguel Betancourt-Cravioto ◽  
Alejandra Montoya ◽  
Jorge Abelardo Falcón-Lezama ◽  
Myrna María Alfaro-Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Decision Analytic Model ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Influenza Case ◽  
One Year ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

Limited information is available to determine the effectiveness of Mexico’s national influenza vaccination guidelines and inform policy updates. We aim to propose reforms to current influenza vaccination policies based on our analysis of cost-effectiveness studies. This cross-sectional epidemiological study used influenza case, death, discharge and hospitalization data from several influenza seasons and applied a one-year decision-analytic model to assess cost-effectiveness. The primary health outcome was influenza cases avoided; secondary health outcomes were influenza-related events associated with case reduction. By increasing vaccination coverage to 75% in the population aged 12–49 years with risk factors (diabetes, high blood pressure, morbid obesity, chronic renal failure, asthma, pregnancy), and expanding universal vaccination coverage to school-aged children (5–11 years) and adults aged 50–59 years, 7142–671,461 influenza cases; 1–15 deaths; 7615–262,812 healthcare visits; 2886–154,143 emergency room admissions and 2891–97,637 hospitalizations could be prevented (ranges correspond to separate age and risk factor groups), with a net annual savings of 3.90 to 111.99 million USD. Such changes to the current vaccination policy could potentially result in significant economic and health benefits. These data could be used to inform the revision of a vaccination policy in Mexico with substantial social value.

scholarly journals 10 Years of Pulsed-Xenon Ultraviolet Disinfection

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s438-s438
Author(s):  
Mark Stibich ◽  
Sarah Simmons ◽  
Deborah Passey
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Environmental Effectiveness ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

Background: Ultraviolet light (UV) disinfection using low-pressure mercury lamps has been around since the 1940s. The advent of pulsed-xenon UV for hospital use in 2010 has provided a nontoxic and novel technology for hospital disinfection with the first data presented at the 2010 SHEA Decennial. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the current body of evidence for pulsed xenon UV disinfection. Methods: The literature search criteria included the following: research conducted in domestic and international settings using pulsed-xenon for surface disinfection, published between 2000 and 2019, and reporting on environmental effectiveness or hospital-acquired reductions (HAIs). We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The meta-analysis included 24 studies: 12 HAI outcome studies and 12 environmental effectiveness studies. Meta-analyses were conducted by calculating the percentage reductions for environmental effectiveness, and for the HAI outcome studies, we used a random-effects model to pool the relative risk of HAI. The outcome studies used 272 and 299 months of data for the experimental and control groups, respectively. Results: There was an overall benefit of using pulsed-xenon UV. The overall relative risk of infection decreased compared to the control arm (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.54–0.76). The percentage reductions in environmental studies were as follows: Clostridioides difficile (94.8%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (91.5%), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (99.2%), and aerobic bacteria (94.2%). Conclusions: Overall, pulsed-xenon UV was effective for reducing environmental contamination and had the ability to significantly reduce HAIs.Funding: Xenex, Inc., funded this study.Disclosures: Mark Stibich receives a salary from Xenex and is a shareholder of Xenex. Deborah Passey receives a salary from Xenex Disinfection Services.

Predicting the Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 Vaccine from SARS-CoV-2 Variants Neutralisation Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Volkov ◽  
Svetlana Borozdenkova ◽  
Alexander Gray
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Life Effectiveness ◽  
Correlates Of Protection ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

Modelling frameworks for vaccine protection are sorely needed to fight the Covid-19 pandemic with vaccines. We propose such a framework for the BNT162b2 and potentially other vaccines. It identifies correlates of protection based on live SARS-CoV-2 variants neutralising antibody titres from vaccinated individuals. We applied it to predict vaccine effectiveness in overall populations and age subgroups. It was validated by predicting effectiveness against the B.1.167.2 (Delta) variant. The predictions, of 51.7% (34%, 69%) after one and of 88.6% (76%, 97%) after two vaccine doses, were close to the corresponding means, 49% and 85.4%, of observations in real-life effectiveness studies. We illustrate its applications to inform decisions, such as about the doses and timing of vaccine boosters.

Abstract TP286: A Literature Review of Cost-effectiveness of Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Treating Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijing Wang ◽  
Heesoo Joo ◽  
Mary G George
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

Introduction: Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA) is recommended treatment for acute ischemic stroke patients, but the cost-effectiveness of IV rtPA within different time windows after the onset of acute ischemic stroke is not well reviewed. Objectives: We conducted a literature review of the cost-effectiveness studies about IV rtPA. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and EconLit, with the key words stroke, cost, economic benefit, saving, cost-effectiveness, tissue plasminogen activator, and rtPA. The review is limited to original research articles published during 1995–2014 in English-language peer-reviewed journals. Results: We found 15 studies meeting our criteria for this review. Nine of them were cost-effectiveness studies of IV rtPA treatment within 0-3 hours after stroke onset, 2 studies within 3-4.5 hours, 3 studies within 0-4.5 hours, and 1 study within 0-6 hours. IV rtPA is a cost-saving or a cost-effectiveness strategy from most of the study results. Only one study showed incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of IV rtPA within one year was marginally above $50,000 per QALY threshold. IV rtPA within 0-3 hours after stroke led to cost savings for lifetime or 30 years, and IV rtPA within 3-4.5 hours after stroke increased costs but still was cost-effective. Conclusions: The literature generally showed that intravenous IV rtPA was a dominant or a cost-effective strategy compared to traditional treatment for acute ischemic stroke patients without IV rtPA. The findings from the literature lacked generalizability because of limited data and various assumptions.

scholarly journals Changes in physiological and behavioral parameters of preterm infants undergoing body hygiene: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia de Freitas ◽  
Silvia Rezende Marques ◽  
Taisy Bezerra Alves ◽  
Juliana Takahashi ◽  
Amélia Fumiko Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Review Question ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

Objective To verify the effect of bathing on the body temperature of preterm infants (PTI). Method Systematic review conducted in the following bibliographic electronic sources: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/Lilacs (BVS), Cumulated Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science, using a combination of search terms, keywords and free terms. The review question was adjusted to the PICO acronym (Patient/population, Intervention, Control/comparative intervention, Outcome). The selected publications were evaluated according to levels of evidence and grades of recommendation for efficacy/effectiveness studies, as established by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results Eight hundred and twenty four (824) publications were identified and four studies met the inclusion criteria, of which three analyzed the effect of sponge baths and the effect of immersion baths. Conclusion Sponge baths showed a statistically significant drop in body temperature, while in immersion baths the body temperature remained stable, although they studied late preterm infants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document