Transoral approach to excision of massive dermoid cysts in pediatric patients: A case series

OBJECTIVEFew studies describe long-term functional outcomes of pediatric patients who have undergone lumbar microdiscectomy (LMD) because of the rarity of pediatric disc herniation and the short follow-up periods. The authors analyzed risk factors, clinical presentation, complications, and functional outcomes of a single-institution series of LMD patients over a 19-year period.METHODSA retrospective case series was conducted of pediatric LMD patients at a large pediatric academic hospital from 1998 to 2017. The authors examined premorbid risk factors, clinical presentation, physical examination findings, type and duration of conservative management, indications for surgical intervention, complications, and postoperative outcomes.RESULTSOver the 19-year study period, 199 patients underwent LMD at the authors’ institution. The mean age at presentation was 16.0 years (range 12–18 years), and 55.8% were female. Of these patients, 70.9% participated in competitive sports, and among those who did not play sports, 65.0% had a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2. Prior to surgery, conservative management had failed in 98.0% of the patients. Only 3 patients (1.5%) presented with cauda equina syndrome requiring emergent microdiscectomy. Complications included 4 cases of postoperative CSF leak (2.0%), 1 case of a noted intraoperative CSF leak, and 3 cases of wound infection (1.5%). At the first postoperative follow-up appointment, minimal or no pain was reported by 93.3% of patients. The mean time to return to sports was 9.8 weeks. During a mean follow-up duration of 8.2 years, 72.9% of patients did not present again after routine postoperative appointments. The total risk of reoperation was a rate of 7.5% (3.5% of patients underwent reoperation for the same level; 4.5% underwent adjacent-level decompression, and one patient [0.5%] ultimately underwent a fusion).CONCLUSIONSMicrodiscectomy is a safe and effective treatment for long-term relief of pain and return to daily activities among pediatric patients with symptomatic lumbar disc disease in whom conservative management has failed.

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Are children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at high risk for thrombosis? Viscoelastic testing and coagulation profiles in a case series of pediatric patients

Pediatric Blood & Cancer ◽

10.1002/pbc.28737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Maha Al‐Ghafry ◽

Banu Aygun ◽

Abena Appiah‐Kubi ◽

Adrianna Vlachos ◽

Gholamabbas Ostovar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Case Series ◽

Risk For Thrombosis

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Masses of the Sternoclavicular Area: Case Series and Review of the Literature

Clinical Medicine Insights Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/11795565211021600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 117955652110216

Author(s):

Parisa Oviedo ◽

Morgan Bliss

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Series ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Incision And Drainage ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Ganglion Cysts ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Bronchogenic Cysts

Objective: Masses of the sternoclavicular area are rare, and are not well described in the literature. We aim to present a series of patients with masses in this location and to review all reported English language cases of sternoclavicular masses in pediatric patients. Methods: This is a case series of pediatric patients with masses of the sternoclavicular area presenting to a tertiary care pediatric hospital from 2010 through 2017. Data was collected by using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes to query the electronic medical record. Chart review included age at presentation, mass characteristics, medical and surgical interventions, and pathology results. A review of the literature was then performed. Results: Ten patients with masses overlying the sternoclavicular area were identified. Four patients presented with abscess and were treated with incision and drainage. Three of these patients were then treated with staged excision once infection cleared. Two additional patients were treated with primary excision. Four patients were treated with observation. The most common histopathologic finding was epidermoid. One patient was found to have a dermoid cyst, and 1 had a congenital cartilaginous rest. Conclusion: Epidermoids and dermoids are the most common masses overlying the sternoclavicular area. Controversy remains regarding the embryologic origin of sternoclavicular masses. The differential for masses in this area also includes branchial remnants, bronchogenic cysts, ganglion cysts, or septic arthritis.

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Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Adults: A Retrospective Case Series

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports ◽

10.1177/23247096211026406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 232470962110264

Author(s):

Taylor Warmoth ◽

Malvika Ramesh ◽

Kenneth Iwuji ◽

John S. Pixley

Keyword(s):

Macrophage Activation Syndrome ◽

Macrophage Activation ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Case Series ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Activation Syndrome

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a form of hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis that occurs in patients with a variety of inflammatory rheumatologic conditions. Traditionally, it is noted in pediatric patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematous. It is a rapidly progressive and life-threatening syndrome of excess immune activation with an estimated mortality rate of 40% in children. It has become clear recently that MAS occurs in adult patients with underlying rheumatic inflammatory diseases. In this article, we describe 6 adult patients with likely underlying MAS. This case series will outline factors related to diagnosis, pathophysiology, and review present therapeutic strategies.

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766. Everything Old is New Again-A Case Series of New World Leishmaniasis in African Children in Portland, Maine

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S428-S428

Author(s):

Jennifer Jubulis ◽

Amanda Goddard ◽

Elizabeth Seiverling ◽

Marc Kimball ◽

Carol A McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

New World ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Case Series ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Travel History

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis has many clinical manifestations and treatment regimens, dependent on species and host. Old world leishmaniasis is found primarily in Africa and Asia, and is associated with visceral disease, while new world disease, seen primarily in Latin America, is more commonly mucocutaneous. We present a case series of pediatric African patients with New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (NWCL). Methods Data extraction was performed via chart review, analyzing travel history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management in children with cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting to the pediatric infectious diseases clinic in Portland, ME. Biopsy specimens were sent to the federal CDC for identification by PCR and culture. Results Five cases of NWCL were diagnosed in pediatric patients in Maine from November 2018 through February 2020. Median age of patients was 10 years (range 1.5-15 years). Four cases (80%) occurred in children from Angola or Democratic Republic of Congo, arriving in Maine via Central/South America, with one case in a child from Rwanda who arrived in Maine via Texas. Three patients had multiple skin lesions and two had isolated facial lesions. Leishmaniasis was not initially suspected resulting in median time to diagnosis of 5 months (range 1-7 months). Four patients were initially treated with antibacterials for cellulitis and one was treated with griseofulvin. After no improvement, patients underwent biopsy with 2 patients diagnosed with L panamensis, 1 with L braziliensis, 1 with mixed infection (L panamensis and L mexicana), and 1 with Leishmania species only. One patient was managed with surgical excision, 3 with ketoconazole, and 1 was observed off therapy. Four patients were referred to otolaryngology. All continue to be followed in infectious disease clinic. Conclusion We present five cases of new world cutaneous leishmaniasis in African pediatric patients arriving to Maine through Latin America or Texas. Patients were diagnosed with cellulitis, tinea corporis or atopic dermatitis initially, underscoring importance of high index of suspicion in migrant patients. Detailed travel history and epidemiologic knowledge is essential to diagnosis, as patients may present with illness not congruent with country of origin. Optimal therapy remains unclear. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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0897 Sleep Disordered Breathing In Pediatric Patients With Turner Syndrome

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.893 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A341-A342

Author(s):

Y A Yu ◽

B V Vaughn

Keyword(s):

Sleep Apnea ◽

Turner Syndrome ◽

Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Case Series ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome ◽

Disordered Breathing

Abstract Introduction Turner syndrome (TS) is a common genetic disorder that affects phenotypic females with partial or complete absence of one X chromosome. It typically presents with characteristic facial appearance, neck webbing, lymphedema, linear growth failure, and ovarian insufficiency. TS is also associated with other disorders, though sleep related disorders are not commonly reported. We present a case series of pediatric patients diagnosed with TS and assess their risk for sleep disordered breathing. Methods This study utilized retrospective chart review of the electronic medical record at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from April 2014 to January 2019. Only pediatric patients under the age of 18 years who had previously undergone polysomnography and carrying the diagnosis of Turner syndrome were included in this study. Polysomnography results were reviewed. Results Retrospective chart analysis yielded ten (10) patients who qualified for inclusion. The mean age was 8.3 years (age range 1-15 years). Nine (9) patients were found to have sleep disordered breathing ranging from upper airway resistance syndrome to moderate sleep apnea (AHI range 1.2 to 6.2). Six (6) patients were found to have elevated periodic limb movement indices (PLM index range 5.1 to 30). Parasomnias and hypoventilation were not seen. Conclusion Our case series illustrates that sleep disordered breathing may be more common in TS than previously realized. Eklund et al. found that females with TS had more retrognathic mandibles and maxillas, shorter mandibles, and larger cranial base angles. These findings may indicate elevated risk of sleep apnea. Further studies are needed to define the overall risk of sleep disordered breathing in TS. Support None.

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Occipitocervicothoracic stabilization in pediatric patients

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2011.4.peds10450 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 57-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kyle M. Fargen ◽

Richard C. E. Anderson ◽

David H. Harter ◽

Peter D. Angevine ◽

Valerie C. Coon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Thoracic Spine ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Pathological Condition ◽

Case Series ◽

Neurological Function ◽

Spinal Reconstruction ◽

Spine Deformities ◽

Distal Fixation

Object Although rarely encountered, pediatric patients with severe cervical spine deformities and instability may occasionally require occipitocervicothoracic instrumentation and fusion. This case series reports the experience of 4 pediatric centers in managing this condition. Occipitocervical fixation is the treatment of choice for craniocervical instability that is symptomatic or threatens neurological function. In children, the most common distal fixation level with modern techniques is C-2. Treated patients maintain a significant amount of neck motion due to the flexibility of the subaxial cervical spine. Distal fixation to the thoracic spine has been reported in adult case series. This procedure is to be avoided due to the morbidity of complete loss of head and neck motion. Unfortunately, in rare cases, the pathological condition or highly aberrant anatomy may require occipitocervical constructs to include the thoracic spine. Methods The authors identified 13 patients who underwent occipitocervicothoracic fixation. Demographic, radiological, and clinical data were gathered through retrospective review of patient records from 4 institutions. Results Patients ranged from 1 to 14 years of age. There were 7 girls and 6 boys. Diagnoses included Klippel-Feil, Larsen, Morquio, and VATER syndromes as well as postlaminectomy kyphosis and severe skeletal dysplasia. Four patients were neurologically intact and 9 had myelopathy. Five children were treated with preoperative traction prior to instrumentation; 5 underwent both anterior and posterior spinal reconstruction. Two patients underwent instrumentation beyond the thoracic spine. Allograft was used anteriorly, and autologous rib grafts were used in the majority for posterior arthrodesis. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 43 months. Computed tomography confirmed fusion in 9 patients; the remaining patients were lost to follow-up or had not undergone repeat imaging at the time of writing. Patients with myelopathy either improved or stabilized. One child had mild postoperative unilateral upper-extremity weakness, and a second child died due to a tracheostomy infection. All patients had severe movement restriction as expected. Conclusions Occipitocervicothoracic stabilization may be employed to stabilize and reconstruct complex pediatric spinal deformities. Neurological function can be maintained or improved. The long-term morbidity of loss of cervical motion remains to be elucidated.

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