scholarly journals Optic cup and lens development requires Pax6 expression in the early optic vesicle during a narrow time window

2006 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Valeria Canto-Soler ◽  
Ruben Adler
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Lens Development ◽  
Pax6 Expression ◽  
Optic Cup

A reinvestigation of some of the tissue movements involved in the formation of the neural tube and the eye/lens system of Triturus alpestris and Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
R. S. Lowery
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Lens System ◽  
Lens Development ◽  
Triturus Alpestris ◽  
Optic Cup

Since the beginning of the century the generally accepted scheme of eye/lens development has been that proposed by Spemann (1901) and later confirmed by numerous workers. According to this scheme the two presumptive components of the definitive eye, the optic cup and the lens, are spatially separated at the flat neural plate stage. They later come into apposition as a result of tissue movements which occur during the formation of the neural tube; the optic vesicle then provides an inductive stimulus for the subsequent development of the presumptive lens tissue. Spemann's suggestions concerning the tissue movements involved in the early formation of the eye/lens system do not appear to have been fundamentally questioned until the publication of a number of papers by Chanturishvili (1943, 1949,1958,1959,1962), although the theory of lens induction has been modified by workers such as Liedke (1955), Jacobson (1963) and von Woellwarth (1962).

The Msh-like homeobox genes define domains in the developing vertebrate eye

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Monaghan ◽  
D.R. Davidson ◽  
C. Sime ◽  
E. Graham ◽  
R. Baldock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Neural Retina ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Surface Ectoderm ◽  
Optic Cup ◽  
Vertebrate Eye

The mouse Hox-7.1 gene has previously been shown to be related to the Drosophila Msh homeobox-containing gene. Here we report the isolation of a new member of this family which resides at an unlinked chromosomal location and has been designated Hox-8.1. Both Hox-7.1 and Hox-8.1 are expressed in the mouse embryo during the early stages of eye development in a distinct spatial and temporal relationship. Hox-8.1 is expressed in the surface ectoderm and in the optic vesicle before invagination occurs in regions corresponding to the prospective corneal epithelium and neural retina, respectively. Hox-7.1 is expressed after formation of the optic cup, marking the domain that will give rise to the ciliary body. The activity of these genes indicates that the inner layer of the optic cup is differentiated into three distinct compartments before overt cellular differentiation occurs. Our results suggest that these genes are involved in defining the region that gives rise to the inner layer of the optic cup and in patterning this tissue to define the iris, ciliary body and retina.

scholarly journals Genetics and functions of the retinoic acid pathway, with special emphasis on the eye

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Thompson ◽  
Nicholas Katsanis ◽  
Nicholas Apostolopoulos ◽  
David C. Thompson ◽  
Daniel W. Nebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Optic Cup ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Acid Pathway

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) is a potent morphogen required for embryonic development. RA is formed in a multistep process from vitamin A (retinol); RA acts in a paracrine fashion to shape the developing eye and is essential for normal optic vesicle and anterior segment formation. Perturbation in RA-signaling can result in severe ocular developmental diseases—including microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma. RA-signaling is also essential for embryonic development and life, as indicated by the significant consequences of mutations in genes involved in RA-signaling. The requirement of RA-signaling for normal development is further supported by the manifestation of severe pathologies in animal models of RA deficiency—such as ventral lens rotation, failure of optic cup formation, and embryonic and postnatal lethality. In this review, we summarize RA-signaling, recent advances in our understanding of this pathway in eye development, and the requirement of RA-signaling for embryonic development (e.g., organogenesis and limb bud development) and life.

scholarly journals Epithelial flow into the optic cup facilitated by suppression of BMP drives eye morphogenesis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Heermann ◽  
Lucas Schuetz ◽  
Steffen Lemke ◽  
Kerstin Krieglstein ◽  
Joachim Wittbrodt
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Retinal Pigmented Epithelium ◽  
Basal Surface ◽  
Classical View ◽  
Optic Cup ◽  
Pigmented Epithelium ◽  
Vertebrate Eye ◽  
Eye Morphogenesis

The transformation of the oval optic vesicle to a hemispheric bi-layered optic cup involves major morphological changes during early vertebrate eye development. According to the classical view, the lens-averted epithelium differentiates into the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), while the lens-facing epithelium forms the neuroretina. We find a 4.7 fold increase of the entire basal surface of the optic cup. Although the area an individual RPC demands at its basal surface declines during optic cup formation, we find a 4.7 fold increase of the entire basal surface of the optic cup. We demonstrate that the lens-averted epithelium functions as reservoir and contributes to the growing neuroretina by epithelial flow around the distal rims of the optic cup. This flow is negatively modulated by BMP, which arrests epithelial flow. This inhibition results in persisting neuroretina in the RPE domain and ultimately in coloboma.

scholarly journals Spatial specification of mammalian eye territories by reciprocal transcriptional repression of Pax2 and Pax6

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (20) ◽  
pp. 4325-4334 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schwarz ◽  
F. Cecconi ◽  
G. Bernier ◽  
N. Andrejewski ◽  
B. Kammandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Pax6 Gene ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Pax6 Expression ◽  
Expression Domain ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Optic Stalk ◽  
Optic Cup

We have studied the molecular basis of the Pax2 and Pax6 function in the establishment of visual system territories. Loss-of-function mutants have revealed crucial roles for Pax2 in the generation of the optic stalk and for Pax6 in the development of the optic cup. Ectopic expression of Pax6 in the optic stalk under control of Pax2 promoter elements resulted in a shift of the optic cup/optic stalk boundary indicated by the presence of retinal pigmented cells on the optic stalk. By studying mouse embryos at early developmental stages we detected an expansion of Pax2 expression domain in the Pax6(−/−) mutant and of Pax6 expression domain in the Pax2(−/−) embryo. These results suggest that the position of the optic cup/optic stalk boundary depends on Pax2 and Pax6 expression, hinting at a possible molecular interaction. Using gel shift experiments, we confirmed the presence of Pax2- and Pax6-binding sites on the retina enhancer of the Pax6 gene and on the Pax2 upstream control region, respectively. Co-transfection experiments revealed a reciprocal inhibition of Pax2 promoter/enhancer activity by Pax6 protein and vice versa. Based on our findings, we propose a model for Pax gene regulation that establishes the proper spatial regionalization of the mammalian visual system.

scholarly journals Eye morphogenesis driven by epithelial flow into the optic cup facilitated by modulation of bone morphogenetic protein

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Heermann ◽  
Lucas Schütz ◽  
Steffen Lemke ◽  
Kerstin Krieglstein ◽  
Joachim Wittbrodt
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Eye Development ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Basal Surface ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Retinal Determination ◽  
Optic Cup ◽  
Morphological Transformations ◽  
Vertebrate Eye ◽  
Ciliary Marginal Zone

The hemispheric, bi-layered optic cup forms from an oval optic vesicle during early vertebrate eye development through major morphological transformations. The overall basal surface, facing the developing lens, is increasing, while, at the same time, the space basally occupied by individual cells is decreasing. This cannot be explained by the classical view of eye development. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model, we show that the lens-averted epithelium functions as a reservoir that contributes to the growing neuroretina through epithelial flow around the distal rims of the optic cup. We propose that this flow couples morphogenesis and retinal determination. Our 4D data indicate that future stem cells flow from their origin in the lens-averted domain of the optic vesicle to their destination in the ciliary marginal zone. BMP-mediated inhibition of the flow results in ectopic neuroretina in the RPE domain. Ultimately the ventral fissure fails to close resulting in coloboma.

scholarly journals On the development of the layers of the retina in the chick after the formation of the optic cup

1902 ◽  
Vol 70 (459-466) ◽  
pp. 84-86
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
External Limiting Membrane ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Optic Cup ◽  
Embryonic Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebral Vesicle

The inner wall of the retinal cup in a 4th-day chick has exactly the same structure as the wall of the embryonic cerebral vesicles or spinal cord at the same stage of development. Thus all the structures which His has described in the wall of the embryonic spinal cord can be also recognised in the inner wall of the retinal cup, and may therefore receive similar names. (1.) A network (the myelospongium), which is produced by the union of the processes of cells called spongio-blasts. The outer and inner extremities of the myelospongium network fuse to form the external and internal limiting membranes respectively (the external limiting membrane of the retina corresponds to the internal limiting membrane of the embryonic spinal cord or cerebral vesicle as it is next to the. cavity of the original optic vesicle).

A critical role for the optic vesicle in lens development; A reinvestigation of free lens formation in

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Mizuno ◽  
Makoto Mochii ◽  
Chiyo Takagi ◽  
T. C. Takahashi ◽  
Goro Eguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Lens Development ◽  
Lens Formation

Mechanics of Optic Cup Invagination in the Embryonic Chick Eye

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Oltean ◽  
David C. Beebe ◽  
Larry A. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Eye Development ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Surface Ectoderm ◽  
Morphogenetic Process ◽  
Optic Cup ◽  
Optic Vesicles ◽  
Lens Vesicle ◽  
Lens Placode

Invagination of epithelia is an essential morphogenetic process that occurs in early eye development. The mechanics of the tissue forces necessary for eye invagination are not yet understood [1]. The eyes begin as two optic vesicles that grow outwards from the forebrain and adhere to the surface ectoderm. At this point of contact, both the surface ectoderm and optic vesicle thicken, forming the lens placode and retinal placode, respectively. The two placodes then bend inward to create the lens vesicle and bilayered optic cup (OC) [1, 2].

scholarly journals Raldh2 expression in optic vesicle generates a retinoic acid signal needed for invagination of retina during optic cup formation

2004 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix A. Mic ◽  
Andrei Molotkov ◽  
Natalia Molotkova ◽  
Gregg Duester
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Optic Cup
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