scholarly journals Laboratory phenomics predicts field performance and identifies superior indica haplotypes for early seedling vigour in dry direct-seeded rice

Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Menard ◽  
Nitika Sandhu ◽  
Daniel Anderson ◽  
Margaret Catolos ◽  
Kirsty L. Hassall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Direct Seeded

EARLY SEEDLING VIGOUR AND SEED WEIGHT IN RELATION TO BREEDING IN SMOOTH BROMEGRASS, BROMUS INERMIS LEYSS.

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Tossell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Early Seedling

Variability in early seedling vigour was studied in polycross progenies from highly selected plants rated as good in other agronomic characters and in open-pollinated progenies from previously unselected So plants. Differences were found in both groups in rate and per cent emergence, and in height and vigour at 28 days. Considering the variability observed in these characters and the favourable associations found, it appears that early seedling vigour in bromegrass can be improved by selection within the species.Seed weight was closely associated with early seedling vigour. Plants differed widely in seed weight, and in breeding for early seedling vigour it appears that most rapid progress can be made by screening breeding material for seed weight. Because seed weight did not account for all of the differences among progenies in seedling vigour, progenies from high seed weight plants or families should be subjected to a seedling vigour test to further select for this character. The close relationship found between greenhouse and field trials indicates that at least the initial screening can be done in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Transcriptional and biochemical analyses of gibberellin expression and content in germinated barley grain

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1870-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie S Betts ◽  
Christoph Dockter ◽  
Oliver Berkowitz ◽  
Helen M Collins ◽  
Michelle Hooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Germinated Barley ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Abstract Mobilization of reserves in germinated cereal grains is critical for early seedling vigour, global crop productivity, and hence food security. Gibberellins (GAs) are central to this process. We have developed a spatio-temporal model that describes the multifaceted mechanisms of GA regulation in germinated barley grain. The model was generated using RNA sequencing transcript data from tissues dissected from intact, germinated grain, which closely match measurements of GA hormones and their metabolites in those tissues. The data show that successful grain germination is underpinned by high concentrations of GA precursors in ungerminated grain, the use of independent metabolic pathways for the synthesis of several bioactive GAs during germination, and a capacity to abort bioactive GA biosynthesis. The most abundant bioactive form is GA1, which is synthesized in the scutellum as a glycosyl conjugate that diffuses to the aleurone, where it stimulates de novo synthesis of a GA3 conjugate and GA4. Synthesis of bioactive GAs in the aleurone provides a mechanism that ensures the hormonal signal is relayed from the scutellum to the distal tip of the grain. The transcript data set of 33 421 genes used to define GA metabolism is available as a resource to analyse other physiological processes in germinated grain.

Performance of Northern Red Oak Planting Stock

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Zaczek ◽  
Kim C. Steiner ◽  
Todd W. Bowersox
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Direct Seeded

Abstract Northern red oak planting trials were established in three clearcuts in Pennsylvania to evaluate field performance in relation to type of planting stock (1-0, 2-0, 1-1, 2-1, containerized direct-seeded) and other treatments (undercutting in the nursery, top-clipping at planting time, hormone treatment of roots). All treatments were planted simultaneously, and most employed the same genetic material. After 3 yr in the field, seedlings that had been grown for 2 yr in 7.9-1 pots were tallest and had the best survival, but this stock was expensive to produce and difficult to plant. The 2-0 bareroot stock performed best among remaining treatments, especially if the seedlings had been undercut in the nursery. Undercutting was not beneficial to the performance of 1-0 seedlings. Top-clipping and a hormone treatment had little effect on performance. Seedlings from direct-seeding were as tall as those from 1-0 stock. The advantage of 2-0 stock over 1-0 stock was partly, but not entirely, attributable to its larger size. North. J. Appl. For. 10(3):105-111.

The role of allelopathy in legume decline in pastures. I. Effects of pasture and crop residues on germination and survival of subterranean clover in the field and nursery

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Leigh ◽  
DM Halsall ◽  
MD Holgate
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Good Germination

In a series of five trials, three conducted in the field and two in seed-flats in the nursery, it was shown that mulched residues from Phalaris aquatica and Triticum aestivum reduced the germination and production of Trifolium subterraneum. The deleterious effects observed with the mulched residues were not evident when the residues were incorporated into the upper soil layer. It is suggested that a reduction of the residues in pastures before the opening rains in autumn would be an essential requirement to ensure good germination and early seedling vigour from the annual legume component in mixed legume/grass pastures, especially those based on P. aquatica.

scholarly journals Down-regulation of the cotton endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene KOR1 disrupts endosperm cellularization, delays embryo development, and reduces early seedling vigour

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 3071-3083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Shang ◽  
Qichao Chai ◽  
Qinghu Zhang ◽  
Jianxiong Jiang ◽  
Tianzhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Early Seedling

Seed coating reduces respiration losses and affects sugar metabolism during germination and early seedling growth in cereals

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Gorim ◽  
Folkard Asch
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seed Coats

Seed germination and the successful establishment of young seedlings is an important aspect of plant life. Seed coats are used to improve stand establishment and early seedling vigour. Seedlings growing from hydro-absorber coated barley, rye and wheat with coat-shares greater than 75% of the average seed have been shown to promote better seedling growth compared with those seedlings growing from uncoated seeds. We investigated how and why these seedlings performed better by analysing the proportion of grain reserves mobilised for growth and respiration as well as how both sucrose and glucose available in the embryo translated into seedling growth in the presence or absence of seed coats containing hydro-absorber gel. We found that mobilisation efficiency was higher, resulting in higher biomass in these cereals when they were coated. The relationship between sucrose and glucose available to the seedling as well as its correlation with early seedling growth indicate a switch in the enzymatic cleavage of embryonic sucrose from invertase to sucrose synthase. This in turn indicates that in coated seeds, embryonic tissue must be hypoxic leading to a more efficient use of glucose and thus reduced respiration losses during germination.

scholarly journals Effect of Stand Reduction at Different Growth Stages on Yield of Paprika-Type Chile Pepper

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Israel Joukhadar ◽  
Stephanie Walker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Population ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Paprika-type chile (Capsicum annuum L.) crops are susceptible to plant population losses through pest activity, disease, and extreme weather events such as hail storms. This study was conducted to determine the influence of intensity and timing of plant population reductions on the final harvested yield of paprika-type chile so that informed decisions can be made regarding continuing or ending a damaged field. Two trials, one per year, were conducted in southern New Mexico. ‘LB-25’, a standard commercial cultivar, was direct seeded on 29 March 2016 and 4 April 2017. Plants were thinned at three different growth stages; early seedling, first bloom, and peak bloom. Plants were thinned to four levels at each phenological stage; 0% stand reduction (control; ~200,000 plants/ha), 60% stand reduction (~82,000 plants/ha), 70% stand reduction (~60,000 plants/ha), and 80% stand reduction (~41,000 plant/ha). In both years, the main effects of stand reduction had a significant impact on harvested yield, emphasizing the percentage of stand reduction has more of an impact on yield than timing in paprika-type red chile. Consistently, an 80% stand reduction in paprika-type chile significantly reduced fresh red chile yield by 26% to 38%.

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