The Effect of Silicon and The Status of Phenolic Compounds On The Germination of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Under Temperature Stress

The aim of the study was to evaluate the elevated temperature on germination and seedling growth and the ameliorative effect of silicon on the phenolic compounds of black-eyed cowpea. The seeds were allowed to germinate at 30 (control), 36 and 44°C temperatures, under controlled conditions, silicons were with concentrations of 0.0 (control) and 1.5 mM. In the second phase of the experiment, some of the seeds were grown in plastic cups with sieved soil at 30 °C, 36 °C and 44 °C for phenolic compounds. Among the temperature treatments, plant deaths occurred at 44 °C. The raise in temperature importantly reduced germination and related traits. Except for SL, the seeds showed good germination at 30 °C after Si application. In high temperatures, silicon applications had a positive effect on germination and seedling growth, except for the germination rate. Results showed that an increase in GA, PA, Q, CAM, CA, PCA, SA, VA, CAF as temperatures increased. But chlorogenic acid and Q values were higher at 30 °C. This study clearly observed that the growth of cowpea seedlings decreased with temperature increase, but silicon attenuated these effects.

PERCEPTIONS ET STRATEGIES PAYSANNES DE GESTION DE LA FERTILITE DES SOLS DANS LA REGION DE TILLABERY DE LOUEST DU NIGER

Farms face declining soil fertility. Maintaining this fertility becomes a concern for famers who adopt several strategies to this end. Hence, it is important to know these strategies to better improve and value them. It is in this context that a study was carried out in 15 villages within three municipalities of Tillabery region in Niger. Its objective is to study farmers soil fertility management perceptions and strategies in the municipalities of Gotheye, Tagazar and Torodi. Data collection was carried out through individual surveys of 300 farm managers, with 20 per village, or 100 per municipality. The respondents are mainly illiterate (56%) with agriculture (82%) and house farming (88%) as main activities. They said the soils are poor. Their indicators are soil color (40%), good germination (24%), yield (23%), and soil poorness indicator species (13%). To overcome this, farmers use more manure which is managed sparingly. However, the fallow, neglected by the majority of farmers, lasts only 2 or 3 years. The promotion of integrated soil fertility management through ANR, the use of manures and degraded lands restoration techniques are necessary for the sustainability and improvement of production systems.

Research On Cultivation Of Medicinal Plants

The article describes the results of research on the cultivation of Ferula assa-foetida L. plant, one of the valuable medicinal plant species. It was found that the seeds of Ferula assa-foetida L. plant have good germination properties in laboratory and field conditions, and it is possible to establish its industrial plantations by sowing the seeds.

PERKECAMBAHAN, PERAKARAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN HIPOKOTIL BENIH KOPI ARABIKA VARIETAS CATUAI PADA APLIKASI BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI GIBERELLIN ACID (GA3)

The mass propagation of coffee plants requires seeds with high-viability characterized by good germination and germination growth. One way to increase the viability of coffee seeds is the provision of Gibberellic acid (GA3). This study aims to determine the effect of several concentrations of GA3 on the viability of Catuai variety of Arabica coffee. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment with Control and 5 levels of GA3 concentration, namely 0 (Control), 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm respectively where coffee seeds were soaked for 24 hours before being germinated. The results showed that the concentrations of 300 and 200 ppm GA3 showed the best results for germination percentage and rate Germination, however, did not appear to have a significant effect on the root and hypocotyl length.

Influence of Shade and Bed Types on Attaining Optimum Temperature for The Germination of Peach (Prunus Persica L. Batsch) Seeds at Holetta, Central Ethiopia

Poor germination of peach seeds is the major limiting factor for rootstock production under the Holetta condition because of the seed dormancy problem. Stratification plays an important role in shortening the dormancy and increasing the germination of peach seeds. The study aimed to find easy stratification techniques for the germination of peach seeds using shade and different bed types. The experiment was carried out at the Holetta Agricultural Research Center in two successive years of 2017 and 2018. We got seeds used for this study from peach trees, which were well adapted for the Holetta area. It was arranged in a completely randomized design with five treatments of under tree shade on a flatbed, under tree shade in sunken bed, out of tree shade on a flatbed, out of tree shade in sunken bed and refrigerator as a standard check. They put all treatments except the refrigerator under the grass shade constructed 1 m3 wide. The treatments replicated four times, and each replication contained 200 seeds. The results showed that temperature is the most important factor affecting the germination percentage of the peach seeds. Seeds sown under the temperature close to 8 0C which is in the refrigerator found to have better germination percentage (47.1%) followed by the seeds sown in the grass shade under the tree shade both on sunken (35.8%) and flatbeds (34.9%). Peach seeds stratified in the refrigerator had good germination percentage whereas survival of the seedling was better at out of tree shade in sunken bed and out of tree shade on the flatbed. Even though the germination percentage was lower and the germination speed index was higher than the refrigerator. Seeds stratified at a temperature of above 17 OC experienced a poor germination percentage.

Conductions Diagnosis of Seed Storage by Family Farmers in the Municipality of Lagoa de Itaenga-PE

In family agriculture it is common for farmers to store seeds in their own homes, preserving the genetic material of their crops and ensuring their food security, but what has been observed are reductions of this practice in small farms. Thus, the objective of this work was to diagnose how the seeds are being stored by farmers to family farmers in the Municipality of Lagoa de Itaenga, as well as to evaluate the germination potentials of the seeds stored. The work was carried out in the community of Marrecos, in the rural area of Lagoa de Itaenga using a semi-structured questionnaire to collect the data, as well as the collection of accesses for the evaluation of germination potential. The study found that the conservation practices of seeds in the community are being reduced, where most farmers store corn seeds, but also renew their seeds every twelve months, conserving them in a natural environment, in which the Bottle and chilli pepper are the most used for the conservation of the genetic material. Most of the analyzed accesses had good germination percentages.

Chapter 4: Seed Quality and Seeding Technology

Quality seed is defined as varietally pure with a high germination percentage, free from disease and disease organisms, with a proper moisture content and weight. Quality seed insures good germination, rapid emergence, and vigorous growth. These aspects translate to a good stand (whether greenhouse or field). Poor quality seed results in "skips," excessive thinning, or yield reductions due to overcrowding, all of which diminish profitability. This document is HS713, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date June 1995. Revised November 2006. HS713/CV103: Seed Quality and Seeding Technology (ufl.edu)

DAYA KECAMBAH BENIH ROTAN JERNANG (Daemonorops draco Blume) DENGAN BERBAGAI PERLAKUAN PERENDAMAN DALAM AIR

Good germination of rattan seed (DaemonoropsdracoBlume) will increase the germination rate, germination rate, and germination rate. However, to germinate undergoes any obstacles because the seed of jernangrattan has a period of dormancy. The immersion in cold water or at normal temperature (28o - 32o C) is one way that can be used to break the dormancy period of the seed. This study aims to determine the long immersion to the value of germination of rattan seed jernang (D. dracoBlume). This study used 3 treatments and 1 replication. The treatment in this research is soaking time without immersion (control), soaking for 24 hours, and 48 hours. The result research is that the long immersion has the effect on germination of rattan seed jernang (D. dracoBlume). The results showed that the best percentage of rattan seed germination (D.dracoBlume) got the preliminary treatment with water immersion for 24 hours with a percentage of 80%. The best seed germination rate is at 48 hours of water immersion treatment at 33.89% / day. The highest germination rate was found in seeds treated by water immersion for 48 hours with an average of 0.0122% / day.Keywords : germination capacity; rotan jernangPerkecambahan benih rotan jernang (Daemonorops draco Blume) yang baik akan meningkatkan daya kecambah, laju perkecambahan,dan nilai perkecambahan. Namun demikian untuk mengecambahkan masih terdapat kendala, karena benih rotan jernang memiliki masa dormansi. Perendam dalam air dingin atau pada suhu normal (28o - 32o C) merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mematahkan masa dormansi benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lama perendaman terhadap nilai perkecambahan benih rotan jernang (D. draco Blume ). Penelitian menggunakan 3 perlakuan dan 1 ulangan. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah waktu perendaman yaitu tanpa perendaman (kontrol), perendaman selama 24 jam, dan 48 jam. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah lama perendaman berpengaruh terhadap perkecambahan benih rotan jernang ( D. draco Blume ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase perkecambahan benih rotan jernan ( D.draco Blume ) yang terbaik yaitu yang diberikan perlakuan pendahuluan dengan perendaman air selama 24 jam dengan persentase sebesar 80%. Laju perkecambahan benih yang terbaik adalah pada perlakuan perendaman air selama 48 jam yaitu sebesar 33.89 %/hari. Nilai perkecambahan tertinggi terdapat pada benih yang diberikan perlakuan perendaman air selama 48 jam dengan rata – rata sebesar 0.0122 %/hari.Kata kunci : daya perkecambahan; rotan jernang

Ankuri Technology for Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Rice in Cold Environment

Rice seed germination as well as seedling emergence in cold environment is a challenge for successful rice cultivation during dry (Boro) season in northern Bangladesh Experiments were conducted in two consecutive Boro seasons in Rajshahi to develop techniques for improving germination and seedling emergence under cold conditions.. Seeds of rice var. BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan50 were germinated following the traditional “Zag-method” and separately in a frame covered with air tight heat insulating plastic tripal (called Ankuri- germinator). Then vapor therapy was given inside Ankuri and maintained 25-350C with high humidity. External and internal temperatures of Ankuri were recorded. Seed germination was checked at 12 h interval. In another experiment, germinated seeds of BRRI dhan29 were sown on soil in trays followed by light irrigation. One set of trays was placed in Ankuri. Another two sets of trays were placed in the field with polythene covered and uncovered. Similar experiment using non-germinated dry seed was also conducted. Vapor therapy was applied in Ankuri only in and trays were checked regularly to observe the plumule and radicle growth. The germination rate (%) of the tested varieties in Ankuri ranged from 82-96% which was 64-92% in Zag-method. High variation of germination in Zag-method was due to improper temperature and humidity during the Zag period. Seed germination was faster in Ankuri which was observed within 2.5 days. This was also 2.5 days earlier in comparison with the Zag-method. Soaking period ranged 22-24 h outside in cold water/weather. But 18 h soaking in Ankuri resulted good germination. Irrespective of varieties, the growth was 5.4 and 1.7 times more respectively for plumule and radicle in Ankuri than Zag-method. Seedling emergence was 2-3 days earlier in both dry and soaked/germinated seeds sown in trays of Ankuri than the outside polythene covered trays. Seedling emergence failed in open-trays. Average air temperature from 18:00-9:00 was cooler (150C) than 9:00-18:00 period (150C). Ankuri maintained 25-350C and high humidity which favored seed germination and seedling growth. Therefore, Ankuri could be an effective seed germination technique with faster germination, radicle and plumule growth.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 115-123

Effect of different priming methods in rice (Oryza sativa)

Good germination of rice is considered critical for the plant life cycle. A laboratory experiment was conducted in IAAS, Lamjung campus, Sundarbazar to study the effect of different priming methods in rice. The experiment was done in completely randomized design using 12 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted; Control (No priming), Hydro priming (soaking of seeds in distilled water for 72 hrs), PEG6000 - 5% and 10%, CaCl2 – 0.5% and 1%, KCl – 2% and 4%, KNO3 – 1% and 2% and NaCl – 1.8% and 3.6% where seeds were soaked for 12 hours followed by 12 hours drying. Both hydro priming and PEG improved germination energy, germination index, germination speed, radical length, and plumule length. The effect due to varied doses were not observed in the priming substances except PEG 6000, where PEG6000 – 5% was better as compared to PEG – 10% in overall observations.