The difference a day makes: Breeding remodels hearing, hormones and behavior in female Cope's gray treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan D. Gall ◽  
Mark A. Bee ◽  
Alexander T. Baugh
Keyword(s):  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Gray Treefrogs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Perbedaan Perkembangan Motorik Bayi Pasca Pemberian Stimulasi Pijatan dan Berenang

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Aryunani Aryunani ◽  
Pipit Festi Wilianarti
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Developmental growth disorders in children under five will result in a decrease in the formation of attitudes and behavior of children in the future. These disorders can be prevented by stimulating development. This study used a quasy experimental design. This research was carried out for 4 months in Privately Practising Midwives in Sidotopo village of Semampir sub-district of North Surabaya with a sample of infants aged 6 to 12 months. Data sampling used consecutive sampling collected through observation using the observation sheet. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test to see the difference in gross motor before and after treatment in  the treatment group. In  the treatment group 40% infant experienced an increase of 1-2 segment of motor development and 60% had an increase of 3-4 segments.  

scholarly journals Behavior and Energy Losses of Cows during the Period of Low Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Oleksandr O. Borshch ◽  
Oleksandr V. Borshch ◽  
Yurii Mashkin ◽  
Vasyl Malina ◽  
Maxim Fedorchenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
The Past ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderate Climate

Over the past 20 years, dairy farms in Ukraine have been actively introducing the keeping of cows in easy-to-assemble premises. However, in a moderate climate (with four distinct year seasons), the issues of microclimate, energy losses of animals and their behavior during the cold period of the year for keeping in such premises have not been fully studied. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the heat insulation elements use of side curtains in easy-to-assemble premises during the period of low temperatures on microclimate, energy outgoings for thermoregulation and behavior of cows. The research conducted in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region). The research was conducted during January-February (29-43 days of the year) 2021. This period characterized by low average daily temperatures of -12.2– -18.7°С, strong wind gusts and daily precipitation in the form of snow. Two easy-toassemble premises for 400 heads were used for research. Parameters of placements (LxWxH): 150х32х10.5 m. The first one was without the use of curtains heat insulation elements, and the second one was with these elements of heat insulation. It was found that the use of polycarbonate wall heat insulation elements had a positive effect on the microclimate in the placement during the period of low temperatures. Indicators of average daily air temperatures in the placement were 3.2 and 8.8°C higher compared to the temperature in the same premise without the use of heat insulation elements and the environment. The wind speed also differed by 0.18 and 11.04 m/s, respectively. In addition, the heat insulation of the walls affected the temperature under the lying cow (+1.8°C), energy outgoings for thermoregulation (-1.93 MJ) and the number of cows that lay in the period of the lowest temperatures (+3.23-9.83%) compared to the placement without heat insulation elements. The difference in temperature of rubber carpet in the compared premises was significant: +3.3°C in the premises with heat insulation elements compared to the premises without heat insulation

Ethical Consumerism in Tourism

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-133
Author(s):  
Erica Mingotto ◽  
Federica Montaguti ◽  
Luca Scarpellini
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Ethical Consumption ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Ethical Consumerism ◽  
Italian Market ◽  
Official Definitions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Responsible Tourism

The chapter focuses on responsible tourism as a form of ethical consumption, based on conscious travel choices and behavior. There is a growing demand for responsible tourism, although it seems to be characterized by some inconsistencies, both between tourists' intention and concrete behavior and between these behaviors and the official definitions promoted by the industry and institutions. Starting from the analysis of a recent survey about responsible tourism on the Italian market, the chapter then tries to investigate and explain these gaps, by applying the perspective of social studies and of researches on consumer tribes and new consumers' communities. The findings of the survey discussed in the chapter seem to confirm that consumers have their own perception of responsible tourism and that the meaning is discursively constructed within and outside responsible tourists' communities. Therefore, the intention-behavior gap and the difference between tourists' account of responsible tourism and “institutional” definitions cannot be categorized as true inconsistencies.

scholarly journals Building a Framework of Evaluating Human–Environment Relationships: Considering the Differences between Subjective Evaluations and Objective Assessments

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
Li Peng
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

The human–environment relationship is bidirectional, meaning that human attitudes and behavior to nature are at the root of environmental change, while changes in the environment affect human attitudes and behavior. It is necessary to analyze the human–environment relationship from two aspects: (a) Whether there is a good objective basis for maintaining an environment, and (b) whether people report that they are satisfied with that environment. This study attempted to construct a framework to evaluate the human–environment relationship considering these two aspects. The framework consists of three parts: Traditional evaluation, indicator construction, and evaluation considering the relationship between subjective and objective assessment. Traditional evaluations consist of subjective evaluations and objective assessments. Indicator construction focuses on putting forward indicators that quantitively evaluate the human–environment relationship, considering the results of objective assessments and subjective evaluations. The indicators introduced in this study include MD (match degree) and OSC (objective assessment and subjective evaluation comparison) to explain the difference and the relationship between objective assessments and subjective evaluations of the environment. Then, based on the indicator value, a matrix containing four situations (Match-H, Match-L, H-L, and L-H) was constructed to explore why a human–environment relationship may not be harmonious. Since the upper Minjiang River basin is a typical area, because of its intensive human activity, as well as its fragile ecological environment, this study chose it as a case study and used it to verify the framework. Through the framework construction and application, this study found that: (1) The framework of this study provided a more comprehensive method to evaluate the human–environment relationship; (2) as the subjective evaluation was based on individual comprehensive tradeoffs, the evaluation combining the subjective and objective assessment was more accurate; (3) environmental conditions were the basis, and human activities were the key factors, for the coordination of human–environment relationships; so the matrix put forward in this study was necessary for finding the cause of human–environment incongruity.

Patients in Australian Memory Clinics: baseline characteristics and predictors of decline at six months

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1086-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Brodaty ◽  
Michael Woodward ◽  
Karyn Boundy ◽  
David Ames ◽  
Robert Balshaw
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Memory Clinics ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Assessment Scales ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTBackground: The Prospective Research In MEmory clinics (PRIME) is a three-year non-prescriptive, observational study identifying and measuring relationships among predictor and outcome variables.Methods: Patients from nine memory clinics, diagnosed with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), living in the community with <40 hours/week nursing care were divided into diagnostic groups defined at baseline as Alzheimer's disease (AD) early or late onset, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), vascular dementia (VaD), mixed (AD and VaD) and other dementia. To achieve outcome measures, baseline and change over six months in all measures by diagnostic group, and predictors of change at six months were examined.Results: Of the 970 patients enrolled, 967 were eligible for analysis. The most common disorder was AD (late onset) accounting for 46.5% of this population. Patients had an overall slight worsening on all assessment scales over the six-month period. Patients with FTD had a more marked change (decline) in cognition, function and behavior over six months compared to other diagnostic groups. However, in the regression analysis the difference was not significant between groups. Predictors of decline in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were not robust at six months, and longer follow-up is required. Patients with FTD were more likely to be prescribed psychotropics.Conclusion: The PRIME study is continuing and will provide important data on predictors of decline along with differences between diagnosis groups on the rate of change.

scholarly journals Students' Interaction in the Online Learning Management Systems: A Comparative Study of Undergraduate and Postgraduate Courses

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teoh Ai Ping
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Reflective Thought ◽  
Learning Management ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
And Behavior

The quality of interaction between learners and online content is one of the imperative factors in determining the efficacy of web-based teaching-learning towards the creation and maintenance of sustainable learning communities. Interaction with content is an internal dialogue of reflective thought that occurs between learner and the substance. Interaction is often triggered and supported by events in the learning environment – focusing on how the learner interacts with what is to be learned. This paper looks at the difference in learners' interaction on the online Learning Management System (LMS) of undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Based on a framework developed for investigating learners' interaction with online content in Wawasan Open University, data from the LMS log and activity database was extracted. The data is then analyzed based on the pattern and behavior of learners' interaction with the online content of the courses. Further analysis is done by transcribing the discussions and exchanges of teacher and learners within the online forums, specifically investigating the dimension, depth and category of exchanges that occurred. Based on the findings, several recommendations are made to enhance the design and delivery of web-based content, aiming at maximizing the efficacy of the online learning environment of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in open distance learning (ODL).

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