scholarly journals Building a Framework of Evaluating Human–Environment Relationships: Considering the Differences between Subjective Evaluations and Objective Assessments

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
Li Peng
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

The human–environment relationship is bidirectional, meaning that human attitudes and behavior to nature are at the root of environmental change, while changes in the environment affect human attitudes and behavior. It is necessary to analyze the human–environment relationship from two aspects: (a) Whether there is a good objective basis for maintaining an environment, and (b) whether people report that they are satisfied with that environment. This study attempted to construct a framework to evaluate the human–environment relationship considering these two aspects. The framework consists of three parts: Traditional evaluation, indicator construction, and evaluation considering the relationship between subjective and objective assessment. Traditional evaluations consist of subjective evaluations and objective assessments. Indicator construction focuses on putting forward indicators that quantitively evaluate the human–environment relationship, considering the results of objective assessments and subjective evaluations. The indicators introduced in this study include MD (match degree) and OSC (objective assessment and subjective evaluation comparison) to explain the difference and the relationship between objective assessments and subjective evaluations of the environment. Then, based on the indicator value, a matrix containing four situations (Match-H, Match-L, H-L, and L-H) was constructed to explore why a human–environment relationship may not be harmonious. Since the upper Minjiang River basin is a typical area, because of its intensive human activity, as well as its fragile ecological environment, this study chose it as a case study and used it to verify the framework. Through the framework construction and application, this study found that: (1) The framework of this study provided a more comprehensive method to evaluate the human–environment relationship; (2) as the subjective evaluation was based on individual comprehensive tradeoffs, the evaluation combining the subjective and objective assessment was more accurate; (3) environmental conditions were the basis, and human activities were the key factors, for the coordination of human–environment relationships; so the matrix put forward in this study was necessary for finding the cause of human–environment incongruity.

The Genetic Origins of the Relationship between Psychological Traits and Social Trust

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Oskarsson ◽  
Christopher Dawes ◽  
Magnus Johannesson ◽  
Patrik K. E. Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have shown that trusting attitudes and behavior are biologically influenced. Focusing on the classic trust game, it has been demonstrated that oxytocin increases trust and that humans are endowed with genetic variation that influences their behavior in the game. Moreover, several studies have shown that a large share of the variation in survey responses to trust items is accounted for by an additive genetic component. Against this backdrop, this article makes two important contributions. First, utilizing a unique sample of more than 2,000 complete Swedish twin pairs, we provide further evidence of the heritability of social trust. Our estimates of the additive genetic component in social trust were consistent across the sexes – .33 for males and .39 for females – and are similar to the results reported in earlier studies. Secondly, we show that social trust is phenotypically related to three psychological traits – extraversion, personal control, and intelligence – and that genetic factors account for most of these correlations. Jointly, these psychological factors share around 30% of the genetic influence on social trust both for males and females. Future studies should further explore the possible causal pathways between genes and trust using panel data on both psychological traits and social trust.

Tweeting Beyond Tahrir

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-274
Author(s):  
Alexandra A. Siegel ◽  
Jonathan Nagler ◽  
Richard Bonneau ◽  
Joshua A. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Online Social Networks ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Online Networks ◽  
Network Diversity ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

abstractDo online social networks affect political tolerance in the highly polarized climate of postcoup Egypt? Taking advantage of the real-time networked structure of Twitter data, the authors find that not only is greater network diversity associated with lower levels of intolerance, but also that longer exposure to a diverse network is linked to less expression of intolerance over time. The authors find that this relationship persists in both elite and non-elite diverse networks. Exploring the mechanisms by which network diversity might affect tolerance, the authors offer suggestive evidence that social norms in online networks may shape individuals’ propensity to publicly express intolerant attitudes. The findings contribute to the political tolerance literature and enrich the ongoing debate over the relationship between online echo chambers and political attitudes and behavior by providing new insights from a repressive authoritarian context.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Perkembangan Motorik Bayi Pasca Pemberian Stimulasi Pijatan dan Berenang

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Aryunani Aryunani ◽  
Pipit Festi Wilianarti
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Developmental growth disorders in children under five will result in a decrease in the formation of attitudes and behavior of children in the future. These disorders can be prevented by stimulating development. This study used a quasy experimental design. This research was carried out for 4 months in Privately Practising Midwives in Sidotopo village of Semampir sub-district of North Surabaya with a sample of infants aged 6 to 12 months. Data sampling used consecutive sampling collected through observation using the observation sheet. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test to see the difference in gross motor before and after treatment in  the treatment group. In  the treatment group 40% infant experienced an increase of 1-2 segment of motor development and 60% had an increase of 3-4 segments.  

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG HIPERBILIRUBIN DENGAN SIKAP DAN PERILAKU MENJEMUR BAYI DI KELURAHAN SANGKRAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahayu Setyaningsih ◽  
Ersa Trianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInterviews with mother who have babies aged 0-6 months in the Village Sangkrah, founddifferent maternal understanding of hiperbilirubin, some of mothers not understand abouthiperbilirubin, its causes and how to prevent it. The attitude of the mothers also variessome wants sunning their babies every morning whereas plenty were reluctant becausethey do not know of its benefits. The purpose of the study: to determine the correlation ofmother's level of knowledge about hiperbilirubin with attitudes and behavior sunning babyThe subjects were all mothers with babies 0-6 months in the Village Sangkrah as manyas 45 people. This research method of bivariate analysis using Spearman Rank,multivariate analysis with Pearson Correlation to find the correlation of three variables: thelevel of knowledge of mothers about hiperbilirubin with attitudes and behavior in infantssunning.The results of the bivariate analysis using Spearman Rank with α = 5% (0.05) wasobtained p <0.001 to p <0.05, which means that the hypothesis is accepted, there is acorrelation the level of knowledge about hiperbilirubin with the attitudes and behaviorsunning baby in village Sangkrah. Multivariate statistical test using Pearson Correlation α= 5% (0.05) was obtained p <0.001 for the correlation between knowledge with attitude,either correlation knowledge with behavioral or correlation between attitudes withbehavioral earn p <0.05. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.541 to 0.583 whichshows the strength of the relationship in the medium category.Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, Hiperbilirubin, Sunning Baby

Protestant Ethic and Performance: A Re-Examination

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Ganster
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Protestant Ethic ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ethic Scale ◽  
High Statistical Power

An experiment was conducted to examine the relationship between endorsement of the Protestant Ethic and work performance and satisfaction. Employing an electronic sorting task with 95 subjects, the study did not confirm earlier findings of Merrens and Garrett (1975), despite high statistical power. Results question the interpretation of the Protestant Ethic scale as an indicant of work attitudes and behavior.

Comparative Petrological Studies of 1962 and 1988–1989 Eruptions of Tokachidake Volcano, Japan: A Case Study for Understanding the Relationship Between Eruption Style and Magma Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-779
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Nakagawa ◽  
Akiko Matsumoto ◽  
Kyohei Kobayashi ◽  
Keiji Wada ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basaltic Magma ◽  
Magma Ascent ◽  
Eruption Style ◽  
Magma Plumbing System ◽  
Magma Supply ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cap Rock ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Repeated magmatic eruptions of Tokachidake volcano have caused severe volcanic disasters on three occasions during the 20th century. To prepare for the next eruptive activity, understanding the structure of the magma plumbing system by using petrological analysis of juvenile materials is crucial. Here, we perform petrological analysis of juvenile materials to investigate the difference between two contrasting eruptions in 1962 and 1988–1989, respectively. All these juvenile materials are composed of mafic andesite, which were formed by mixing of olivine-bearing basaltic and pyroxene andesitic magmas. The compositional zonations of olivine phenocrysts in all of these rocks suggest that the injection of the basaltic magma into the andesitic magma occurred several months prior to the 1962 eruption and about six months before the 1988–1989 eruption. In the case of the 1962 activity, the mixed magma rapidly ascended without stagnation from the magma chamber and erupted as a sub-Plinian type. However, the juvenile materials of the 1988–1989 eruptions show distinct petrological features such as higher crystallinity of the matrix, orthopyroxene reaction rims around the olivine, and overgrowth mantle zones around Ti-magnetite phenocrysts. These features suggest that the mixed magma ascended slowly and possibly stagnated at shallower levels prior to eruption. The stagnated magma became a cap rock of the vent system and caused a series of Vulcanian eruptions. These distinct modes of magma ascent can be explained by differences in the magma supply rate. In the case of the 1962 eruption, the volume of magma that erupted in a period of less than 24 h was 7.1 × 107 m3. On the contrary, 23 explosions occurred over three months of the 1988–1989 activity and generated 1 × 105 m3 of ejecta including juvenile and non-juvenile materials. These large eruption rate differences can be attributed to the distinct ascent rates of the magma between the two eruptive activities.

A Longitudinal Investigation of Drug Use and Work Patterns among Middle-Class, White Adults

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Raskin White ◽  
Angela Aidala ◽  
Benjamin Zablocki
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Longitudinal Investigation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the relationship between drug use and patterns of living and working for a sample of middle-class, white “baby boomers” who have lived in communal households. A longitudinal investigation was initiated in the mid-1970s with 806 persons and followed up in 1986–1987 with 79% of these subjects. During interviews, the subjects supplied data related to their work and financial status, work-related attitudes and behavior, life status, and histories of drug use (i.e., types of drugs used, and quantity, frequency, and duration of use). The results indicate that neither chronic nor current use of marijuana or alcohol had adversely affected the subjects' occupational status and achievement in middle adulthood, although a relationship was found between daily alcohol consumption and delaying marriage and childbearing. The authors warn against extrapolating the results for this unique sample to the larger population, but note the implications they have for future research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document