Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic clawless eutardigrade genus Apodibius Dastych, 1983 (Tardigrada), based on 18S and 28S rRNA sequence data from its type species A. confusus

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslawa Dabert ◽  
Hieronymus Dastych ◽  
Karin Hohberg ◽  
Jacek Dabert
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Sequence

scholarly journals Systematics of the subfamily Aclyvolvinae (Caenogastropoda: Ovulidae) based on molecular and morphometric analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-347
Author(s):  
Bastian T Reijnen ◽  
Sancia E T van der Meij
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Abstract Molecular phylogenetic research on the octocoral-associated gastropod family Ovulidae is still in its infancy and, as a consequence, the relationships between subfamilies and genera are not well defined. Previous research on various ovulid genera has shown that their conchological characters are often too fluid when dealing with species delimitations. For this study, Ovulidae were collected in Indonesia and Malaysia, with some additional specimens obtained from Thailand and the Red Sea. Relationships between the Aclyvolvinae and other ovulid subfamilies were assessed using sequence data from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA); the dataset contained ovulid species (including type species) from the subfamilies Eocypraeinae, Ovulinae, Pediculariinae and Simniinae. The type species of the subfamilies Eocypraeinae and Sulcocypraeinae are fossils, and hence could not be included in the analyses. The phylogeny and systematics of the subfamily Aclyvolvinae were assessed based on four DNA gene regions (mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA, and nuclear 28S rRNA and histone H3) and morphometric analyses. Shell morphological characters were analysed to help clarify species delimitations within the Aclyvolvinae. The results from the molecular analyses showed that the subfamilies Aclyvolvinae, Eocypraeinae and Simniinae are polyphyletic, whereas the Ovulinae and Pediculariinae appear to be monophyletic. Within the subfamily Aclyvolvinae, the type species of Hiatavolva, H. depressa, did not form a clade with the other species of Hiatavolva. Instead, H. rugosa and H. coarctata formed a clade that is sister to the clade comprising Aclyvolva lamyi, A. lanceolata and A. nicolamassierae, and are therefore now considered as belonging to the genus Aclyvolva. Aclyvolva lamyi and A. nicolamassierae were shown to be synonyms of A. lanceolata, and A. rugosa (n. comb.) is a synonym of A. coarctata (n. comb.). The genus Kuroshiovolva could not be retrieved in a fixed phylogenetic position within the Aclyvolvinae, nor did it cluster with H. depressa or Aclyvolva spp. Our morphometric analyses are in agreement with the results of the molecular analyses, and furthermore show that juvenile shells are morphologically significantly different from their adult conspecifics. Photographs of the type material of Ovulum lanceolatum, O. coarctatum, Neosimnia lamyi, Hiata rugosa and A. nicolamassierae are provided, and new information is given on the geographical distribution and host species of Aclyvolvinae. The subfamily Aclyvolvinae is redefined and now includes only A. lanceolata and A. coarctata. The genus Hiatavolva is now monotypic, containing only H. depressa, but the subfamily to which this genus belongs remains unclear. Kuroshiovolva is not part of the Aclyvolvinae, but its subfamily level placement is unclear.

A new blind Lamyctes (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha) from Tasmania with an analysis of molecular sequence data for the Lamyctes- Henicops Group

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREGORY D. EDGECOMBE ◽  
GONZALO GIRIBET
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
New South ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Complete Sequences

The cosmopolitan, parthenogenetic centipede Lamyctes coeculus (Brölemann, 1889), type species of Lamyctinus Silvestri, 1909, occurs in New South Wales and Lord Howe Island, Australia, the former genetically identical to specimens from Tucumán, Argentina. Parsimony analysis of complete sequences of 18S rRNA and fragments of 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for the Lamyctes-Henicops group suggests that loss of ocelli in Lamyctes coeculus has an independent origin from blindness in Lamyctes hellyeri n. sp. from northern Tasmania. Lamyctinus is nested within Lamyctes Meinert, 1868, its senior synonym. Lamyctes hellyeri is known exclusively from females in gardens, and is probably introduced to Tasmania.

A preliminary molecular analysis of phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of New Zealand Thomisidae (Araneae) using a multi-locus approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Sirvid ◽  
Nicole E. Moore ◽  
Geoffrey K. Chambers ◽  
Kelly Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Rrna Sequence

We tested competing theories on the origins of the New Zealand fauna using thomisid spiders as a model group. These theories can be broadly described as old and vicariant versus young and recent (dispersal). To test these theories, a phylogenetic analysis was undertaken based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 28S rRNA sequence data, with smaller datasets (histone H3, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit 1 and a combined dataset) used to improve resolution of internal branches. The monophyly of New Zealand thomisid subfamilies and of individual taxa were also assessed using these data. Our data supports the separation of New Zealand clades from their Australian counterparts. Evidence of recent dispersal to New Zealand by Australian stephanopines combined with our proposed maximum divergence date of 5.3 mya indicates that the New Zealand thomisids are a younger lineage than previously suspected. Several other gene targets (internal transcribed spacer units 1 and 2, wingless and 18S rRNA) were examined but did not generate sufficient reliable data to contribute to the analysis. Corrected p-distance values for COI indicate that Sidymella angularis, a widely distributed and morphologically variable stephanopine species, is a single taxon. Three undescribed endemic species exhibited molecular and morphological distinctiveness from previously described New Zealand thomisids.

scholarly journals Resolving a 200-year-old taxonomic conundrum: neotype designation for Cephalothrix linearis (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) based on a topotype from Bergen, Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 39-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kajihara
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Original Material ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

The taxonomic identity of the palaeonemertean Cephalothrix linearis (Rathke, 1799) has been obscure for nearly two centuries, because its original description applies to almost any congeners, including Cephalothrix filiformis (Johnston 1828) and Cephalothrix rufifrons (Johnston, 1837), which occur commonly in the North Sea and adjacent waters. In this paper, I redescribe C. linearis based on two topotypes from Bergen, one herein designated as the neotype for C. linearis, because Rathke’s original material is not extant; I invoke Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to fix Planaria linearis Rathke, 1799 as the type species of Cephalothrix Örsted, 1843 for the sake of stability. From the neotype, I determined sequences of the 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. Using the COI sequence, I inferred the phylogenetic position of C. linearis along with 316 cephalotrichid sequences currently available in public databases. A tree-based species delimitation analysis detected 43 entities among them, with 34 in Cephalothrix and nine in eitherBalionemertes or Cephalotrichella. I apply valid species names to 12 of the 34 entities in Cephalothrix. I tabulated a total of 36 nominal species that are likely the members of the genus; the following five were excluded even though their specific names were originally combined with Cephalothrix: Cephalothrix armata Ulyanin, 1870 [Monostilifera, possibly Emplectonema gracile (Johnston, 1837)], Cephalothrix fragilis Bürger, 1892 [now Cephalotrichella signata (Hubrecht, 1879)], Cephalothrix signata Hubrecht, 1879 [now in Cephalotrichella], Cephalothrix unipunctata Parfitt, 1867 [now Tetrastemma melanocephalum (Johnston, 1837) (Monostilifera)], and Cephalothrix viridis Chapuis, 1886 [possibly Heteronemertea]. The five names cephalothrix Diesing, 1850 (as Borlasia cephalothrix), kroyeri Diesing, 1850 (as Cephalothrix kroyeri), linearis Diesing, 1850 (as Borlasia linearis), lineata Claparède, 1862 (as Cephalothrix lineata), and oerstedii Diesing, 1850 (as Cephalothrix oerstedii) aredeclared nomenclaturally unavailable.

Phylogenetic position of Sphincterodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 (Digenea: Diplostomoidea) with description of a second species from Pantanal, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Achatz ◽  
J.A. Bell ◽  
F.T.V. Melo ◽  
A. Fecchio ◽  
V.V. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
First Record ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Interspecific Divergence ◽  
Anterior Extent

Abstract Sphincterodiplostomum is a monotypic genus of diplostomid digeneans that parasitize fish-eating birds in the neotropics. The type species Sphincterodiplostomum musculosum has a unique, dorsal, tubular invagination in the opisthosoma with a muscular sphincter. Whereas larvae of S. musculosum are relatively commonly reported in Neotropical fish helminth surveys, adult specimens from birds are rarely collected. Prior to our study, no DNA sequence data for S. musculosum were available. Our molecular and morphological study of mature and immature adult Sphincterodiplostomum specimens from three species of birds and one species of crocodilian revealed the presence of at least two species of Sphincterodiplostomum in the neotropics. We provide the first molecular phylogeny of the Diplostomoidea that includes Sphincterodiplostomum. In addition, this is the first record of S. musculosum from caimans, along with the first record of fully mature adult S. musculosum from green kingfisher Chloroceryle americana. The new species of Sphincterodiplostomum (Sphincterodiplostomum joaopinhoi n. sp.) can be morphologically distinguished from S. musculosum based on the anterior extent of vitelline follicles, narrower prosoma, substantially smaller holdfast organ and structure of tegumental spines. Our data revealed 0.7% interspecific divergence in 28S and 10.6–11.7% divergence in cox1 sequences between the two Sphincterodiplostomum species.

Phylogenetic position of Aculamprotula polysticta, comb. res. (Bivalvia : Unionidae) inferred from phylogenetic relationships in Unionida

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Wen Wu ◽  
Kyung Seok Kim ◽  
Guang-Long Xie ◽  
Shan Ouyang ◽  
Xiao-Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genomes

Accurate phylogenies are important for understanding the evolutionary histories of organisms, their reproductive traits and ecological habits. The freshwater mussel order Unionida is currently thought to include six families. However, assignment of particular species to these families has been unstable, particularly for species that have been described solely on conchological characters. Unio polystictus Heude, 1877 represents such a species. Based on DNA sequence data from five genes (COI, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and histone H3) and complete mitochondrial genomes, we investigated the phylogenetic position and generic affinities of U. polystictus using various analytical methods. Both the five-gene and mitogenome datasets strongly supported transferring U. polystictus from Margaritiferidae to Unionidae as Aculamprotula polysticta, comb. res. Our results also supported the following intrageneric relationships: (Aculamprotula tortuosa, ((Aculamprotula polysticta, Aculamprotula scripta), (Aculamprotula fibrosa, Aculamprotula tientsinersis))). In addition, by comparing the morphological features of Aculamprotula (Unionidae, Unioninae), Lamprotula (Unionidae, Gonideinae) and Gibbosula (Margaritiferidae, Gibbosulinae) species, potential issues of relying solely on shell morphology for high-level classification of freshwater mussels are highlighted. Confirmation of classification position and genetic relationship for Aculamprotula polysticta will helpful to understand the ecological characteristics, reproductive strategies and host-fish requirements, which can be inferred from closely related taxa.

Molecular phylogeny resolves a taxonomic misunderstanding and places Geisleria close to Absconditella s. str. (Ostropales: Stictidaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
André APTROOT ◽  
Sittiporn PARNMEN ◽  
Robert LÜCKING ◽  
Elisabeth BALOCH ◽  
Patricia JUNGBLUTH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Large Subunit Rdna

AbstractThe phylogenetic position of the genus Geisleria and its type species G. sychnogonioides was reconstructed using sequence data of the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), the nuclear large subunit rDNA (nuLSU) and the first subunit of the RNA polymerase (RPB1). The species, previously classified in Verrucariaceae (Eurotiomycetes) and Strigulaceae (Dothideomycetes), is sister to the type of the genus Absconditella, A. sphagnorum, and nested within the genera Absconditella and Cryptodiscus combined (which also includes the lichenized Bryophagus). At first glance it appears to be a further example of parallel evolution of perithecioid ascomata within Stictidaceae (Lecanoromycetes: Ostropales), besides Ostropa and Robergea, adding to the growing list of perithecioid forms nested within apothecioid lineages in Ostropomycetidae, and specifically Ostropales, with other examples known from Graphidaceae (several genera), Gyalectaceae (Belonia), and Porinaceae. However, revision of type material collected by Nitschke revealed that the species actually develops typical apothecia with a narrowly exposed disc. We conclude that Geisleria sychnogonoides was erroneously considered a pyrenocarpous taxon, because in dry conditions the apothecia are closed and not recognizable as such. The species usually grows on unstable soil and therefore often only develops young, more or less closed ascomata (yet with mature ascospores), and has also been confused with the superficially similar Belonia incarnata, in which the ascomata remain closed even when mature. Geisleriasychnogonioides has so far only been known as a rarely reported pioneer species from loamy soils in Europe and North America. Here it is reported to occur abundantly on lateritic soils in subtropical Brazil, suggesting that it is cosmopolitan and possibly common, but much overlooked.

scholarly journals Hungry scale worms: Phylogenetics of Peinaleopolynoe (Polynoidae, Annelida), with four new species

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
pp. 27-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery S. Hatch ◽  
Haebin Liew ◽  
Stéphane Hourdez ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
28S Rrna

Polynoidae Kinberg, 1856 has five branchiate genera: Branchipolynoe Pettibone, 1984, Branchinotogluma Pettibone, 1985, Branchiplicatus Pettibone, 1985, Peinaleopolynoe Desbruyères & Laubier, 1988, and Thermopolynoe Miura, 1994, all native to deep-sea, chemosynthetic-based habitats. Of these, Peinaleopolynoe has two accepted species; Peinaleopolynoe sillardi Desbruyères & Laubier, 1988 (Atlantic Ocean) and Peinaleopolynoe santacatalina Pettibone, 1993 (East Pacific Ocean). The goal of this study was to assess the phylogenetic position of Peinaleopolynoe, utilizing DNA sequences from a broad sampling of deep-sea polynoids. Representatives from all five branchiate genera were included, several species of which were sampled from near the type localities; Branchinotogluma sandersi Pettibone, 1985 from the Galápagos Rift (E/V “Nautilus”); Peinaleopolynoe sillardi from organic remains in the Atlantic Ocean; Peinaleopolynoe santacatalina from a whalefall off southern California (R/V “Western Flyer”) and Thermopolynoe branchiata Miura, 1994 from Lau Back-Arc Basin in the western Pacific (R/V “Melville”). Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA, and CytB) and nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and H3) genes. The analyses revealed four new Peinaleopolynoe species from the Pacific Ocean that are formally described here: Peinaleopolynoe orphanae Hatch & Rouse, sp. nov., type locality Pescadero Basin in the Gulf of California, Mexico (R/V “Western Flyer”); Peinaleopolynoe elvisi Hatch & Rouse, sp. nov. and Peinaleopolynoe goffrediae Hatch & Rouse, sp. nov., both with a type locality in Monterey Canyon off California (R/V “Western Flyer”) and Peinaleopolynoe mineoi Hatch & Rouse, sp. nov. from Costa Rica methane seeps (R/V “Falkor”). In addition to DNA sequence data, the monophyly of Peinaleopolynoe is supported by the presence of ventral papillae on segments 12–15. The results also demonstrated the paraphyly of Branchinotogluma and Lepidonotopodium Pettibone, 1983 and taxonomic revision of these genera is required. We apply the subfamily name Lepidonotopodinae Pettibone 1983, for the clade comprised of Branchipolynoe, Branchinotogluma, Bathykurila, Branchiplicatus, Lepidonotopodium, Levensteiniella Pettibone, 1985, Thermopolynoe, and Peinaleopolynoe.

A morphological and combined phylogenetic analysis of pirate spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae): evolutionary relationships, taxonomy and character evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia R. Benavides ◽  
Gustavo Hormiga
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
New Combination ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
New Synonymy

Mimetidae is one of the three families within Araneoidea whose members do not spin foraging webs, but are unique in displaying a complex prey-capture behaviour known as aggressive mimicry. Mimetids are distributed worldwide and are most diverse in the tropics of Central and South America. Here we provide a comprehensive phylogeny of pirate spiders (Mimetidae) based on analyses that combine morphological and multigene nucleotide sequence data. We scored 147 morphological characters for 55 mimetids and 16 outgroup taxa and combined it in a total-evidence approach with the sequence data of Benavides et al. (2017) which included two nuclear ribosomal genes, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA, two mitochondrial ribosomal genes, 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA, the nuclear protein-encoding gene histone H3 and the mitochondrial protein-encoding gene cytochromec oxidase subunitI. We analysed the combined dataset using parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Our results support the monophyly of Mimetidae and of the genera Gelanor, Ero, Anansi and Australomimetus. Mimetidae is sister to Arkyidae + Tetragnathidae. Mimetus as currently circumscribed is not monophyletic under any analytical approach used, although several lineages within the genus are consistently found in our analyses. We describe, illustrate and discuss the morphological synapomorphies that support the main clades of Mimetidae. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Ermetus koreanus (Paik, 1967), the sole species of the genus, is transferred to Ero C.L. Koch, 1836 and thus Ermetus Ponomarev, 2008 is a junior synonym of Ero C.L. Koch, 1836 (new synonymy) and Ero koreana Paik, 1967 becomes a revalidated combination. Phobetinus sagittifer Simon, 1895, the type species of the genus, is transferred to Mimetus Hentz, 1832 and thus Phobetinus Simon, 1895 is a junior synonym of Mimetus Hentz, 1832 (new synonymy), which results in two changes: Mimetus sagittifer (Simon, 1895), new combination and Mimetus investus (Simon, 1909), new combination. Reo latro Brignoli, 1979, the type species of the genus, is transferred to Mimetus and thus Reo Brignoli, 1979 is a junior synonym of Mimetus (new synonymy), which results in the following two changes: Mimetus latro Brignoli, 1979, new combination and Mimetus eutypus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935, revalidated combination. Arochoides integrans Mello-Leitão, 1935 is transferred to Tetragnathidae (new family placement). The type specimen of Arochoides integrans, the only species in this genus, is a subadult male of Azilia (Tetragnathidae), most likely Azilia histrio Simon, 1895. Arochoides is a junior synonym of Azilia (new synonymy). http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:90F6B3DA-232B-428C-BF38-AEA8953D7685

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