Oral Supplementation with a High-Fat, High-Energy Product Improves Nutritional Status and Alters Serum Lipids in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMY LYNN RETTAMMEL ◽  
MARY S. MARCUS ◽  
PHILIP M. FARRELL ◽  
SHERIE A. SONDEL ◽  
REBECCA E. KOSCIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Energy Product

scholarly journals Symposium 6: Young people, artificial nutrition and transitional care The nutritional challenges of the young adult with cystic fibrosis: transition

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Transitional Care ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Artificial Nutrition ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Age Related

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex multisystem disorder affecting mainly the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. Intestinal malabsorption occurs in approximately 90% of patients. In the past, malnutrition was an inevitable consequence of disease progression, leading to poor growth, impaired respiratory muscle function, decreased exercise tolerance and immunological impairment. A positive association between body weight and height and survival has been widely reported. The energy requirements of patients with CF vary widely and generally increase with age and disease severity. For many young adults requirements will be 120–150% of the age-related estimated average requirement. To meet these energy needs patients are encouraged to eat a high-fat high-energy diet with appropriate pancreatic enzyme supplements. Many patients are unable to achieve an adequate intake as a result of a variety of factors including chronic poor appetite, infection-related anorexia, gastro-oesophageal reflux and abdominal pain. Oral energy supplements and enteral tube feeding are widely used. Nutritional support has been shown to improve nutritional status and stabilise or slow the rate of decline in lung function. With such emphasis on nutritional intake and nutritional status throughout life, poor adherence to therapies and issues relating to body image are emerging. The median survival of patients with CF is increasing. CF is now considered a life-limiting disease of adulthood rather than a terminal childhood illness. With increased longevity new challenges are emerging that include the transition of young adults with CF to adult services, CF-related diabetes, disordered eating, osteoporosis, liver disease and transplantation.

Effect of Garlic on Serum Lipids Profiles and Leptin in Rats Fed High Fat Diet

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Ah Kang ◽  
Ho-Jung Shin ◽  
Ki-Hyo Jang ◽  
Sung-Eun Choi ◽  
Kyung-Ah Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Intermittent Fasting Ameliorated High-Fat Diet-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression in Brain

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Suzan M. Hazzaa ◽  
Mabrouk A. Abd Eldaim ◽  
Amira A. Fouda ◽  
Asmaa Shams El Dein Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cell Layers

Intermittent fasting (IF) plays an important role in the protection against metabolic syndrome-induced memory defects. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of both prophylactic and curative IF against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced memory defects in rats. The control group received a normal diet; the second group received a HFD; the third group was fed a HFD for 12 weeks and subjected to IF during the last four weeks (curative IF); the fourth group was fed a HFD and subjected to IF simultaneously (prophylactic IF). A high-fat diet significantly increased body weight, serum lipids levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and H score in brain tissue and altered memory performance. In addition, it significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in brain tissue and viability and thickness of pyramidal and hippocampus granular cell layers. However, both types of IF significantly decreased body weight, serum lipids, GFAP protein expression and H score and MDA concentration in brain tissue, and improved memory performance, while it significantly increased GSH concentration in brain tissue, viability, and thickness of pyramidal and granular cell layers of the hippocampus. This study indicated that IF ameliorated HFD-induced memory disturbance and brain tissue damage and the prophylactic IF was more potent than curative IF.

Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: Effect on Survival

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
J. Reisman ◽  
M. Corey ◽  
G. Canny ◽  
H. Levison
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Sick Children

Patient data obtained from the cystic fibrosis clinic of the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada) over the period 1977 to 1988 were analyzed to compare the diabetic and nondiabetic cystic fibrosis patients. The pulmonary function, nutritional status, and survival data for 713 patients who attended the clinic over the 11-year period are reported. Insulin-dependent diabetes was found to exist in 37 (5.2%) of 713 patients. The patient age at time of diabetes diagnosis ranged from 2 to 34 years, with a mean ± SD of 20.0 ± 7.4 years. Patients who died in both the diabetic and nondiabetic groups had worse pulmonary and nutritional status than the surviving patients, but there were no significant differences between the diabetic and nondiabetic groups in those who died or in those who remained alive. Survival analysis showed a similar prognosis in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups. It is concluded that cystic fibrosis patients with diabetes are, for their age, not different from patients without diabetes with respect to pulmonary function, nutritional status, and survival.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein Profile in Aged Rats Fed Chia Oil- or Hydroxytyrosol-Enriched Pork in High Cholesterol/High Saturated Fat Diets

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Arturo Santos-López ◽  
Alba Garcimartín ◽  
Sara Bastida ◽  
Mirandeli Bautista-Ávila ◽  
María José González-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Chia Oil

Restructuring pork (RP) by adding new functional ingredients, like Chia oil (one of the richest natural source of α-linolenic acid) or hydroxytyrosol (HxT) (potent antioxidant), both with hypolipidemic activities, is one of the strategies that may help to reduce the potential negative effects of high meat products consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Chia oil- or HxT-enriched-RP effect on the lipoprotein profile of aged rats fed high-fat, high-energy, and cholesterol-enriched diets. RP samples were prepared by mixing lean pork and lard with or without Chia oil (152.2 g/kg fresh matter) or HxT (3.6 g/kg fresh matter). Diets were prepared by mixing a semisynthetic diet with freeze-dried RP. Groups of 1-year male Wistar rats were fed the following experimental diets for 8 weeks: C, control-RP diet; HC, cholesterol-enriched-RP diet; and Chia oil-RP (CHIA) and HxT, Chia oil- or hydroxytyrosol-RP, cholesterol-enriched diet. Plasma lipid, lipoprotein profile, SREBP-1c protein, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) receptor gene (Ldlr) expressions were evaluated. Compared to C diet, the HC diet increased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, total lipids, and SREBP-1c expression, but reduced Ldlr expression and significantly modified the lipoprotein profile, giving rise to the presence of high levels of atherogenic cholesterol-enriched very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles. Compared to the HC diet, the HxT diet did not produce significant changes in feed intake but it reduced the body weight. Chia oil and HxT partially arrested the negative effects of the high-fat, high-energy, and cholesterol-enriched meat-based diets on lipemia and lipoproteinemia, mostly by reducing the amount of cholesterol content in VLDL (60% and 74% less in CHIA and HxT vs. HC, respectively) and the VLDL total mass (59% and 63% less in CHIA and HxT vs. HC, respectively). Free fatty acids (FFA) significantly correlated with adipose tissue weight and VLDL total mass (both p < 0.05), and plasma triglycerides, phospholipids, total lipids, and SREBP-1c (all p < 0.001), suggesting the important role of FFA in lipoprotein metabolism. Results support the recommendation to include these ingredients in pork products addressed to reduce the presence of increased atherogenic particles in aged people at CVD risk consuming large amounts of pork.

Treatment of EFA deficiency with dietary triglycerides or phospholipids in a murine model of extrahepatic cholestasis

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. G822-G832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anniek Werner ◽  
Rick Havinga ◽  
Folkert Kuipers ◽  
Henkjan J. Verkade
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bile Duct Ligation ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Long Chain

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency during cholestasis is mainly due to malabsorption of dietary EFA ( 23 ). Theoretically, dietary phospholipids (PL) may have a higher bioavailability than dietary triglycerides (TG) during cholestasis. We developed murine models for EFA deficiency (EFAD) with and without extrahepatic cholestasis and compared the efficacy of oral supplementation of EFA as PL or as TG. EFAD was induced in mice by feeding a high-fat EFAD diet. After 3 wk on this diet, bile duct ligation was performed in a subgroup of mice to establish extrahepatic cholestasis. Cholestatic and noncholestatic EFAD mice continued on the EFAD diet (controls) or were supplemented for 3 wk with EFA-rich TG or EFA-rich PL. Fatty acid composition was determined in plasma, erythrocytes, liver, and brain. After 4 wk of EFAD diet, induction of EFAD was confirmed by a sixfold increased triene-to-tetraene ratio (T/T ratio) in erythrocytes of noncholestatic and cholestatic mice ( P < 0.001). EFA-rich TG and EFA-rich PL were equally effective in preventing further increase of the erythrocyte T/T ratio, which was observed in cholestatic and noncholestatic nonsupplemented mice (12- and 16-fold the initial value, respectively). In cholestatic mice, EFA-rich PL was superior to EFA-rich TG in decreasing T/T ratios of liver TG and PL (each P < 0.05) and in increasing brain PL concentrations of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid (each P < 0.05). We conclude that oral EFA supplementation in the form of PL is more effective than in the form of TG in increasing LCPUFA concentrations in liver and brain of cholestatic EFAD mice.

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