Seasonal incidence of microbes on the surface of first year needles of Norway spruce

Yellowing of Norway spruce is a relatively common problem in many regions of the Czech Republic. At some places, it is also connected with forest decline. This unfavourable phenomenon is initiated by several ecological as well as anthropogenic processes. One of the most important is the imbalance of forest stand nutrition. Particular reasons lead to nutrient deficiency, especially deficiency of magnesium. Solution to this undesirable trend is a profound ecological analysis and cause-oriented treatments. Besides decreasing air pollution impacts, fertilisation with deficient nutrients represents a successful treatment in the forest stand management in affected areas. In the area of interest, application of relatively small amounts of appropriate fertiliser (SILVAMIX Mg) led to considerable improvement in the defoliation dynamics and yellowing progress since the first year after application.

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Litter decomposition in a transect of Norway spruce forests: substrate quality and climate control

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x00-044 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 1136-1147 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Björn Berg ◽

Maj-Britt Johansson ◽

Vernon Meentemeyer

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Litter Decomposition ◽

First Year ◽

Lignin Concentration ◽

Litter Mass ◽

Substrate Quality ◽

Litter Mass Loss ◽

Mn Concentration ◽

Mn Concentrations

We used a climatic transect of 14 stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) at which locally collected needle litters was incubated. Our purpose was to show that climate is not necessarily the main rate-regulating factor even in a long climatic transect. The sites are found in Sweden from 56 to 66°N. There was virtually no relationship between climate (AET ranging between 371 and 545 mm) and first-year mass loss (range 19.4-32.8%). Instead, substrate quality (litter Mn concentration) explained 27% of the site-to-site variation in first-year mass loss. For the later stages of decomposition (second to fifth year), the sites could be divided into two groups; one in which lignin concentration regulated litter mass-loss rates, and one in which lignin concentration was not an important control. In this latter group, Mn concentrations were the component best correlated with litter mass loss. When combining all data, Mn concentration gave the best linear relationship. We repeated this procedure using first- to fifth-year mass-loss values and found the same pattern. We concluded that litter Mn concentrations is a key factor for Norway spruce litter decomposition because of its influence on lignin degradation and that the very early stage is short or nonexistant.

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THE INFLUENCE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ON NORWAY SPRUCE (PICEA ABIES (L.) H. KARST.) SEEDLINGS GROWTH

Proceedings of the 7th International Scientific Conference Rural Development 2015 ◽

10.15544/rd.2015.079 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Martynas KEMESIUS ◽

Gerda SILINGIENE ◽

Regina VASINAUSKIENE ◽

Remigijus ZALKAUSKAS

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

First Year ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Soil Fertilization ◽

Fertilization Rates ◽

The Impact

The usage of biodegradable waste as sewage sludge in a proper way for tree nurseries enable to seek for ecological, waste-less, alternative to mineral fertilization farming ways. The aim of this research is to investigate impact of sewage sludge fertilizers on Norway spruce (Picea abies) two years’ seedlings growth. Research has been done in 2013-2014 at Utena State Forest Enterprise nursery. The different fertilization rates (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 t/ha) of sewage sludge were investigated and compared with control – traditional fertilization with mineral fertilizers. The impact of sewage sludge was evaluated by seedlings biometric indicators, also dry mass of sample seedlings (medium seedlings by height and diameter). The bigger rates of sewage sludge showed almost better results in exception of seeds outlet. Sewage sludge has long lasting effect on seedlings growth and could successfully shift soil fertilization by mineral fertilizers. The obtained research results confirm the similar research carried out in 2011 in Rokiskis State Forest Enterprise nursery for first year Norway Spruce seedlings.

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Urea fertilizations of a Norway spruce stand: effects on nitrogen in soil water and field-layer vegetation after final felling

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x02-187 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 375-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Eva Ring ◽

Johan Bergholm ◽

Bengt A Olsson ◽

Gunnar Jansson

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Organic N ◽

First Year ◽

Total N ◽

Urea Treatment ◽

Field Layer ◽

Nitrate N ◽

Ammonium N ◽

The Difference

Effects of previous fertilization with N (in total, 600 kg urea-N·ha1 applied in 1976, 1980, and 1985) were studied after final felling in 1992 of a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand in southern Sweden. The logging residues were removed from the site. In the clearcut, soil water at 50 cm depth was sampled 16 times with ceramic suction samplers (P80) in experimental plots during 19921995. The biomass and N content of the field layer was measured on seven occasions. The N storage of the field layer was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the urea treatment than in the control. Significant interactions between treatment and time were found in soil water for nitrate-N and total N but not for ammonium-N, organic N, and pH. During the first year after final felling, nitrate-N tended to increase faster in the urea treatment than in the control. After a period with similar concentrations in both treatments, nitrate-N in the urea treatment declined while at the same time, a peak was observed in the control showing four to seven times higher concentrations than in the urea treatment. At the end of the study, the concentrations still appeared to be highest in the control. Thus, the study demonstrated the importance of using a sufficiently long study period when investigating environmental effects. Total leaching of nitrate-N from the urea treatment was roughly 40% ([Formula: see text]20 kg·ha1) less than that from the control. The difference in leaching may be partly explained by the greater accumulation of N in the field-layer vegetation in the urea treatment.

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Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection During the First Year of Life

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa754 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emilia Thomas ◽

Janna-Maija Mattila ◽

Pasi Lehtinen ◽

Tytti Vuorinen ◽

Matti Waris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

First Year ◽

Seasonal Incidence ◽

Rsv Infection ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Although many infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are hospitalized, most infants are treated as outpatients. Limited data are available on the burden of RSV in outpatient infants. Methods In a prospective study, we enrolled 431 newborn infants and followed them for a 10-month period (September-June). During each respiratory illness, we examined the infants and obtained nasopharyngeal specimens for the detection of RSV. The parents completed daily symptom diaries throughout the study. Results Among 408 active participants, the seasonal incidence rate of RSV illness was 328.4 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 275.2-389.0). Infants with ≥1 sibling had a 1.9-fold higher incidence of RSV illness than those without (95% CI 1.3-2.8; P = .0007). Acute otitis media developed in 103 (76.9%) of 134 infants with RSV infection, and 95 (70.9%) were treated with antibiotics. Nine (6.7%) infants with RSV were hospitalized, for a seasonal incidence rate of RSV hospitalization of 22.1 per 1000 (95% CI 10.1-41.9). Conclusions The outpatient burden of RSV is heavy on infants during the first year of life. Acute otitis media is a frequent complication of RSV, and it should be included in cost-effectiveness analyses of prevention or treatment of RSV infections in infants.

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