Earthquake ground motion estimation using strong-motion records: a review of equations for the estimation of peak ground acceleration and response spectral ordinates

Abstract New attenuation equations for peak ground acceleration and velocity for Japan are developed. The equations are derived using extensive data recorded by the new JMA-87-type accelerometers, which do not require instrumental corrections that the older SMAC-type accelerometers do. Earthquakes with depths up to 200 km are used to make the equation applicable to subduction zone regions, which are common in Japan. Effects of depth and local site on the attenuation are considered simultaneously with the distance dependence and magnitude dependence using a two-stage regression procedure to separate the magnitude dependence from the distance dependence. Since the resulting normal equations become singular, an iterative partial regression algorithm is proposed. It is found that for the same magnitude and distance, peak ground motion increases as depth increases. The variation of the station coefficients with respect to the corresponding soil-type classification is quite wide. The station coefficients for the peak ground acceleration are found to be weakly correlated with the general soil classification, while a stronger correlation was found for the peak ground velocity. The resulting attenuation relations are given by log10PGA=0.206+0.477MJ−log10r−0.00144r−0.00144r+0.00311h+cia,log10PGV=−1.769+0.628MJ−log10r−0.00130r−0.00144r+0.00222h+civ, where PGA (cm/sec2) and PGV (cm/sec) are the larger of the peak accelerations and velocities from two horizontal components, MJ is the JMA magnitude, r is the closest distance to the fault rupture, h is the depth, and ci is the station coefficient of the recording station. The mean of the coefficients of the JMA stations is given by ci = 0.

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Attenuation of peak ground acceleration, velocity and displacement based on multiple regression analysis of japanese strong motion records

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics ◽

10.1002/eqe.4290140204 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 199-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kazuhiko Kawashima ◽

Koh Aizawa ◽

Kazuyuki Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Peak Ground Acceleration ◽

Strong Motion ◽

Ground Acceleration ◽

Strong Motion Records ◽

Displacement Based

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Statistical properties of peak ground acceleration and their effect on results of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21741 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vasily Pavlenko

Keyword(s):

Seismic Hazard ◽

Normal Distribution ◽

Ground Motion ◽

Peak Ground Acceleration ◽

Hazard Analysis ◽

Strong Motion ◽

Extreme Value Distribution ◽

Statistical Properties ◽

Ground Acceleration ◽

Seismic Hazard Curve

<p>The problem is considered of unrealistic ground motion estimates, which arise when the Cornell&#8211;McGuire method is used to estimate the seismic hazard for extremely low annual probabilities of exceedance. This problem stems from using the normal distribution in the modelling of the variability of the logarithm of ground motion parameters. In this study, the statistical properties of the logarithm of peak ground acceleration (PGA) are analysed by using the database of the strong-motion seismograph networks of Japan. The normal distribution and the generalised extreme value distribution (GEVD) models were considered in the analysis, with the preferred model being selected based on statistical criteria. The results indicate that the GEVD was a more appropriate model in eleven out of twelve instances. The estimates of the shape parameter of the GEVD were negative in every instance, indicating the presence of a finite upper bound of PGA. Therefore, the GEVD provides a model that is more realistic for the scatter of the logarithm of PGA, and the application of this model leads to a bounded seismic hazard curve.</p>

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Effect of Ridge Topography on Earthquake Ground Motion

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1696 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 594-597 ◽

pp. 1696-1701

Author(s):

Guo Dong Xu ◽

Zheng Hua Zhou ◽

Jing Shan Bo ◽

Wei Hua Fang

Keyword(s):

Ground Motion ◽

Peak Ground Acceleration ◽

Response Spectrum ◽

Vertical Direction ◽

Earthquake Ground Motion ◽

Topographic Effect ◽

Ground Acceleration ◽

Seismic Ground Motion ◽

Remarkable Effect ◽

Motion Amplitude

The ridge topography can substantially influence seismic ground motion and, in general, causes the amplification of seismic ground motion amplitude at ridges. Fortunately, sets of three-component accelerogram, obtained by the observation arrays for topographic effect at Zigong Xishan, Jiangyou Doutuan and Qingchuan Sanguo from the great Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks, provided basic data for analyzing the effect of ridge topography on seismic ground motion. On the base of these acceleration records, peak ground acceleration and response spectrum ratios are calculated, and examined and compared in order to grasp the effect of ridge topography on ground motion. The findings showed that ridge topography has the remarkable effect on seismic ground motion, in which the amplification characteristics varies depending on the shape of ridge topography, and the amplification effect of the horizontal directions are not similar to the vertical direction, and in some periods are even less than 1.0.

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ESTIMATION OF SUBSURFACE STRUCTURE BASED ON MICROTREMOR, BORE HOLE OBSERVATIONS AND STOCHASTIC STRONG GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS IN PALU CITY, CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA: A VALIDATION AND SENSITIVITY STUDY ON THE 23 JANUARY 2005 (PALU) EARTHQUAKE

Journal of Applied Geology ◽

10.22146/jag.7222 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pyi Soe Thein ◽

Subagyo Pramumijoyo ◽

Wahyu Wilopo ◽

Agung Setianto ◽

Kirbani Sri Brotopuspito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ground Motion ◽

Peak Ground Acceleration ◽

Strong Ground Motion ◽

Soil Condition ◽

Fault System ◽

Earthquake Ground Motion ◽

Subsurface Structure ◽

Ground Acceleration ◽

Central Sulawesi ◽

Strong Ground

In this study, we investigated the subsurface structure and strong ground motion parameters for Palu City. One of the major structures in Central Sulawesi is the Palu-Koro Fault system. Several powerful earthquakes have struck along the Palu-Koro Fault during recent years, one of the largest of which was an M 6.3 event that occurred on January 23, 2005 and caused several casualties. Following the event, we conducted a microtremor survey to estimate the shaking intensity distribution during the earthquake. From this survey we produced a map of the peak ground acceleration, velocity and ground shear strain in Palu City. We performed single observations of microtremors at 151 sites in Palu City. The results enabled us to estimate the site-dependent shaking characteristics of earthquake ground motion. We also conducted 8-site microtremor array investigation to gain a representative determination of the soil condition of subsurface structures in Palu. From the dispersion curve of array observations, the central business district of Palu corresponds to relatively soil condition with Vs ≤ 300 m/s, the predominant periods due to horizontal vertical ratios (HVSRs) are in the range of 0.4 to 1.8 s and the resonant frequency are in the range of 0.7 to 3.3 Hz. Three boreholes were throughout the basin especially in Palu area to evaluate the geotechnical properties of subsurface soil layers. The depths are varying from 1 m to 30 m. Strong ground motions of the Palu area were predicted based on the empirical stochastic green’s function method. Peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity becomes more than 0.04 g and 30 kine in some areas, which causes severe damage for buildings in high probability. Keywords: Palu-Koro fault, microtremor, bore holes, peak ground acceleration and velocity.

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Comparing Ground Motion Intensity, Root Mean Square of Acceleration and Time Duration from Four Definitions of Strong Motion

The Open Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.2174/1874149501509010260 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 260-273

Author(s):

Heriberto Echezuría

Keyword(s):

Root Mean Square ◽

Ground Motion ◽

Peak Ground Acceleration ◽

Near Field ◽

Strong Motion ◽

Mean Square ◽

Time Duration ◽

Ground Acceleration ◽

Large Dispersion ◽

Strong Section

Variation of strong motion intensity, root mean square of ground acceleration and time-duration in seconds obtained from 83 accelerograms of 18 earthquakes with magnitudes between 5 to 7.7 were investigated considering four definitions of strong section of accelerograms given by Vanmarcke-Lai; Bolt, Trifunac-Brady and McCaan-Shah. Strong motion intensities were calculated for all definitions of strong duration. Even though, durations in seconds and root mean square of ground acceleration values resulted quite different among the four definitions of strong sections, both durations in seconds and root mean square of acceleration squared values tend to compensate each other to yield the same strong motion intensity for each definition used. Q-ratio as defined by Vanmarcke-Lai (Peak Ground Acceleration divided by root mean square of acceleration) was found not constant but instead it varied significantly for all strong motion definitions. Similarly, ratio of strong motion intensity over peak ground acceleration squared as defined by Vanmarcke-Lai holds linear for time durations less than 20-30 seconds for all definitions, afterwards it shows large dispersion. Finally, Vanmarcke-Lai time duration in seconds appears to increase from near field distance up to a certain medium distance after which it starts to decrease.

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Seismic and Structural Analyses of the Eastern Anatolian Region (Turkey) Using Different Probabilities of Exceedance

Applied System Innovation ◽

10.3390/asi4040089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Ercan Işık ◽

Ehsan Harirchian ◽

Aydın Büyüksaraç ◽

Yunus Levent Ekinci

Keyword(s):

Seismic Hazard ◽

Ground Motion ◽

Seismic Design ◽

Seismic Moment ◽

Peak Ground Acceleration ◽

Earthquake Ground Motion ◽

Earthquake Risk ◽

Ground Acceleration ◽

Earthquake Parameters ◽

Seismic Design Code

Seismic hazard analysis of the earthquake-prone Eastern Anatolian Region (Turkey) has become more important due to its growing strategic importance as a global energy corridor. Most of the cities in that region have experienced the loss of life and property due to significant earthquakes. Thus, in this study, we attempted to estimate the seismic hazard in that region. Seismic moment variations were obtained using different types of earthquake magnitudes such as Mw, Ms, and Mb. The earthquake parameters were also determined for all provincial centers using the earthquake ground motion levels with some probabilities of exceedance. The spectral acceleration coefficients were compared based on the current and previous seismic design codes of the country. Additionally, structural analyses were performed using different earthquake ground motion levels for the Bingöl province, which has the highest peak ground acceleration values for a sample reinforced concrete building. The highest seismic moment variations were found between the Van and Hakkari provinces. The findings also showed that the peak ground acceleration values varied between 0.2–0.7 g for earthquakes, with a repetition period of 475 years. A comparison of the probabilistic seismic hazard curves of the Bingöl province with the well-known attenuation relationships showed that the current seismic design code indicates a higher earthquake risk than most of the others.

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