Cortisol stimulation of estradiol and progesterone secretion by human granulosa cells is independent of follicle-stimulating hormone effects**Supported by the United States Public Health Services grant HD 06274-14 and by the Mellon Foundation.††Presented at the Fifth World Congress on in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer, Norfolk, Virginia, April 5 to 10, 1987.

This study examines the ability of human high density lipoproteins (HDL3) to deliver cholesteryl esters to human granulosa cells and describes the selective cholesterol pathway by which this occurs. Luteinized cells obtained from subjects undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer procedures were incubated with native HDL3 (or radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled HDL cholesteryl esters) to determine whether cells from humans (in which HDL is not the primary circulating lipoprotein species) can nevertheless interiorize and appropriately process cholesteryl esters for steroidogenesis. The results indicate that hormone-stimulated granulosa cells actively and efficiently use human HDL-derived cholesterol for progesterone production. More than 95% of the mass of HDL cholesteryl esters entering cells does so through the nonlysosomal (selective) pathway, i.e. cholesteryl esters released from HDL are taken up directly by the cells without internalization of apoproteins. Once internalized, the cholesteryl esters are either hydrolyzed and directly used for steroidogenesis or stored in the cells as cholesteryl esters until needed. The utilization of the internalized cholesteryl esters is a hormone-regulated event; i.e. luteinized human granulosa cells internalize and store large quantities of HDL-donated cholesteryl esters when available, but further processing of the cholesteryl esters (hydrolysis, reesterification, or use in steroidogenesis) does not occur unless the cells are further stimulated to increase progesterone secretion.

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In vitro Stimulation of Granulosa Cells by a Combination of Different Active Ingredients of Unkei-to

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x0400220x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (04) ◽

pp. 569-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Wen-Shu Sun ◽

Atsushi Imai ◽

Keiko Tagami ◽

Michiyo Sugiyama ◽

Tatsuro Furui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Granulosa Cells ◽

Response Curves ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Human Granulosa Cells ◽

Estradiol Secretion ◽

Paeoniae Radix ◽

In Vivo Effects ◽

Stimulation Of

Unkei-to is widely used in traditional Japanese herbal medicine for its ovulation-inducing effect. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo effects of Unkei-to and its compounds on the steroidogenesis and cytokine secretion in human granulosa cells. Unkei-to stimulated the secretions of 17β-estradiol and progesterone from highly luteinized granulosa cells obtained from in vitro fertilization patients; the stimulated effect on estradiol secretion occurred with 0.3 μg/ml, while a significant effect on progesterone secretion was obtained at 10 μg/ml. The Unkei-to stimulation of estradiol secretion could be accounted for by the effects of its ingredients, Shakuyaku (paeoniae radix, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas) and Keihi (cinnamomi cortex, Cinnamomum cassia Blume); while dose response curves for Unkei-to and Keihi to induce progesterone production were superimposable. Exposure of the cells to Unkei-to caused dose-dependent increases in the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in the culture medium. Similar results were obtained when cells were incubated with the ingredient Ninjin (ginseng radix, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), but not Shakuyaku and Keihi. These results indicate that Unkei-to has direct stimulatory effects on human granulosa cells to stimulate the steroidogenesis and secretion of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8). The various beneficial actions of Unkei-to on the ovary may result from a combination of different ingredient herbs with different stimulatory effects on both steroidogenesis and the ovulatory process within the ovary, as well as stimulatory effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis.

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Luteal support after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist for in vitro fertilization: superiority of human chorionic gonadotropin over oral progesterone**Presented at the VIth World Congress on In Vitro Fertilization, Jerusalem, Israel, April 2 to 7, 1989.

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53346-9 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 490-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Jacques Buvat ◽

Gérard Marcolin ◽

Catherine Guittard ◽

Jean-Claude Herbaut ◽

Anne Louise Louvet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

World Congress ◽

Luteal Support ◽

Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Releasing Hormone

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Birth Weight by Gestational Age for 76,710 Twins Born in the United States as a Result of In Vitro Fertilization: 2006 to 2010

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0036-1584137 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (01) ◽

pp. 31-37

Author(s):

Richard Dickey ◽

Xu Xiong ◽

Monica Klempel ◽

Gabriella Pridjian

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Birth Weight ◽

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Gestational Age ◽

The United States ◽

Vitro Fertilization

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How Does the Inclusion of Twins Conceived via Fertility Treatments Influence the Results of Twin Studies?

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2012.53 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 746-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Alexandra Burt ◽

Kelly L. Klump

Keyword(s):

Twin Studies ◽

The United States ◽

Fertility Treatment ◽

State University ◽

Behavioral Differences ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Fertility Treatments ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Twin Families

Rates of twinning have risen dramatically over the last 30 years, from 1 in 53 births in 1980 to 1 in 30 births in 2009 (Martin et al. (January 2012). Three decades of twin births in the United States, 1980–2009. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics). This increase is largely attributable to increases in the use of fertility treatments (i.e., ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization) combined with delays in parenthood. Although this increase means that more twins are available for recruitment into twin studies, it also has potential consequences for the heritability estimates obtained in these studies. This study sought to evaluate this possibility, making use of the ongoing Michigan Twins Project (N = 7,261 families with twins aged 3–17 years), an arm of the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Results revealed that, on average, twins conceived via fertility treatments had lower rates of behavior problems than those conceived naturally, although these behavioral differences could be explained largely by demographic and socio-economic differences across the two types of twin families. Twin similarity did not meaningfully differ across fertility treatment status. We thus conclude that estimates of genetic and environmental influences obtained from twin studies over the last 10–15 years are more or less unaffected by the inclusion of twins conceived via fertility treatments in their samples.

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