Su1948 - Dynamics of Gut Microbiome Recovery after Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Treatment in Young and Old Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. S-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Laubitz ◽  
Monica Midura-Kiela ◽  
Fayez K. Ghishan ◽  
Pawel R. Kiela
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Old Mice

scholarly journals A Pathogen-Selective Antibiotic Minimizes Disturbance to the Microbiome

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 4264-4273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangwei Yao ◽  
Robert A. Carter ◽  
Grégoire Vuagniaux ◽  
Maryse Barbier ◽  
Jason W. Rosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Selective Approach

ABSTRACTBroad-spectrum antibiotic therapy decimates the gut microbiome, resulting in a variety of negative health consequences. Debio 1452 is a staphylococcus-selective enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) inhibitor under clinical development and was used to determine whether treatment with pathogen-selective antibiotics would minimize disturbance to the microbiome. The effect of oral Debio 1452 on the microbiota of mice was compared to the effects of four commonly used broad-spectrum oral antibiotics. During the 10 days of oral Debio 1452 treatment, there was minimal disturbance to the gut bacterial abundance and composition, with only the unclassified S24-7 taxon reduced at days 6 and 10. In comparison, broad-spectrum oral antibiotics caused ∼100- to 4,000-fold decreases in gut bacterial abundance and severely altered the microbial composition. The gut bacterial abundance and composition of Debio 1452-treated mice were indistinguishable from those of untreated mice 2 days after the antibiotic treatment was stopped. In contrast, the bacterial abundance in broad-spectrum-antibiotic-treated mice took up to 7 days to recover, and the gut composition of the broad-spectrum-antibiotic-treated mice remained different from that of the control group 20 days after the cessation of antibiotic treatment. These results illustrate that a pathogen-selective approach to antibiotic development will minimize disturbance to the gut microbiome.

High-level colonisation of the human gut by Verrucomicrobia following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory Dubourg ◽  
Jean-Christophe Lagier ◽  
Fabrice Armougom ◽  
Catherine Robert ◽  
Gilles Audoly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Treatment and Subsequent Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0161654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine D. Clausen ◽  
Thomas Bergholt ◽  
Olivier Bouaziz ◽  
Magnus Arpi ◽  
Frank Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Danish Cohort ◽  
Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Childhood Type

scholarly journals Treatment for Positive Urine Cultures in Hospitalized Adults: A Survey of Prevalence and Risk Factors in 3 Medical Centers

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Grein ◽  
Katherine L. Kahn ◽  
Samantha J. Eells ◽  
Seong K. Choi ◽  
Marianne Go-Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
National Healthcare Safety Network ◽  
Diagnostic Concordance

BACKGROUNDAntibiotic treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is prevalent but often contrary to published guidelines.OBJECTIVETo evaluate risk factors for treatment of ASB.DESIGNRetrospective observational study.SETTINGA tertiary academic hospital, county hospital, and community hospital.PATIENTSHospitalized adults with bacteriuria.METHODSPatients without documented symptoms of urinary tract infection per Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) criteria were classified as ASB. We examined ASB treatment risk factors as well as broad-spectrum antibiotic usage and quantified diagnostic concordance between IDSA and National Healthcare Safety Network criteria.RESULTSAmong 300 patients with bacteriuria, ASB was present in 71% by IDSA criteria. By National Healthcare Safety Network criteria, 71% of patients had ASB; within-patient diagnostic concordance with IDSA was moderate (kappa, 0.52). After excluding those given antibiotics for nonurinary indications, antibiotics were given to 38% (62/164) with ASB. Factors significantly associated with ASB treatment were elevated urine white cell count (65 vs 24 white blood cells per high-powered field, P<.01), hospital identity (hospital C vs A, odds ratio, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.14–0.80], P =.01), presence of leukocyte esterase (5.48 [2.35–12.79], P<.01), presence of nitrites (2.45 [1.11–5.41], P=.03), and Escherichia coli on culture (2.4 [1.2–4.7], P=.01). Of patients treated for ASB, broad-spectrum antibiotics were used in 84%.CONCLUSIONSASB treatment was prevalent across settings and contributed to broad-spectrum antibiotic use. Associating abnormal urinalysis results with the need for antibiotic treatment regardless of symptoms may drive unnecessary antibiotic use.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(3):319–326

scholarly journals Prolonged Antibiotic Treatment Generates a Fluoroquinolone Resistant Gut Microbiome and Collateral Multi-Drug Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Dubinsky ◽  
Leah Reshef ◽  
Nir Bar ◽  
Keren Rabinowitz ◽  
Lihi Godny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Impact

One Sentence SummaryThe majority of the gut microbiome develops antibiotic resistance via point-mutations in addition to collateral resistance whereas its density is only moderately decreased following long-term antibiotic treatment.ABSTRACTAntibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens represents a growing threat to modern medicine. Limitation of lengthy and broad-spectrum antibacterial treatment regimens is generally recommended. Nevertheless, some conditions may require prolonged antibiotic treatment. The effects of such treatments on bacterial communities, specifically their resistome, is yet unknown. Here, we followed a unique cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent total large bowel resection and the formation of an ileal pouch from their normal small bowel. The majority of these patients tend to develop inflammation of this previously normal small bowel, known as “pouchitis”. Pouchitis is commonly treated with repeated or prolonged courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics. By using metagenomics of faecal samples obtained longitudinally from patients treated with antibiotics for prolonged periods, we hereby show that the majority of their gut commensal bacteria develop antibiotic resistance by point-mutations. In addition, some bacterial species had acquired multidrug resistance loci with genes that confer resistance to the drug used in the treatment (ciprofloxacin) but co-localized with genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases and other resistance-conferring enzymes. We further show that bacterial density in faecal samples is only modestly reduced despite the long-term antibiotic treatment, thereby questioning the current rationale that antibiotic efficacy in treating pouch inflammation is due to the reduction of bacterial load. This study reveals the impact and dynamics of prolonged antibiotic treatment on human gut microbiomes and provides insights that may guide the development of future IBD therapies. It also provides novel insights into bacterial community recovery after cessation of such prolonged treatment, and highlights the increased risk of spreading mobile antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Megaloblastic anemia: A common but often neglected cause of pyrexia of unknown origin

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Siddiqui ◽  
Divya Rabindranath ◽  
Shahbaz Habib Faridi ◽  
Azka Anees Khan ◽  
Sadaf Haiyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Pyrexia Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics

AbstractObjective: The objective was to study megaloblastic anemia as a cause of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). Materials and Methods: We conducted a study on 15 patients of megaloblastic anemia associated with fever, attending our hospital clinics over a period of 6 months. Results: While 11 patients had symptoms suggesting foci of infection and responded well to intravenous antibiotics, 4 patients had neither any evidence of infection nor responded with empirical broad spectrum antibiotic treatment. They were treated with vitamin B12/folate therapy which led to marked improvement in fever within 48 h. Presenting complaints of the patients and severity/duration of fever along with other epidemiological data were also studied in each case. Conclusion: The present study led us to conclude that megaloblastic anemia forms an important and reversible cause of fever and should be ruled out in all patients presenting with PUO. This knowledge would help the physicians in adequate and timely management of these patients.

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