scholarly journals Binding of thyroid hormones and their analogues to thyroxine-binding globulin in human serum.

1976 ◽  
Vol 251 (21) ◽  
pp. 6489-6494
Author(s):  
S M Snyder ◽  
R R Cavalieri ◽  
I D Goldfine ◽  
S H Ingbar ◽  
E C Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin

Transient Prealbumin- Associated Hyperthyroxinemia in TSH-Producing Pituitary Adenoma

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Langsteger ◽  
P. Költringer ◽  
P. Wakonig ◽  
B. Eber ◽  
M. Mokry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Alpha Subunit ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Free Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Transmission Computed Tomography

This case report describes a 38-year-old male who was hospitalized for further clarification of clinically mild hyperthyroidism. His increased total hormone levels, the elevated free thyroid hormones and the elevated basal TSH with blunted response to TRH strongly suggested a pituitary adenoma with inappropriate TSH incretion. Transmission computed tomography showed an intrasellar expansion, 16 mm in diameter. The neoplastic TSH production was confirmed by an elevated alpha-subunit and a raised molar alpha-sub/ATSH ratio. However, T4 distribution on prealbumin (PA, TTR), albumin (A) and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) showed a clearly increased binding to PA (39%), indicating additional prealbumin-associated hyperthyroxinemia. The absolute values of PA, A and TBG were within the normal range. After removal of the TSH-producing adenoma, basal TSH, the free thyroid hormones and T4 binding to prealbumin returned to normal. Therefore, the prealbumin-associated hyperthyroxinemia had to be interpreted as a transitory phenomenon related to secondary hyperthyroidism (T4 shift from thyroxine binding globulin to prealbumin) rather than a genetically conditioned anomaly of protein binding.

Autoantibodies to thyroxin and triiodothyronine in the immunoglobulin G fraction of serum.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2561-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Li Calzi ◽  
S Benvenga ◽  
S Battiato ◽  
F Santini ◽  
F Trimarchi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Weak Binding ◽  
Idiopathic Myxedema

Abstract Thyroid hormone antibodies (THAbs)--i.e., antibodies to thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)--are detected rarely in human serum, where they are searched for, possibly because of a quantitatively minimal interaction between thyroid hormones (the haptens) and serum IgGs (the antibodies). The weak binding could result from these facts: (a) there are already six physiological carrier proteins for thyroid hormones; (b) THAbs usually account for a very small fraction of the total serum IgGs; (c) THAbs may have--as reported in the literature--a relatively low affinity. To ascertain whether THAbs could pass undetected in serum, we measured antibodies to T3 and T4 in both the serum and the corresponding IgG fraction of six normal persons and 45 patients with various thyroid diseases (Graves' disease, idiopathic myxedema, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, tumors), using radioimmunoprecipitation. The prevalence of antibodies to T4 was 0/51 in both the sera and the IgG fractions; the prevalence of antibodies to T3 was 1/51 in both materials. Because all of the sera that tested THAb negative were confirmed to be so in the THAb assay of the IgG fraction, we conclude that the prevalence of serum THAbs is not underestimated and that autoimmunization against thyroid hormones is really a rare phenomenon.

ALTERATIONS IN CIRCULATING THYROID HORMONES AND THYROXINE BINDING GLOBULIN IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. GEURTS ◽  
N. DEMEESTER-MIRKINE ◽  
D. GLINOER ◽  
T. PRIGOGINE ◽  
M. FERNANDEZ-DEVILLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin

scholarly journals Immunological Reactivity Using Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies of Autoimmune Thyroid Target Sites with Dietary Proteins

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Datis Kharrazian ◽  
Martha Herbert ◽  
Aristo Vojdani
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Thyroid Axis

Many hypothyroid and autoimmune thyroid patients experience reactions with specific foods. Additionally, food interactions may play a role in a subset of individuals who have difficulty finding a suitable thyroid hormone dosage. Our study was designed to investigate the potential role of dietary protein immune reactivity with thyroid hormones and thyroid axis target sites. We identified immune reactivity between dietary proteins and target sites on the thyroid axis that includes thyroid hormones, thyroid receptors, enzymes, and transport proteins. We also measured immune reactivity of either target specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor, 5′deiodinase, thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, thyroxine-binding globulin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine against 204 purified dietary proteins commonly consumed in cooked and raw forms. Dietary protein determinants included unmodified (raw) and modified (cooked and roasted) foods, herbs, spices, food gums, brewed beverages, and additives. There were no dietary protein immune reactions with TSH receptor, thyroid peroxidase, and thyroxine-binding globulin. However, specific antigen-antibody immune reactivity was identified with several purified food proteins with triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroglobulin, and 5′deiodinase. Laboratory analysis of immunological cross-reactivity between thyroid target sites and dietary proteins is the initial step necessary in determining whether dietary proteins may play a potential immunoreactive role in autoimmune thyroid disease.

Developmentally regulated thyroid hormone distributor proteins in marsupials, a reptile, and fish

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. R1264-R1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Richardson ◽  
Julie A. Monk ◽  
Caroline A. Shepherdley ◽  
Lars O. E. Ebbesson ◽  
Frank Sin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Lipid Environment

Thyroid hormones are essential for vertebrate development. There is a characteristic rise in thyroid hormone levels in blood during critical periods of thyroid hormone-regulated development. Thyroid hormones are lipophilic compounds, which readily partition from an aqueous environment into a lipid environment. Thyroid hormone distributor proteins are required to ensure adequate distribution of thyroid hormones, throughout the aqueous environment of the blood, and to counteract the avid partitioning of thyroid hormones into the lipid environment of cell membranes. In human blood, these proteins are albumin, transthyretin and thyroxine-binding globulin. We analyzed the developmental profile of thyroid hormone distributor proteins in serum from a representative of each order of marsupials ( M. eugenii; S.crassicaudata), a reptile ( C. porosus), in two species of salmonoid fishes ( S. salar; O. tshawytsch), and throughout a calendar year for sea bream ( S. aurata). We demonstrated that during development, these animals have a thyroid hormone distributor protein present in their blood which is not present in the adult blood. At least in mammals, this additional protein has higher affinity for thyroid hormones than the thyroid hormone distributor proteins in the blood of the adult. In fish, reptile and polyprotodont marsupial, this protein was transthyretin. In a diprotodont marsupial, it was thyroxine-binding globulin. We propose an hypothesis that an augmented thyroid hormone distributor protein network contributes to the rise in total thyroid hormone levels in the blood during development.

A longitudinal study of total and free thyroid hormones and thyroxinebinding globulin during normal puberty

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Dunger ◽  
Janet A. Perkins ◽  
Terence P. Jowett ◽  
Philip R. Edwards ◽  
Leslie A. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Free Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Puberty Stages ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract. Thyroid hormones are essential for normal pubertal growth, yet the changes in total and, especially, free thyroid hormones and thyroxine-binding globulin during puberty have not been adequately defined. Serum from 39 normal children (20 girls, 19 boys) between the ages of 10 and 15 years were assayed for total T4, free T4, free T3 and thyroxine-binding globulin at 6-monthly intervals; the free hormone assays were valid, non-analogue methodologies. In the girls, free T4 levels fell from 15.7±0.6 pmol/l at 10 years to 13.0±0.6 (p<0.001) at 12.5 years before rising to 15.9±0.7 at 15 years; this nadir occurred at puberty stages 3-4. Changes in total T4 followed a similar pattern with a slight delay in the nadir (13 years, puberty stage 4). In the boys, free T4 fell from 16.3±0.6 pmol/l at 10 years to 14.3±0.3 at 13.5 years, then rising to 15.4±0.5 at 15 years; the nadir again occurred at puberty stages 3-4. The corresponding nadir in total T4 which occurred at puberty stages 4-5 was not apparent by age analysis. Thyroxine-binding globulin concentrations remained unchanged in the girls, but fell slightly in the boys during later puberty. Free T3 concentrations in the girls showed a progressive fall after 12.5 years which was significant by the age of 14 when most had been in puberty stage 5 for more than 1 year. The boys showed no change of free T3 concentration throughout the study. These data demonstrate important differences in the levels of free thyroid hormones in males and females during puberty. Normal ranges for girls and boys between the ages of 9.5 and 15.5 years are presented.

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