Three-dimensional modelling of the motion range of axial rotation of the upper arm

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 899-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Wang ◽  
Michel Maurin ◽  
Frédéric Mazet ◽  
Nilo De Castro Maia ◽  
Karine Voinot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Motion Range

Adult Acquired Flatfoot

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Mataczyński ◽  
Mateusz Pelc ◽  
Halina Romualda Zięba ◽  
Zuzana Hudakova
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Tibialis Posterior ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Motion Range

Acquired adult flatfoot is a three-dimensional deformation, which consists of hindfoot valgus, collapse of the longitudinal arch of the foot and adduction of the forefoot. The aim of the work is to present problems related to etiology, biomechanics, clinical diagnostics and treatment principles of acquired flatfoot. The most common cause in adults is the dysfunction of the tibialis posterior muscle, leading to the lack of blocking of the transverse tarsal joint during heel elevation. Loading the unblocked joints consequently leads to ligament failure. The clinical image is dominated by pain in the foot and tibiotarsal joint. The physical examination of the flat feet consists of: inspection, palpation, motion range assessment and dynamic force assessment. The comparable attention should be paid to the height of the foot arch, the occurrence of “too many toes” sign, evaluate the heel- rise test and correction of the flatfoot, exclude Achilles tendon contracture. The diagnosis also uses imaging tests. In elastic deformations with symptoms of posterior tibial tendonitis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, short-term immobilization, orthotics stabilizing the medial arch of the foot are used. In rehabilitation, active exercises of the shin muscles and the feet, especially the eccentric exercises of the posterior tibial muscle, are intentional. The physiotherapy and balneotherapy treatments, in particular hydrotherapy, electrotherapy and laser therapy, are used as a support. In advanced lesions, surgical treatment may be necessary, including plastic surgery of soft tissues, tendons, as well as osteotomy procedures.

Mechanical Evaluation of the Pronator Teres Rerouting Tendon Transfer

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. J. VEEGER ◽  
M. KREULEN ◽  
M. J. C. SMEULDERS
Keyword(s):  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Pronator Quadratus ◽  
Pronator Teres

We simulated pronator teres rerouting using a three-dimensional biomechanical model of the arm. Simulations comprised the evaluation of changes in muscle length and the moment arm of pronator teres with changes in forearm axial rotation and elbow flexion. The rerouting of Pronator Teres was simulated by defining a path for it through the interosseous membrane with re-attachment to its original insertion. However the effect of moving the insertion to new positions, 2 cm below and above, the original position was also assessed. The effect on total internal rotation and external rotation capacity was determined by calculating the potential moments for pronator teres, supinator, pronator quadratus, biceps brachii and brachioradialis. Pronator teres was found to be a weak internal rotator in extreme pronation, but a strong internal rotator in neutral rotation and in supination. After rerouting pronator teres was only a strong external rotator in full pronation and not at other forearm positions, where the effect of rerouting was comparable to a release procedure.

Kinematics and Laxity of Ulnohumeral Joint Under Valgus-Varus Stress

1998 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Tanaka ◽  
Kai-Nan An ◽  
Bernard F. Morrey
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Varus Stress ◽  
Baseline Information

Three-dimensional kinematics of the ulnohumeral joint under simulated active elbow joint flexion-extension was obtained by using an electromagnetic tacking device. The joint motion was analyzed based on Eulerian angle description. In order to minimize the effect of "downstream cross-talk" on calculation of the three Eulerian angles, an optimal axis to best represent flexion-extension of the elbow joint was established. This axis, on average, is close to the line joining the centers of the capitellum and the trochlear groove. Furthermore, joint laxity under valgus-varus stress was also examined. With the weight of the forearm as the stress, maximums of 7.6° valgus-varus laxity and 5.3° axial rotation laxity were observed within a range of elbow flexion. The results of this study provide useful baseline information on joint laxity for the evaluation of elbow joints with implant replacements and other surgical treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Kinematics of the Lumbo–Pelvic Complex under Different Loading Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-349
Author(s):  
Martin Weidling ◽  
Christian Voigt ◽  
Toni Wendler ◽  
Martin Heilemann ◽  
Michael Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe lumbo-pelvic complex is a highly complex structural system. The current investigation aims to identify the kinematics between interacting bone segments under different loading conditions. A specimen of the lumbo-pelvic complex was obtained from a human body donor and tested in a self-developed test rig. The experimental setup was designed to imitate extension, flexion, right and left lateral bending and axial rotation to the left and to the right, respectively. The vertebra L3 was firmly embedded and load was introduced via hip joints. Using a digital image correlation (DIC) system, the 3D motions of 15 markers at different landmarks were measured for each loadcase under cyclic loading. For each loadcase, the kinematics were analyzed in terms of three-dimensional relative movements between L3 and the sacrum. The usefulness of the experimental technique was demonstrated. It may serve for further biomechanical investigations of relative motion of sacroiliac and vertebral joints and deformation of bony structures.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Analysis of Allograft Spacer Failure as a Function of Cortical-Cancellous Ratio in Anterior Cervical Discectomy/Fusion: Allograft Spacer Alone Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6413
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Kwon ◽  
Hwan-Mo Lee ◽  
Tae-Hyun Park ◽  
Sung Jae Lee ◽  
Young-Woo Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hybrid Motion ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy Fusion ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
Additional Fixation ◽  
Lateral Walls

The design and ratio of the cortico-cancellous composition of allograft spacers are associated with graft-related problems, including subsidence and allograft spacer failure. Methods: The study analyzed stress distribution and risk of subsidence according to three types (cortical only, cortical cancellous, cortical lateral walls with a cancellous center bone) and three lengths (11, 12, 14 mm) of allograft spacers under the condition of hybrid motion control, including flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending,. A detailed finite element model of a previously validated, three-dimensional, intact C3–7 segment, with C5–6 segmental fusion using allograft spacers without fixation, was used in the present study. Findings: Among the three types of cervical allograft spacers evaluated, cortical lateral walls with a cancellous center bone exhibited the highest stress on the cortical bone of spacers, as well as the endplate around the posterior margin of the spacers. The likelihood of allograft spacer failure was highest for 14 mm spacers composed of cortical lateral walls with a cancellous center bone upon flexion (PVMS, 270.0 MPa; 250.2%) and extension (PVMS: 371.40 MPa, 344.2%). The likelihood of allograft spacer subsidence was also highest for the same spacers upon flexion (PVMS, 4.58 MPa; 28.1%) and extension (PVMS: 12.71 MPa, 78.0%). Conclusion: Cervical spacers with a smaller cortical component and of longer length can be risk factors for allograft spacer failure and subsidence, especially in flexion and extension. However, further study of additional fixation methods, such as anterior plates/screws and posterior screws, in an actual clinical setting is necessary.

Prediction of birth weight using fetal thigh and upper-arm volumes by three-dimensional ultrasonography in a Brazilian population

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza ◽  
Márcio Fragoso Vieira ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior ◽  
Liliam Cristine Rolo ◽  
Antonio Fernandes Moron
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Upper Arm

Can the Effect of Soft Tissue Artifact Be Eliminated in Upper-Arm Internal-External Rotation?

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxin Zhang ◽  
David G. Lloyd ◽  
Amity C. Campbell ◽  
Jacqueline A. Alderson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Movement Artifact ◽  
Sinusoidal Pattern ◽  
Soft Tissue Artifact

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of soft tissue artifact during three-dimensional motion capture and assess the effectiveness of an optimization method to reduce this effect. Four subjects were captured performing upper-arm internal-external rotation with retro-reflective marker sets attached to their upper extremities. A mechanical arm, with the same marker set attached, replicated the tasks human subjects performed. Artificial sinusoidal noise was then added to the recorded mechanical arm data to simulate soft tissue artifact. All data were processed by an optimization model. The result from both human and mechanical arm kinematic data demonstrates that soft tissue artifact can be reduced by an optimization model, although this error cannot be successfully eliminated. The soft tissue artifact from human subjects and the simulated soft tissue artifact from artificial sinusoidal noise were demonstrated to be considerably different. It was therefore concluded that the kinematic noise caused by skin movement artifact during upper-arm internal-external rotation does not follow a sinusoidal pattern and cannot be effectively eliminated by an optimization model.

scholarly journals The 6-Plus–Person Lift Transfer Technique Compared With Other Methods of Spine Boarding

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Del Rossi ◽  
Mary Beth H. Horodyski ◽  
Bryan P. Conrad ◽  
Christian P. Di Paola ◽  
Matthew J. Di Paola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Linear Displacement ◽  
Angular Motion ◽  
Spinal Segment ◽  
Spinal Motion ◽  
Spinal Immobilization ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Spine Board

Abstract Context: To achieve full spinal immobilization during on-the-field management of an actual or potential spinal injury, rescuers transfer and secure patients to a long spine board. Several techniques can be used to facilitate this patient transfer. Objective: To compare spinal segment motion of cadavers during the execution of the 6-plus–person (6+) lift, lift-and-slide (LS), and logroll (LR) spine-board transfer techniques. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eight medical professionals (1 woman, 7 men) with 5 to 32 years of experience were enlisted to help carry out the transfer techniques. In addition, test conditions were performed on 5 fresh cadavers (3 males, 2 females) with a mean age of 86.2 ± 11.4 years. Main Outcomes Measure(s): Three-dimensional angular and linear motions initially were recorded during execution of transfer techniques, initially using cadavers with intact spines and then after C5-C6 spinal segment destabilization. The mean maximal linear displacement and angular motion obtained and calculated from the 3 trials for each test condition were included in the statistical analysis. Results: Flexion-extension angular motion, as well as anteroposterior and distraction-compression linear motion, did not vary between the LR and either the 6+ lift or LS. Compared with the execution of the 6+ lift and LS, the execution of the LR generated significantly more axial rotation (P  =  .008 and .001, respectively), more lateral flexion (P  =  .005 and .003, respectively), and more medial-lateral translation (P  =  .003 and .004, respectively). Conclusions: A small amount of spinal motion is inevitable when executing spine-board transfer techniques; however, the execution of the 6+ lift or LS appears to minimize the extent of motion generated across a globally unstable spinal segment.

FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF HUMAN THORACIC SPINE

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Xia Qiu ◽  
Ee-Chon Teo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Scoliosis Correction

Mathematical models, which can accurately represent the geometric, material and physical characteristics of the human spine structure, are useful in predicting biomechanical behaviors of the spine. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of thoracic spine (T1–T12) was developed, based on geometrical data of embalmed thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12) obtained from a precise flexible digitizer, and validated against published thoracolumbar experimental results in terms of the torsional stiffness of the whole thoracic spine (T1–T12) under axial torque alone and combined with distraction and compression loads. The torsional stiffness was increased by over 60% with application of a 425 N distraction force. A trend in increasing torsional stiffness with increasing distraction forces was detected. The validated model was then loaded under moment rotation in three anatomical planes to determine the ranges of motion (ROMs). The ROMs were approximately 37°, 31°, 32°, 51° for flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation, respectively. These results may offer an insight to better understanding the kinematics of the human thoracic spine and provide clinically relevant fundamental information for the evaluation of spinal stability and instrumented devices functionality for optimal scoliosis correction.

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