Can the Effect of Soft Tissue Artifact Be Eliminated in Upper-Arm Internal-External Rotation?

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxin Zhang ◽  
David G. Lloyd ◽  
Amity C. Campbell ◽  
Jacqueline A. Alderson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Movement Artifact ◽  
Sinusoidal Pattern ◽  
Soft Tissue Artifact

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of soft tissue artifact during three-dimensional motion capture and assess the effectiveness of an optimization method to reduce this effect. Four subjects were captured performing upper-arm internal-external rotation with retro-reflective marker sets attached to their upper extremities. A mechanical arm, with the same marker set attached, replicated the tasks human subjects performed. Artificial sinusoidal noise was then added to the recorded mechanical arm data to simulate soft tissue artifact. All data were processed by an optimization model. The result from both human and mechanical arm kinematic data demonstrates that soft tissue artifact can be reduced by an optimization model, although this error cannot be successfully eliminated. The soft tissue artifact from human subjects and the simulated soft tissue artifact from artificial sinusoidal noise were demonstrated to be considerably different. It was therefore concluded that the kinematic noise caused by skin movement artifact during upper-arm internal-external rotation does not follow a sinusoidal pattern and cannot be effectively eliminated by an optimization model.

GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION METHOD APPLIED TO THE KINEMATICS OF GAIT IN PREGNANT WOMEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650084 ◽  
Author(s):  
LILIANA AGUIAR ◽  
CARLOS ANDRADE ◽  
MARCO BRANCO ◽  
RITA SANTOS-ROCHA ◽  
FILOMENA VIEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The One ◽  
Soft Tissue Artifact

Morphological changes are associated to pregnancy, such as weight gain and increased volume of the trunk. The soft tissue artifact can also increase with these characteristics and affect the real joint kinematics. The main objective of this study was to understand the effect of using three different constraining sets in the lower limb joints, in the amount of soft tissue artifact (STA) of pregnant women, in order to obtain the most appropriated joint set to be used in gait and in this population. The ankle, knee and hip joints were modeled respectively with the following characteristics: (1) Universal–revolute–spherical (URS), (2) spherical–revolute–spherical (SRS) and (3) spherical–spherical–spherical (SSS). The six degrees of freedom (6DOF) model was used as the basis for comparison and considered the one with the highest error associated to the STA. In pregnant women, the URS model seems to affect more the kinematic variables when compared with the 6DOF model. Assuming that the kinematic error associated with pregnant women is increased due to the STA, the URS model may be affecting more the angular kinematics of the knee joint. SSS model seems to be more appropriated to analyze gait in second trimester pregnant women.

Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Throwing Arm during the Penalty Throw in Water Polo

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Feltner ◽  
September T. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Water Polo

The purpose was to compute the instantaneous contributions of anatomical rotations of the trunk, upper arm, forearm, and hand to ball speed and to quantify the three-dimensional angular kinematics of the trunk and throwing arm during water polo penalty throws. The largest contributors to predicted ball speed |(vB)'| at release were forearm extension and a counterclockwise twisting rotation of the trunk. Upper arm internal rotation contribution to |(vB)'| at release was highly variable and exhibited a significant inverse relationship with the upper arm horizontal adduction contribution to |(vB)'| at release (r= −.70). Subjects with large internal rotation contributions to |(vB)'| tended to have the upper arm in positions of less external rotation, but internally rotating at a faster rate, at release. Subjects with large upper arm horizontal adduction contributions to |(vB)'| exhibited a trend for faster rates of upper arm horizontal adduction and positions of increased forearm pronation at release. Findings suggest that a continuum of technique styles are used by water polo players to produce ball speed at release.

A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR COMPENSATING THE SOFT TISSUE ARTEFACT AT THE UPPER-ARM: IN VITRO VALIDATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 333-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA GIOVANNI CUTTI ◽  
ANGELO CAPPELLO ◽  
ANGELO DAVALLI
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
A New Technique

Soft tissue artefact is the dominant source of error in human movement analysis whenever this is carried out using systems based on skin-mounted markers. At the upper-arm, the most corrupted measure is the humerus internal-external rotation: the aim of this work is to propose a new technique for compensating the artefact affecting this measure. The technique is based on the definition of a humerus bone-embedded frame (H2) almost "artefact free" but influenced by the elbow orientation in the measurement of the humeral axial rotation, and on an algorithm designed to solve this kinematic coupling. The algorithm was tested in vitro correcting H2 distortions during different tasks imposed to a mechanical model of the upper-limb; in the most general case of a motion involving all the degrees of freedom of shoulder and elbow, the application of the algorithm reduced the root mean squared error between the known and the measured axial rotation from 8.60° to just 0.12°. By means of the algorithm, therefore, H2 becomes a reliable humerus reference system and its future application for in vivo artefact compensation appears promising.

Co-ordinate Grids for Three-dimensional Facial Measurement

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Head Positioning

Alternative methods for recording the shape of the facial soft tissue integument in three dimensions are discussed. The requirements for and problems associated with head positioning are indicated, and a technique is described by which head positioning errors can be overcome. The results of three-dimensional analysis of a sample of human subjects are described, with particular reference to the method of analysis and orientation planes selected. Finally, possible clinical uses for three-dimensional recording are suggested.

Soft tissue volume of upper arm in predicting small-for-gestational-age fetuses using three-dimensional ultrasound

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-Hsin Chang ◽  
Pei-Yin Tsai ◽  
Chen-Hsiang Yu ◽  
Huei-Chen Ko ◽  
Fong-Ming Chang
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Soft Tissue Volume

Quantifying the Spatial Variation of Lower-Limb Soft Tissue Artefact During Functional Activity Using MR Imaging and X-Ray Fluoroscopy

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massoud Akbarshahi ◽  
Justin W. Fernandez ◽  
Anthony Schache ◽  
Richard Baker ◽  
Scott Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Tissue Interface ◽  
Soft Tissue Artifact

Non-rigid movement of the soft tissue interface between skin-mounted markers and the underlying bones, also known as soft tissue artifact (STA), poses a major limitation to the non-invasive estimation of joint kinematics using three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis systems. Thorough knowledge of the nature of this non-rigid behavior is essential for development of compensation algorithms to enhance the accuracy of these systems. The studies in the literature aimed at quantifying STA have implemented invasive measurement methods such as bone pins [1] and external fixator devices [2], or have used subjects with pathological conditions [3]. In the present study, we integrated Magnetic Resonance (MR) and X-ray imaging techniques to evaluate the non-rigid behavior of the lower-limb soft tissue of healthy adults for a number of different functional tasks.

Three-Dimensional Interactions in a Two-Segment Kinetic Chain. Part II: Application to the Throwing Arm in Baseball Pitching

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Feltner
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Collegiate Baseball ◽  
Coordinate Data

Fastball pitches of eight collegiate baseball pitchers were filmed using the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) method of three-dimensional (3D) cinematography. Coordinate data were obtained, and the model developed by Feltner and Dapena (1989) was used to fractionate the 3D angular acceleration of the upper arm and distal segment (the forearm, the hand, and prior to release, the baseball) of the throwing arm into terms associated with the joint torques exerted on the segments and the kinematic variables used to define the motions of the segments. The findings indicated that the extreme external rotation of the upper arm during the pitch was due mainly to the sequential actions of the horizontal adduction and abduction muscles at the shoulder. The study also found that the rapid elbow extension prior to ball release was due primarily to the counterclockwise angular velocity of the upper arm and trunk (viewed from above) that occurred during the pitch, and not to the elbow extensor muscles.

Dynamics of the Shoulder and Elbow Joints of the Throwing Arm during a Baseball Pitch

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Feltner ◽  
Jesús Dapena
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Linear Transformation ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Coordinate Data

Fastball pitches of eight intercollegiate varsity baseball pitchers were filmed using the direct linear transformation (DLT) method of three-dimensional cinematography. Coordinate data were obtained, and the resultant joint forces and torques at the shoulder and elbow joints were calculated. Various kinematic parameters were also calculated to help describe the motions of the shoulder and elbow joints throughout the pitch. At the instant of stride foot contact, a horizontal adduction torque was present at the shoulder joint, and the shoulder was externally rotating. After the onset of the horizontal adduction torque, abduction and internal rotation torques were also present at the shoulder joint and a varus torque was present at the elbow joint. After the instant of maximum external rotation (30 ms prior to ball release), the upper arm started to internally rotate, but it was still in a position of external rotation at the instant of release. This paper discusses the roles of the torques in producing the observed motions of the throwing arm.

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