scholarly journals BIOPSY OF THE SCALENE LYMPH NODES AND THE RIGHT THORACIC DUCT LYMPH NODE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY DISEASE

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V. Maloney ◽  
Robert Franks ◽  
Dwight Makoff ◽  
Paul H. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE DIVIDING LYMPH NODE CELLS IN SYNGENEIC RECIPIENT RATS AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTION

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Griscelli ◽  
Pierre Vassalli ◽  
Robert T. McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Syngeneic Recipient

The distribution of large dividing lymph node or thoracic duct lymph cells, labeled in vitro with 3H-thymidine, was studied in syngeneic recipient rats after intravenous injection. In most experiments the donor rats had been immunized with Bacillus pertussis 4 days earlier, but in some instances cells from nonimmunized donors were used. In smears, the labeled donor cells had the appearance of large lymphocytes or large pyroninophilic cells. By electronmicroscopy, the majority of labeled donor cells were seen to have only scanty endoplasmic reticulum. It was found that the labeled cells rapidly "homed" to lymphoid tissue and recirculated in the recipient, in a fashion resembling that of small lymphocytes. However, the distribution of labeled cells was found to depend upon the source of the donor cells. Cells from mesenteric lymph nodes or thoracic duct lymph showed a marked preferential accumulation in lymphoid tissue within or adjacent to the intestine, whereas cells from peripheral nodes accumulated preferentially in peripheral lymph nodes. Cells from any of these sources showed an equal tendency to accumulate in the white pulp of the spleen. Suspensions of small lymphocytes, labeled in vitro with 3H-uridine, did not display a similar tendency to localize preferentially in lymphoid tissue in certain regions. It was also found that large dividing lymph node cells from donors immunized with an antigen (2,4-dinitrophenyl-bovine gamma globulin (DNP-BGG) or B. pertussis) showed a greater tendency to accumulate in a recipient lymph node containing that antigen than in the contralateral node. It was not determined whether the selective accumulation of large dividing lymphoid cells from different sources in lymphoid tissue of different regions in recipients was due to an antigen recognition mechansim or was the result of two different populations of cells with different "homing" mechanisms.

scholarly journals Prolonged survival in vivo of unprimed B cells responsive to a T-independent antigen.

1985 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ron ◽  
J Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Cell Transfer ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Duct Lymph

Despite earlier evidence to the contrary, it has recently been claimed that most B lymphocytes, including lymph node (LN) and thoracic duct B cells, are short-lived cells of recent marrow origin. To seek direct information on this question, we transferred unprimed LN or thoracic duct B cells from normal mice to xid mice, i.e., mice unresponsive to the T-independent antigen, trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll. At varying periods after B cell transfer the recipients were challenged with TNP-Ficoll; anti-TNP plaque-forming cells were assayed in the spleen 6 d later. The results showed that the B cell recipients retained responsiveness to TNP-Ficoll for at least 3 mo after transfer. Responsiveness increased within the first 3 wk but then remained relatively constant. These findings imply that, at least for TNP-Ficoll-reactive cells, B cells residing in LN and thoracic duct lymph are not short-lived cells of recent marrow. Indeed, the data suggest that once the pool of recirculating B cells is fully formed in adult mice, further input of newly formed cells from the marrow into the recirculating pool is very limited.

scholarly journals Reutilization of DNA Breakdown Products from Lymphocytes in Lumen of Intestine

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAHIKO KOTANI ◽  
AKIRA YAMASHITA ◽  
FUMIO RAI ◽  
KANJI SEIKI ◽  
ISOO HORII
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Intestinal Canal ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

Abstract Migration of a very large number of lymphocytes (211.8 x 106 per day) into the intestinal canal of rats, which weighed about 100 Gm., was found. Lymphocytes in the lumen of the intestine were 80.2 per cent small, 15.9 per cent medium and 3.9 per cent large. Any recycling of instilling cells into the intestine could not be observed. Lymphocytes labeled with H3-thymidine, obtained from both thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of donor rats, were washed and injected into the intestine of recipient rats. H3 activity of the blood and thoracic duct lymph plasma after administration of labeled lymphocytes showed that DNA breakdown products from the lymphocytes in the gut were absorbed and transferred by way of both the portal vein and the thoracic duct. Evidence that the activity was actually incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells of the recipient was demonstrated by autoradiographic means.

scholarly journals MIGRATION OF LYMPHOCYTES AND THYMOCYTES IN THE RAT

1968 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Goldschneider ◽  
Douglas D. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Splenic White Pulp

The cellular deficit in rats thymectomized at birth is primarily one of circulating small lymphocytes. The lymphocyte deficiency is similar to that induced in adult rats by chronic drainage from a thoracic duct fistula. In both cases, the animals show a reduction of small lymphocytes in peripheral blood, thoracic duct lymph, and in circumscribed areas of lymphoid tissue. The lympocyte deficiency in lymphoid tissue can be corrected by an intravenous injection of thoracic duct lymphocytes. The evidence suggests that the deficiency is corrected by small lymphocytes. Small lymphocytes pass from blood to lymphoid tissue along a route which includes the marginal sinus in splenic white pulp and postcapillary venules in the cortex of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Neither the ability of small lymphocytes to colonize lymphoid tissue nor their ability to traverse postcapillary venules are thymus-dependent phenomena. However, movement of small lymphocytes across postcapillary venules appears to modify the structure of endothelium. Intravenously injected small thymocytes migrate to lymphoid tissue in smaller numbers than small lymphocytes inoculated by the same route. The few thymocytes which localize in lymphoid tissue follow the same pathway as circulating small lymphocytes.

The Sizes and Interrelations of Lymphocytes in Thoracic Duct Lymph and Lymph Node of Normal and Stimulated Rats

1963 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Rieke ◽  
N.B. Everett ◽  
Ruth W. Caffrey
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

scholarly journals Lymphopoiesis and lymphocyte recirculation in the sheep fetus.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Pearson ◽  
M W Simpson-Morgan ◽  
B Morris
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Sheep Fetus

The production and the circulation of lymphocytes has been examined in the sheep fetus where neither foreign antigen nor immunoglobulins occur. It was found that as the lymphoid organs increased in size during fetal life, the numbers and the output of lymphocytes in the thoracic duct lymph increased. The recirculating pool of lymphocytes was estimated to be 5.5 +/- 1.5 X 10(8) cells in fetal lambs 95-100 days of age, 5.7 +/- 1.2 X 10(9) cells in fetuses 130-135 days of age, and 1.2 +/0 9.3 X 10(10) cells in fetuses near to term. The rate of addition of lymphocytes to the recirculating pool was 3.2 +/- 1.9 X 10(6) cells/h in fetuses of 100 days and 3.4 +/- 0.9 X 10(7) cells/h in fetuses of 130 days of age. Lymphocytes recirculated from blood to lymph in fetuses; labeled cells injected into the blood stream reappeared in the thoracic duct lymph promptly and reached maximum levels around 12-18 h after they were injected. Labeled lymphocytes were detected subsequently in greatest numbers in the lymph nodes, particularly in the mesenteric lymph nodes and in the interfollicular areas of the Peyer's patches. Chronic drainage of thoracic duct lymph from fetuses in utero for periods of up to 36 days had no obvious effects on the growth or development of the fetus and only minimal effects on the content of lymphocytes in the various lymphoid tissues even though the number of cells in the blood and lymph were reduced to between 20-30% of normal levels. Thymectomy done in fetuses about 2 mo befor cannulation of the thoracic duct reduced the output of cells in the thoracic duct to about 25% of normal levels and caused a significant reduction in the content of lymphocytes in the various lymphoid tissues. Thymectomized fetal lambs subjected to thoracic duct drainage for periods up to 2 wk in utero had a similar complement of lymphocytes in their lymphoid tissues to intact thymectomized fetal lambs. Lymphocytes obtained from the thoracic duct lymph of lambs thymectomized 2 mo previously recirculated from blood to lymph when they were injected intravenously, although they did this at a significantly slower rate than did lymphocytes from normal lambs.

scholarly journals The presence of metastatic thoracic duct lymph nodes in Western esophageal cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingmar L. Defize ◽  
Stijn M.C. Gorgels ◽  
Elena Mazza ◽  
Bernadette Schurink ◽  
Paolo Strignano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

scholarly journals Protein Synthesis in Rat Lymphocytes: Radioautographic Studies of Availability and Utilization of Labeled Amino Acids in Vivo

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM O. RIEKE ◽  
M. ROY SCHWARZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Rat Lymphocytes ◽  
Duct Lymph

Abstract Injections of H3-methionine and H3-leucine were combined with radiochemical and radioautographic technics to study the availability time of H3-methionine and the protein synthetic ability of rat lymphocytes in vivo. Although 98.5 per cent of H3-methionine was removed from the serum 5 minutes after injection, sufficient quantities persisted and/or re-entered the serum from tissues to cause increasing grain counts in radioautographs of large lymphocytes for 1 hour after isotope administration. A small amount of additional labeling occurred during the 2nd hour, but it is calculated that labeling is 97-98 per cent complete by 1 hour. All of the large and medium lymphocytes were labeled in the thymus, lymph node, and thoracic duct lymph at short intervals after injection of 4 µc./Gm. body weight of H3-methionine. Evidence is presented that protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm and that newly formed protein is equally distributed between daughter cells following mitosis. Previous immunochemical studies are combined with information on generation time and disappearance rates of radioactivity to suggest that large and medium lymphocytes are constantly producing and releasing proteins. Large and medium cells in lymph and lymph node are more active in this than are similar cells in the thymus. Evidence of reutilization of labeled metabolites in the lymph node and especially in the thymus is discussed. Although not all small lymphocytes were labeled by 4 µc./Gm. body weight of H3-methionine, it was shown that larger doses of isotope would label 100 per cent of them. Small lymphocytes in thoracic duct lymph evidenced significant turnover of labeled protein during the 1st day after isotope administration.

Lymphatic Permeability to Albumin

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney M. Patterson ◽  
Charles L. Ballard ◽  
Karlman Wasserman ◽  
H. S. Mayerson
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Duct Lymph

Radioactive albumin was infused proximally into a leg lymphatic of dogs at a constant rate, thoracic duct lymph and blood were sampled for 150 minutes and the radioactive albumin in these fluids determined. The infused albumin returns to the circulation primarily by the thoracic duct. Less than 3% of the infused albumin reaches the circulation by routes other than the thoracic duct except in unusual cases of right and left thoracic duct anastomoses. Lymph nodes do not phagocytize the serum albumin passing through them and exchange of albumin between lymph and blood in lymph nodes is quantitatively insignificant.

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