scholarly journals MIGRATION OF LYMPHOCYTES AND THYMOCYTES IN THE RAT

1968 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Goldschneider ◽  
Douglas D. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Splenic White Pulp

The cellular deficit in rats thymectomized at birth is primarily one of circulating small lymphocytes. The lymphocyte deficiency is similar to that induced in adult rats by chronic drainage from a thoracic duct fistula. In both cases, the animals show a reduction of small lymphocytes in peripheral blood, thoracic duct lymph, and in circumscribed areas of lymphoid tissue. The lympocyte deficiency in lymphoid tissue can be corrected by an intravenous injection of thoracic duct lymphocytes. The evidence suggests that the deficiency is corrected by small lymphocytes. Small lymphocytes pass from blood to lymphoid tissue along a route which includes the marginal sinus in splenic white pulp and postcapillary venules in the cortex of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Neither the ability of small lymphocytes to colonize lymphoid tissue nor their ability to traverse postcapillary venules are thymus-dependent phenomena. However, movement of small lymphocytes across postcapillary venules appears to modify the structure of endothelium. Intravenously injected small thymocytes migrate to lymphoid tissue in smaller numbers than small lymphocytes inoculated by the same route. The few thymocytes which localize in lymphoid tissue follow the same pathway as circulating small lymphocytes.

scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE DIVIDING LYMPH NODE CELLS IN SYNGENEIC RECIPIENT RATS AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTION

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Griscelli ◽  
Pierre Vassalli ◽  
Robert T. McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Syngeneic Recipient

The distribution of large dividing lymph node or thoracic duct lymph cells, labeled in vitro with 3H-thymidine, was studied in syngeneic recipient rats after intravenous injection. In most experiments the donor rats had been immunized with Bacillus pertussis 4 days earlier, but in some instances cells from nonimmunized donors were used. In smears, the labeled donor cells had the appearance of large lymphocytes or large pyroninophilic cells. By electronmicroscopy, the majority of labeled donor cells were seen to have only scanty endoplasmic reticulum. It was found that the labeled cells rapidly "homed" to lymphoid tissue and recirculated in the recipient, in a fashion resembling that of small lymphocytes. However, the distribution of labeled cells was found to depend upon the source of the donor cells. Cells from mesenteric lymph nodes or thoracic duct lymph showed a marked preferential accumulation in lymphoid tissue within or adjacent to the intestine, whereas cells from peripheral nodes accumulated preferentially in peripheral lymph nodes. Cells from any of these sources showed an equal tendency to accumulate in the white pulp of the spleen. Suspensions of small lymphocytes, labeled in vitro with 3H-uridine, did not display a similar tendency to localize preferentially in lymphoid tissue in certain regions. It was also found that large dividing lymph node cells from donors immunized with an antigen (2,4-dinitrophenyl-bovine gamma globulin (DNP-BGG) or B. pertussis) showed a greater tendency to accumulate in a recipient lymph node containing that antigen than in the contralateral node. It was not determined whether the selective accumulation of large dividing lymphoid cells from different sources in lymphoid tissue of different regions in recipients was due to an antigen recognition mechansim or was the result of two different populations of cells with different "homing" mechanisms.

Lymphatic pump treatment mobilizes leukocytes from the gut associated lymphoid tissue into thoracic duct lymph

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Schander ◽  
Melissa K. Bearden ◽  
Jamie B. Huff ◽  
Arthur Williams ◽  
Scott T. Stoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymphatic Pump Treatment ◽  
Duct Lymph

scholarly journals Brief Note: Marrow Repopulating Ability of Peripheral Blood Cells Compared to Thoracic Duct Cells

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. STORB ◽  
R. B. EPSTEIN ◽  
E. D. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Hemopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Marrow Repopulating Ability

Abstract Ten dogs were exposed to 1200 r. of whole body irradiation at a dose rate of 9.2 r./min. Five of these dogs were then given infusions of 21 to 74 x 109 autologous peripheral blood cells which had been previously stored at -80 C. 4.0 to 19.4 x 109 of these cells were lymphocytes, 0.4 to 4.9 x 109 were monocytes and 16.4 to 50.3 x 109 were granulocytes. All five dogs showed clinical or histologic evidence of bone marrow repopulation. The remaining 5 dogs were given 7 to 22 x 109 autologous thoracic duct lymphocytes. In none of these dogs was marrow repopulation observed. It was concluded that hemopoietic stem cells are not present in the thoracic duct lymph of the dog in any appreciable number.

Factors affecting gastric secretion in thoracic-duct lymph of dogs

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan D. A. Johnston ◽  
Charles F. Code
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Inhibitory Factors ◽  
Duct Lymph

Thoracic-duct lymph was collected from dogs during various phases of gastric secretion. The lymph samples were injected intravenously into dogs with vagally innervated and denervated pouches while these were secreting at slow rates in response to the continuous intravenous injection of small quantities of histamine. About half the samples inhibited gastric secretion. The rest produced transient stimulation or had no effect. The greatest degree of inhibition occurred when lymph collected immediately after a meal was injected. When fatty lymph was separated into fat and nonfat fractions, the fat-containing portion of lymph stimulated gastric secretion slightly, while the nonfat fraction carried the inhibitory influence when it was present. Systemic reactions were noted in one-third of the animals that had an inhibitory response. The occurrence of stimulatory or inhibitory factors in the lymph did not appear to be related to particular phases of gastric secretion.

Effect of endotoxin on capillary permeability to macromolecules

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chien ◽  
D. G. Sinclair ◽  
R. J. Dellenback ◽  
C. Chang ◽  
B. Peric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Endogenous Proteins

The intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (3 mg/kg) into dogs caused an increase in lymph flow from the thoracic duct. The lymph concentrations of macromolecules (dextran with mol. wt. of 250,000, albumin-I131, and endogenous proteins) increased and the lymph-to-plasma ratios approached 1. These results indicate that E. coli endotoxin causes an increase in capillary permeability to both the fluid and the macromolecules in plasma. The increase in capillary permeability for albumin-I131 was greater than that for dextran with mol. wt. of 250,000. Eighty minutes after endotoxin, the lymph flow returned to normal, but albumin-I131 and dextran injected at this time were still transferred into the thoracic duct lymph at enhanced rates.

scholarly journals Reutilization of DNA Breakdown Products from Lymphocytes in Lumen of Intestine

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAHIKO KOTANI ◽  
AKIRA YAMASHITA ◽  
FUMIO RAI ◽  
KANJI SEIKI ◽  
ISOO HORII
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Intestinal Canal ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

Abstract Migration of a very large number of lymphocytes (211.8 x 106 per day) into the intestinal canal of rats, which weighed about 100 Gm., was found. Lymphocytes in the lumen of the intestine were 80.2 per cent small, 15.9 per cent medium and 3.9 per cent large. Any recycling of instilling cells into the intestine could not be observed. Lymphocytes labeled with H3-thymidine, obtained from both thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of donor rats, were washed and injected into the intestine of recipient rats. H3 activity of the blood and thoracic duct lymph plasma after administration of labeled lymphocytes showed that DNA breakdown products from the lymphocytes in the gut were absorbed and transferred by way of both the portal vein and the thoracic duct. Evidence that the activity was actually incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells of the recipient was demonstrated by autoradiographic means.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF MARROW-DERIVED AND THYMUS-DERIVED SMALL LYMPHOCYTES IN THE LYMPHOID TISSUE AND THORACIC DUCT LYMPH OF NORMAL RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Howard ◽  
S. V. Hunt ◽  
J. L. Gowans
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Uridine Uptake ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations ◽  
Two Populations

These experiments show that small lymphocytes from the thoracic duct of rats are normally a mixture of thymus-derived and marrow-derived cells, and define the traffic areas in lymphoid tissues through which the two populations recirculate. Thoracic duct lymphocytes were labeled in vitro with uridine-3H and their histological distribution in the lymphoid tissues of normal recipients was demonstrated by radioautography. Labeled lymphocytes occupied two adjacent areas distinguished by a marked difference in the intensity of labeling; heavily labeled cells were found in thymus-dependent traffic areas of lymphocyte recirculation, while lightly labeled cells localized in the thymus-independent follicular areas around germinal centers. A corresponding heterogeneity of uridine uptake among small lymphocytes from normal donors was demonstrated by sedimentation at 1 g; slowly sedimenting cells incorporated little uridine and localized in follicular areas after transfusion while rapidly sedimenting cells incorporated more uridine and localized in thymus-dependent areas after transfusion. Experimentally prepared marrow-derived small lymphocytes behaved in sedimentation studies and after transfusion like a pure population of the lightly labeled small lymphocytes in normal lymph. Artificially reconstituted mixtures of marrow-derived and thymus-derived lymphocytes were qualitatively indistinguishable from normal lymphocyte populations.

scholarly journals Lymphopoiesis and lymphocyte recirculation in the sheep fetus.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Pearson ◽  
M W Simpson-Morgan ◽  
B Morris
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Sheep Fetus

The production and the circulation of lymphocytes has been examined in the sheep fetus where neither foreign antigen nor immunoglobulins occur. It was found that as the lymphoid organs increased in size during fetal life, the numbers and the output of lymphocytes in the thoracic duct lymph increased. The recirculating pool of lymphocytes was estimated to be 5.5 +/- 1.5 X 10(8) cells in fetal lambs 95-100 days of age, 5.7 +/- 1.2 X 10(9) cells in fetuses 130-135 days of age, and 1.2 +/0 9.3 X 10(10) cells in fetuses near to term. The rate of addition of lymphocytes to the recirculating pool was 3.2 +/- 1.9 X 10(6) cells/h in fetuses of 100 days and 3.4 +/- 0.9 X 10(7) cells/h in fetuses of 130 days of age. Lymphocytes recirculated from blood to lymph in fetuses; labeled cells injected into the blood stream reappeared in the thoracic duct lymph promptly and reached maximum levels around 12-18 h after they were injected. Labeled lymphocytes were detected subsequently in greatest numbers in the lymph nodes, particularly in the mesenteric lymph nodes and in the interfollicular areas of the Peyer's patches. Chronic drainage of thoracic duct lymph from fetuses in utero for periods of up to 36 days had no obvious effects on the growth or development of the fetus and only minimal effects on the content of lymphocytes in the various lymphoid tissues even though the number of cells in the blood and lymph were reduced to between 20-30% of normal levels. Thymectomy done in fetuses about 2 mo befor cannulation of the thoracic duct reduced the output of cells in the thoracic duct to about 25% of normal levels and caused a significant reduction in the content of lymphocytes in the various lymphoid tissues. Thymectomized fetal lambs subjected to thoracic duct drainage for periods up to 2 wk in utero had a similar complement of lymphocytes in their lymphoid tissues to intact thymectomized fetal lambs. Lymphocytes obtained from the thoracic duct lymph of lambs thymectomized 2 mo previously recirculated from blood to lymph when they were injected intravenously, although they did this at a significantly slower rate than did lymphocytes from normal lambs.

scholarly journals Sternberg-Reed Cells in the Thoracic Duct Lymph of Patients with Hodgkin’s Disease

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ENGESET ◽  
I. O. BRENNHOVD ◽  
I. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
S. HAGEN ◽  
K. HØEG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

Abstract Typical Sternberg-Reed cells were found in the thoracic duct lymph in three of four patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease, but in none of the patients were these cells demonstrated in the peripheral blood. The findings are discussed.

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