933: Calcium Oxalate/Calcium Phosphate Association in Kidney Stones

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 309-309
Author(s):  
Saeed R. Khan ◽  
Karen B. Priola ◽  
Patricia A. Glenton
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones

Quantitative Composition of Kidney Stones

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid H Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Phosphate Group ◽  
Quantitative Composition

Abstract The kidney stone season for the Pensacola, Fla., area is shown to extend from May through November. No differences in composition of stones in and out of season could be found. Classification of the calculi into five groups delineates the calcium oxalate and phosphate group as the typical stone. Calcium oxalate is more prominent than calcium phosphate, especially in sizes less than 10 mg.

scholarly journals An in vitro screening potential traditional medicinal plants for nephrolithiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Shirani ◽  
Davood Arjaki ◽  
Soleiman Kheiri ◽  
Elham Bijad ◽  
Sareh Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy

Abstract Background Today, the attention of researchers has been drawn to the use of medicinal plant for the treatment of kidney stones. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of five plants used in traditional medicine on the dissolution of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones. Then, the ability of more effective plants to dissolve stones collected from patients after Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy was investigated. Methods The aerial part of plants were extracted by maceration method. The synthesized stones in laboratory were incubated with different concentrations of the extract. Next, the concentrations of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate were measured by a calcium kit and BT 3000. The effect of the extract with the best activity on the stones collected from the patients was also studied. The composition of clinical stones was determined by colorimetric method. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was determined. Results The highest dissolution of calcium oxalate stones was observed by the G. struthium extract and the highest dissolution of calcium phosphate stones by the A. euchroma and A. officinalis root extracts. The dissolution percentage of clinical stones by the A. euchroma extract was significantly higher than other extract (P < 0.05). The highest TPC was observed in A. euchroma extract (P < 0.05). Conclusion The A. euchroma extract exhibited the greatest dissolution activity on laboratory calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones as well as clinical stones made of high amounts of calcium oxalate. Therefore, the extract can be effective in preventing and treating kidney stones.

scholarly journals Нефролітіаз у корів: діагностика забійних тварин

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Н. С. Канівець
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Serous Fluid ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Ammonium Urate

Мета статті – висвітлити дані стосовно захворювання великої рогатої худоби на нефролітіаз у Полтавській області з урахуванням уже наявних літературних даних щодо поширення вказаної патології. Методика дослідження. У процесі виконання роботи проводили ветеринарно-санітарну експертизу внутрішніх органів (нирок) великої рогатої худоби при забої, виявляли органолептично нефроліти та визначали їх параметри. Результати дослідження. У роботі наведено результати досліджень щодо ураження нирок корів нефролітами. Нефролітіаз був встановлений у п’яти (2,1 %) із 243 голів. Виявлено локалізацію ниркових каменів,  величину, масу  та колір. Елементи наукової новизни. Невеликі камені (пісок) у корів виявлені  в  ниркових чашечках. Практична значущість. З’ясування ролі екологічних та аліментарних факторів у розвитку ниркових каменів у корів заслуговують на увагу. The purpose of the article is to highlight data on bovine nephrolithiasis disease in Poltava region, taking into account the available information on spreading of this pathology. Research methods. In the process of work we conducted veterinary-sanitary expert examination of the internal organs (kidneys) of cattle at slaughtering, organoleptically detected nephroliths and determined their parameters. Research results.  The results of the conducted veterinary-sanitary expert examination revealed stones in the kidneys in five animals, which was about 2.1 % of the total number of slaughtered animals. Uroliths were localized, mainly in the ureter, and less frequently in the calix renalis. Kidney stones were of different sizes from 1 to 14 mm, in some cases, very small stones in the form of sand grains, the so-called renal sand. At the same time, uroliths differed in shape. The some stones were large and solid, others were small and sandy. Externally, they had a smooth or rough (thorny) surface. The color varied from light gray to yellow-gray. The weight of uroliths varied from 2.1 mg (the smallest stones) to 0.98 g (the largest stones). Not rarely, during examining the kidneys, isolated cysts of different sizes were detected, which were filled with light-serous fluid. The analysis of calculus showed its mixed composition (calcium oxalate, magnesium phosphate, calcium phosphate and ammonium urate), which is similar to the results of other researchers and it is coordinated with the hypothesis of the diversity of uroliths’ composition in cattle. The elements of scientific novelty. Small stones (sand) are found in the calix renalis of cows. Practical significance. Clarifying the role of ecological and alimentary factors in the development of kidney stones in cows deserves attention.

scholarly journals The importance of citrates in treatment and prophylaxis of calcium oxalate urinary stones

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Barbera ◽  
Andreas Tsirgiotis ◽  
Mauro Barbera ◽  
Quintino Paola
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stone ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Magnesium Citrate ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject

About 10% of the people is the subject of an episode of kidney stones during their lifetime, about 70% of these people undergoes relapses. About 80% of the urinary stones contains calcium, of wich 80% is formed of calcium oxalate, in pure form or associated with calcium phosphate. Therefore we can saythat in most cases (about 65%) the urinary stones are composedof calcium oxalate. Use of supplements of potassium citrate and magnesium citrate can help in the prevention of kidney stones of calcium oxalate, but mostly they can be used in the days before a shockwaves lithotripsy treatment to make the stones more fragile to the effect of the shock waves. A case of successful treatment with magnesium potassium citrate of a SWL resistant ureteral stone is presented.

Involvement of Cellular Membranes and their Lipids in Nucleation of Stone Forming Crystals

1999 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Khan ◽  
J. M. Fasano ◽  
R. Backov ◽  
D. R. Talham
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Langmuir Monolayers ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Renal Tubules

AbstractMore than 80% of human kidney stones consist of calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate. Human urine is generally metastable with respect to these salts and their nucleation is heterogeneous. Based on: 1. ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of stones in which cellular degradation products and lipids were commonly seen in association with calcific crystals and 2. in vivo studies of nephrolithiasis in rat models where calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals almost always formed and seen in association with cell membranes, we proposed that membranes and their lipids are involved in crystallization of these salts. To test our hypothesis we isolated organic matrix of kidney stones, its lipid contents and membrane vesicles from epithelial cells of rat kidney and incubated them in metastable solution of CaOx. Both membrane vesicles and matrix from the stones supported crystallization of CaOx and crystals formed in association with the membranes. Lipids of the stone matrix appeared better nucleators than whole matrix. Urine spends only minutes within the kidneys thus any nucleation which can lead to stone formation has to occur rapidly. In studies described here, we demonstrate that under specific circumstances relevant to conditions in the kidney, membrane vesicle- supported CaOx crystallization can occur within seconds, demonstrating the possibility of such events happening in the kidneys. We also studied CaOx monohydrate (COM) precipitation at Langmuir monolayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglecerol (DPPG), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS) showed precipitation to be heterogeneous and selective with a majority of crystals orienting with the 101 face of COM facing the monolayer. Our results show that membrane lipids can initiate nucleation of calcium oxalate crystals in solutions similar to those present in the kidneys. In addition these crystals form within the time urine spends inside the renal tubules demonstrating for the first time the likelihood of occurrence of such a phenomenon in the kidneys during stone formation.

INVESTIGATION OF THE ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATION OF KIDNEY STONES BY PIXE ANALYSIS

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ashok ◽  
S. Narayana Kalkura ◽  
V. Vijayan ◽  
P. Magudapathy ◽  
K. G. M. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
South India ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Minor Concentration

Kidney stones collected from different hospitals in Chennai, south India were analyzed by PIXE with 3MeV protons. The matrix was calcium oxalate and mixture of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Light elements present in minor concentration were P, Cl. Trace elements such as V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, Zr & Mo were also present in the stones. Significant amount of Zr was found in one of the samples, Pb and Cd were not present in any of the stones analyzed.

Phytotherapy and Herbal Medicines for Kidney Stones

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Esteban Emiliani ◽  
Adrian Jara ◽  
Andres Koey Kanashiro
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Uric Acid Stones

Background: Kidney stones are one of the oldest known and common diseases in the urinary tract with a prevalence that varies from 1% to 20%. Many phytotherapic and herbal medicines for kidney stones have been described for their treatment and prevention. Objective: The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of several phytotherapic and herbal medicines published including clinical and animal studies. Results: Phytotherapy may influence the risk of recurrence in calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. The most solid evidence suggest that Phyllanthus niruri is one of the most studied components that appear to interfere with the calcium oxalate crystallization, reduced hyperoxaluria and hiperuricosuria and increased shock wave lithotripsy efficacy due to reduced crystallization without significant adverse effects, also Theobromine have shown to reduce the crystallization of uric acid in patients and appears to be a promising supplement to treat such stones. Conclusion: Many phytoterapic and herbal agents have been studies to treat and present urolithiasis, most of them only with studies of small number of patients or in animal models. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effect of these agents in kidney stones.

Calcium oxalate kidney stones, where is the organic matter?: A synchrotron based infrared microspectroscopy study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris H. Valido ◽  
Montserrat Resina‐Gallego ◽  
Ibraheem Yousef ◽  
Maria Pilar Luque‐Gálvez ◽  
Manuel Valiente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Infrared Microspectroscopy

scholarly journals Short-Term Tolvaptan Increases Water Intake and Effectively Decreases Urinary Calcium Oxalate, Calcium Phosphate and Uric Acid Supersaturations

2016 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisit Cheungpasitporn ◽  
Stephen B. Erickson ◽  
Andrew D. Rule ◽  
Felicity Enders ◽  
John C. Lieske
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Short Term

The Relation between the Concentration of Calcium Salts in the Urine and Renal Stone Composition in Patients with Calcium-Containing Renal Stones

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Marshall ◽  
M. Cochran ◽  
W. G. Robertson ◽  
A. Hodgkinson ◽  
B. E. C. Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stones ◽  
Urine Oxalate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Normal Men

1. Diurnal variations in urine calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate activity products were observed in normal men and patients with recurrent calcium oxalate or mixed oxalate—phosphate renal stones. 2. Maximum and minimum calcium oxalate products were higher in the patients than in the controls, the difference being most marked in the patients with calcium oxalate stones. 3. Maximum and minimum calcium phosphate products expressed as octocalcium phosphate [(Ca8H2(PO4)6], brushite or hydroxyapatite, were significantly higher than normal in the patients with mixed stones but not in the patients with calcium oxalate stones. 4. The raised calcium oxalate products in the patients were due mainly to increased concentrations of Ca2+ ions; these, in turn, were due mainly to an increased rate of excretion of calcium. Raised calcium phosphate products were due mainly to hypercalciuria, combined with abnormally high urine pH values. 5. Patients with recurrent calcium stones appear to fall into two types: (1) patients with calcium oxalate stones associated with hypercalciuria, a normal or raised urine oxalate and a normal urine pH; (2) patients with mixed oxalate—phosphate stones associated with hypercalciuria, a normal or raised urine oxalate and a raised urine pH. 6. The implications of these findings in regard to treatment are discussed.

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