Effects of high hydrochloric acid concentration on aniline chemical polymerization

Polymer ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (20) ◽  
pp. 5247-5250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo M. Morales ◽  
Marcos Llusa ◽  
Maria C. Miras ◽  
Cesar Barbero
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Chemical Polymerization

Experimental Study on Concentrating Scandium by Leaching from Associated Scandium Ore

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1033-1036
Author(s):  
Gui Fang Zhang ◽  
Peng Yan ◽  
Qing Rong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Leaching Residue

Based on the benefication of the complex silicate ore containing scandium, the research about aid-leaching agent used in the leaching of the scandium concentrate was been conducted. And the suitable leaching agent and aid-leaching agent which the useful ions entered into leaching liquid and the harmful ions were kept in leaching residue were been found according to the experiment results. For the scandium of sample existed various complex silicate ore as isomorphism form, the research has adopted hydrochloric acid with aid-leaching agent to dissociate the silicate ore and make scandium entering into solution. The research results has shown that the scandium leaching rate could reach 92.06% under the optimal conditions which the hydrochloric acid concentration is 22.8%, the dosage of aid leaching agent is 6%, liquid solid ratio is 4:1, particle size of leaching material totally is less than 0.15mm and leaching time is 8h.

scholarly journals Extraction of Sm(III)and Nd(III) with N,N,N’,N’-tetrabutyl-3-oxy-diglycolamidefrom hydrochloric acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Yang ◽  
Y. Cui ◽  
G.X. Sun ◽  
Y. Nie ◽  
G.M. Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
Extraction Mechanism ◽  
Extraction Behavior ◽  
Loaded Organic Phase

The extraction behavior of Sm(III) and Nd(III) with N,N,N?,N?-tetrabutyl-3-oxa-diglycolamide (TBDGA) in 70% kerosene-30% n-octanol from hydrochloride acid wasstudied. The effect of hydrochloric acid concentration, extractant concentration,and temperature on the distribution of rare earth elementswas investigated. The extraction mechanism was established and the stoichiometry of the main extracted species was confirm to be SmCl3?2TBDGA and NdCl3?2TBDGA for Sm(III) and Nd(III), respectively. The extraction distribution ratio decreases with an increase in temperature, which demonstrates that the extraction reaction is exothermic. The IR spectra of the loaded organic phase and free extractant were recorded and discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrolysis Conditions on Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Extracted from Ramie Fibers by Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusmono Kusmono ◽  
Dimas Abdillah Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions

Abstract Nanocrystalline celluloses (NCCs) were successfully extracted from ramie fibers using chemical pretreatments followed by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. The effects of acid concentration and hydrolysis time on the characteristics of NCCs were investigated in this study. Results showed that the optimal hydrolysis conditions were found to be 6 M hydrochloric acid concentration at 45 °C for 70 min. The obtained NCC had a rod like-shape with an average of 8.07 nm in diameter, 158.51 nm in length, 22.37 in aspect ratio, 89.61% in the crystallinity index, and 5.81 nm in crystallite size. The higher crystallinity and thermal stability were exhibited by NCCs compared to both raw fibers and chemically purified cellulose. The hydrolysis time had a significant effect on crystallinity and thermal stability. The crystallinity index and thermal stability of NCCs were obtained to decrease with increasing hydrolysis time.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chloride Acid Concentration and Demineralization Time on Gelatin Characteristic of EEL Fish Bones (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) -

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin ◽  
Angriani Abdullah ◽  
Yonelian Yuyun
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata

Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard, eel bonefish is one of the potentials sources for gelatin manufacture. This study aims to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid (3%; 4%) and to optimize demineralization time (12 hours; 24 hours) for thequality of gelatin. Characteristic of gelatin was determined by analysis of water content, ash content and protein content. To optimize gelatin extraction from eel fish bone, Mann Whitney test with 4 – factor was adopted. Spectrophotometer FTIR was used to analyze functional groups of gelatin. Values of water content, ash and protein content of each combination of acid chloride and demineralization time have met the requirements. The spectrum of FTIR showed a typical gelatin functional group. The best combination of treatment is at 3% hydrochloric acid concentration and 12 hours of demineralization time.

scholarly journals Shrinking core model of demineralization of chitin isolation from shrimp shell

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fadli ◽  
Subkhan Maulana ◽  
Drastinawati
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Core Model ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Shrinking Core Model ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Shrinking Core

Chitin is a naturally abundant polymer and most of it was used as a surfactant and cosmetic raw materials. Chitin be able to derive from natural sources like shrimp shell waste. The aim of this research was to study the kinetic model of chitin demineralization with approach to shrinking core model (SCM) with variation of hydrochloric acid concentration. There models were used: Fluid Film Layer Diffusion, Ash Layer Diffusion and Chemical Reaction. It was began with deproteination at first with NaOH 3,5 % and continued with demineralization using hydrochloric acid at concentration 0,3 N; 0,6 N; 0,9 N and 1,2 N with variation of reaction time at 15, 30 and 15 minute. The calcium content in the product was analyzed after it was dried in the air oven. The results showed calcium concentration decrease along with increasing of hydrochloric acid concentration. It get kinetic model at concentration 0,3 N of hydrochloric acid usage with form: [see formula in PDF] with the highest value of R2 is 0,9555 and the smallest percentage error is 5,92%. Meanwhile with usage of hydrochloric acid at concentration 0,6 N; 0,9 N and 1,2 N were get kinetic model with form: [see formula in PDF] with the highest value of R2 is 0,9794.

Effect of Ultrasound on Acid-Alcohol Treated Hydrolysis of Starch

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 1330-1333
Author(s):  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Zhi Hua Zhang ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fat Substitutes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Temperature Time

Excessive intake of fat will damage human health seriously, and it can also cause obesity, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. So low fat foods gradually become highly widespread. As a result, fat substitutes are focused, which have the same physical and sensory properties as fat, and can be used in place of fat in many cases. In this work, fat substitute was prepared by acid-alcohol treated hydrolysis of corn starch with and without ultrasound. Some factors affecting the DE of starch hydrolysate were investigated by experiments with and without ultrasound, including reaction temperature, time, ethanol concentration, and hydrochloric acid concentration. Enhancements of the hydrolysis by ultrasound was observed.The results showed that the DE increased with the rise of reaction temperature, time and hydrochloric acid concentration. However, it decreased as the increase of alcohol concentration. Ultrasound can accelerate the hydrolysis evidently, and increased the DE by at least 22.22%.

Extraction of Heavy Metals from the Ash Using Hydrochloric Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 277-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Xian Ma ◽  
Hai Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Removal Ratio

This study aims to develop a methodology for analysis of extraction of heavy metals from air pollution control (APC) ash using hydrochloric acid. In this work, the ash was firstly characterized and then hydrochloric acid was used to extract Ni, Zn, Pb and Cu out from the ash. In addition, influence of hydrochloric acid concentration on removal ratio of the four heavy metals was studied. It was found that removal ratio followed the decreasing sequence of Pb > Zn > Cd > Cu for acid extraction using hydrochloric acid. The optimal acid concentration was 4 mol/L, which resulted in a removal ratio of 91% for Pb, 84% for Zn, around 53% for Cd and around 41% for Cu.

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