Soil microbial activities and characteristics of dissolved organic C and N in relation to tree species

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aino Smolander ◽  
Veikko Kitunen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Dissolved Organic C ◽  
C And N

scholarly journals Metagenomic reconstruction of nitrogen and carbon cycling pathways in forest soil: Influence by different hardwood tree species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene N. Kelly ◽  
Geoffrey W. Schwaner ◽  
Jonathan R. Cumming ◽  
Timothy P. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
C And N ◽  
Hardwood Tree

AbstractThe soil microbiome plays an essential role in processing and storage of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), and is influenced by vegetation above-ground through imparted differences in chemistry, structure, mass of plant litter, root physiology, and dominant mycorrhizal associations. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to quantify the abundance and distribution of gene families involved in soil microbial N and C cycling beneath three deciduous hardwood tree species: ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-associated Quercus rubra (red oak), ECM-associated Castanea dentata (American chestnut), and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-associated Prunus serotina (black cherry). Chestnut exhibited the most distinct soil microbiome of the three species, both functionally and taxonomically, with a general suppression of functional genes in the nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate reduction pathways. These changes were related to low inorganic N availability in chestnut stands as soil was modified by poor, low-N litter quality relative to red oak and black cherry soils.IMPORTANCEPrevious studies have used field biogeochemical process rates, isotopic tracing, and targeted gene abundance measurements to study the influence of tree species on ecosystem N and C dynamics. However, these approaches do not enable a comprehensive systems-level understanding of the relationship between microbial diversity and metabolism of N and C below-ground. We analyzed microbial metagenomes from soils beneath red oak, American chestnut, and black cherry stands and showed that tree species can mediate the abundance of key microbial genes involved in N and (to a lesser extent) C metabolism pathways in soil. Our results highlight the genetic framework underlying tree species’ control over soil microbial communities, and below-ground C and N metabolism, and may enable land managers to select tree species to maximize C and N storage in soils.

Management of sugarcane harvest residues: consequences for soil carbon and nitrogen

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona A. Robertson ◽  
Peter J. Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
C And N

The Australian sugar industry is moving away from the practice of burning the crop before harvest to a system of green cane trash blanketing (GCTB). Since the residues that would have been lost in the fire are returned to the soil, nutrients and organic matter may be accumulating under trash blanketing. There is a need to know if this is the case, to better manage fertiliser inputs and maintain soil fertility. The objective of this work was to determine whether conversion from a burning to a GCTB trash management system is likely to affect soil fertility in terms of C and N. Indicators of short- and long-term soil C and N cycling were measured in 5 field experiments in contrasting climatic conditions. The effects of GCTB varied among experiments. Experiments that had been running for 1–2 years (Harwood) showed no significant trash management effects. In experiments that had been running for 3–6 years (Mackay and Tully), soil organic C and total N were up to 21% greater under trash blanketing than under burning, to 0.10 or 0.25 m depth (most of this effect being in the top 50 mm). Soil microbial activity (CO2 production) and soil microbial biomass also increased under GCTB, presumably as a consequence of the improved C availability. Most of the trash C was respired by the microbial biomass and lost from the system as CO2. The stimulation of microbial activity in these relatively short-term GCTB systems was not accompanied by increased net mineralisation of soil N, probably because of the greatly increased net immobilisation of N. It was calculated that, with standard fertiliser applications, the entire trash blanket could be decomposed without compromising the supply of N to the crop. Calculations of possible long-term effects of converting from a burnt to a GCTB production system suggested that, at the sites studied, soil organic C could increase by 8–15%, total soil N could increase by 9–24%, and inorganic soil N could increase by 37 kg/ha.year, and that it would take 20–30 years for the soils to approach this new equilibrium. The results suggest that fertiliser N application should not be reduced in the first 6 years after adoption of GCTB, but small reductions may be possible in the longer term (>15 years).

The relationships between microbiological attributes and soil and litter quality in pure and mixed stands of native tree species in southeastern Bahia, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 887-895
Author(s):  
Emanuela F. Gama-Rodrigues ◽  
Antonio Carlos Gama-Rodrigues ◽  
Nairam F. Barros ◽  
Maria Kellen S. Moço
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
C And N ◽  
Native Tree Species

This study was conducted to link soil and litter microbial biomass and activity with soil and litter quality in the surface layer for different pure and mixed stands of native tree species in southeastern Bahia, Brazil. The purpose of the study was to see how strongly the differences among species and stands affect the microbiological attributes of the soil and to identify how microbial processes can be influenced by soil and litter quality. Soil and litter samples were collected from six pure and mixed stands of six hardwood species ( Peltogyne angustifolia , Centrolobium robustum , Arapatiella psilophylla , Sclerolobium chrysophyllum , Cordia trichotoma , Macrolobium latifolium ) native to the southeastern region of Bahia, Brazil. In plantations of native tree species in humid tropical regions, the immobilization efficiency of C and N by soil microbial biomass was strongly related to the chemical quality of the litter and to the organic matter quality of the soil. According to the variables analyzed, the mixed stand was similar to the natural forest and dissimilar to the pure stands. Litter microbial biomass represented a greater sink of C and N than soil microbial biomass and is an important contributor of resources to tropical soils having low C and N availability.

scholarly journals Response of Soil C and N, Dissolved Organic C and N, and Inorganic N to Short-Term Experimental Warming in an Alpine Meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Qun Yu ◽  
Zhen-Xi Shen ◽  
Xian-Zhou Zhang ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Gang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Dissolved Organic C ◽  
Short Period ◽  
C And N

Although alpine meadows of Tibet are expected to be strongly affected by climatic warming, it remains unclear how soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), ammonium N(NH4+-N), nitrate N(NO3+-N), and dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) respond to warming. This study aims to investigate the responses of these C and N pools to short-term experimental warming in an alpine meadow of Tibet. A warming experiment using open top chambers was conducted in an alpine meadow at three elevations (i.e., a low (4313 m), mid-(4513 m), and high (4693 m) elevation) in May 2010. Topsoil (0–20 cm depth) samples were collected in July–September 2011. Experimental warming increased soil temperature by ~1–1.4°C but decreased soil moisture by ~0.04 m3m−3. Experimental warming had little effects on SOC, TN, DOC, and DON, which may be related to lower warming magnitude, the short period of warming treatment, and experimental warming-induced soil drying by decreasing soil microbial activity. Experimental warming decreased significantly inorganic N at the two lower elevations,but had negligible effect at the high elevation. Our findings suggested that the effects of short-term experimental warming on SOC, TN and dissolved organic matter were insignificant, only affecting inorganic forms.

Vertical transport of dissolved organic C and N under long-term N amendments in pine and hardwood forests

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Currie ◽  
John D. Aber ◽  
William H. McDowell ◽  
Richard D. Boone ◽  
Alison H. Magill
Keyword(s):  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Dissolved Organic C ◽  
C And N

Spectral analysis of coniferous foliage and possible links to soil chemistry: Are spectral chlorophyll indices related to forest floor dissolved organic C and N?

2008 ◽  
Vol 404 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Albrechtova ◽  
Zdeněk Seidl ◽  
Jacqueline Aitkenhead-Peterson ◽  
Zuzana Lhotáková ◽  
Barrett N. Rock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Dissolved Organic C ◽  
C And N

Effects of conservation tillage farming on soil microbial biomass, organic matter and earthworm populations, in north-eastern Victoria

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Haines ◽  
NC Uren
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
C And N ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Earthworm Populations

A long-term field experiment was set up in 1981 in north-eastern Victoria to determine the effects of conservation tillage farming on agronomic and soil properties. Conventional cultivation was compared with direct drilling, and stubbles retained from the previous crop were compared with burning under direct drilling. Wheat was grown continuously over the 7 years of the experiment. Organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), soil microbial biomass and earthworm populations were measured. When samples were taken incrementally down the soil profile, there was a significant concentration gradient of organic matter under direct drilling. In the surface 2.5 cm, biomass C and N, and N mineralisation were 35, 30 and 62% greater, respectively, than under conventional cultivation. Direct drilling into retained stubble did not significantly increase organic C or total N. Of the estimated 7.8 t C/ha added to the soil from conserved crop stubbles, 4% was retained in the top 7.5 cm at the time of sampling. Organic C, total N and biomass C and N decreased with depth in both treatments. Microbial biomass varied considerably with season. The biomass of earthworms in the top 10 cm, under direct drilling, was more than twice that of conventional cultivation, while total worm numbers increased significantly (P<0.05), from 123 to 275/m2, when wheat stubble was retained with direct drilling compared to stubble burning.

Impact of a pine lappet (Dendrolimus pini) mass outbreak on C and N fluxes to the forest floor and soil microbial properties in a Scots pine forest in Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1829-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne le Mellec ◽  
Beate Michalzik
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties

Herbivorous insect infestations significantly alter element and nutrient cycling in forests, thus directly and indirectly affecting ecosystem functioning. In this paper, we report on the herbivore-mediated transfer of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from the canopy to the forest floor and its influence on soil microbial activity during a pine lappet ( Dendrolimus pini L.) infestation. Over the course of 6 months, we followed C and N fluxes in bulk deposition, throughfall, and green fall (green needle debris dropped during herbivory) together with solid frass (insect faeces) in an 80-year-old Scots pine ( Pinus silvestris L.) forest. Compared with the control, herbivore defoliation significantly doubled throughfall inputs of total and dissolved organic C and N over the study period. Frass plus green-fall C and N fluxes peaked in June–July at 110 kg C·ha–1 and 2.3 kg N·ha–1, respectively. Randomized intervention analysis revealed no significant effects of herbivory on soil microbial properties, except for adenylate energy charge, which showed slightly higher values under herbivory. This study demonstrates the importance of canopy herbivory on overall C and N inputs to forest ecosystems, particularly in altering the timing and quality of the organic material reaching the forest floor and potentially affecting belowground processes.

scholarly journals Grass–legume intercropping in integrated crop-livestock systems: a strategy to improve soil quality and soybean yield in the Brazilian Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana M. A. S. Moraes ◽  
Luiz Gustavo de O. Denardin ◽  
Gabriela C. Pires ◽  
Evelyn C. Gonçalves ◽  
Laércio S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
C And N ◽  
Livestock Systems

Abstract Aims The integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) under no-tillage improves soil fertility of the Brazilian Cerrado. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different grass-legume intercropping compared to single grass cultivation in the off-season of an ICLS on (i) soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, (ii) soil microbial biomass and activity, (iii) soil enzymatic activity, and (iv) soybean grain yield in succession. Methods The field study was conducted in an on-farm experiment in 2016/17 and 2017/18 cropping seasons. The soybean was cultivated in the summer season, with the subsequent treatments in the off-season, using two grasses (Urochloa ruziziensis and U. brizantha), single or intercropped with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) or Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). We evaluated soil organic C and N pools, microbial biomass and activity, enzyme activity, and soybean yield. Results Cowpea intercropping yielded 24% more soybeans than grasses single cropped. There was a higher microbial biomass and activity, and enzymatic activity in the soil under grass-legume intercropping. In addition to the lower basal respiration and microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2), the greater microbial quotient (qMIC) and microbial biomass C indicate a higher soil microbial C utilization efficiency under grass-legume intercropping. The soil total organic C and N stocks increased under Pigeon pea intercropping by 16% and 27%, respectively, compared to single grasses. Conclusions Grass-legume intercropping in the pasture phase of ICLS is an additional tool to maximize soybean yields in the short term. The intercropping effects on soybean yield were directly related to soil quality improvements through soil biological and biochemical properties.

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