Basic Physical Constants* *The accuracy of the values of these constants is indicated by the number of significant figures quoted: all errors are in the last significant figure only. Note that the universal gravitational constant and the Stefan–Boltzmann constant are the least reliably known, and the speed of light in a vacuum is the best known.

2004 ◽  
pp. 634
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Boltzmann Constant ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Significant Figure ◽  
Significant Figures

scholarly journals PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND THE GURZADYAN–XUE FORMULA FOR THE DARK ENERGY

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (09) ◽  
pp. 729-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. VERESHCHAGIN
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Dark Energy Density ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cosmological Context

We consider cosmological implications of the formula for the dark energy density derived by Gurzadyan and Xue1,2 which predicts a value fitting the observational one. Cosmological models with varying by time physical constants, namely, speed of light and gravitational constant and/or their combinations, are considered. In one of the models, for example, vacuum energy density induces effective negative curvature, while another one has an unusual asymptotic. This analysis also explicitly rises the issue of the meaning and content of physical units and constants in cosmological context.

scholarly journals Study of gravitational constant and mercury's precession from perspective of physical aesthetics and ideal fluid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Gang Li ◽  
Cheng-Shu Li
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Ideal Fluid ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
G Value ◽  
The Masses ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Einstein’S General Relativity

Newton's law of universal gravitation does not explain the Mercury's orbit anomalous precession, and the gravitational constant G values measured by different research teams do not coincide. This paper studied the two problems from a physical aesthetics and ideal fluid perspective, and derived a new formula for calculating the exact G value by using the speed of light in vacuum, including formulas for error correction, and verified by experimental results of other scientists. After being corrected, the G values measured by some famous surveyors approximately coincide with a specific value. The formulas also verified by the precession of Mercury's orbit and contribute an additional 35.94"/cy to the theoretical calculation value, the Mercury's anomalous precession, calculated by Le Verrier, is then reduced from 38"/cy to about 2"/cy. This provides another explanation for Mercury's anomalous precession which is completely different from that of Einstein's general relativity. Conclusion is that G equals 1/(16πc) when the masses are mass points and the Mercury's orbit anomalous precession equals 43"/cy should not be the evidence for prove Einstein's general relativity is correct. Further, this paper also presented an experimental plan for the space agency to verify who is right.

Newton's gravitational constant

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. 1983-1984
Author(s):  
Gerald Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Gravitational Theory ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Desirable Feature

The formula for Newton's gravitational constant [Formula: see text] follows from a previous conjecture by the author regarding quantized gravitational theory and the size of elementary particles. It is observed that this formula does not conflict with geophysical and astrophysical evidence. Moreover, this formula for Newton's gravitational constant has the desirable feature of exhibiting no dependence on the speed of light.

scholarly journals ТАХІОННА ЕНЕРГІЯ В КВАНТОВО-ГРАВІТАЦІЙНОМУ ВІДОБРАЖЕННІ

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Николай Григорьевич Толмачев ◽  
Виктор Иванович Рябков
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Boltzmann Constant ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Quantum Energy ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Kinetic And Potential Energies

The article presents a mapping of tachyon energy in the form of quantum-energy interaction of baryon and tachyon quanta on the basis of the quantum-gravitational approach. A baryon quantum means a portion of the already known baryonic substance with the interaction transmission rates equal to or less than the speed of light, and under a tachyon quantum means a portion of a previously not observed substance – the "dark" mass with interaction rates greater than the speed of light. On the basis of such assumptions, and also with the use of the basic laws of classical mechanics and the first two principles of thermodynamics, quantum-energy models have been developed in the work that allowed all the physical parameters of micro- and nanoparticles, such as masses, densities and temperatures, interaction transmission rates etc. to be represented in a form of their energy equivalents: Екб, Епб, Ект, Епт, ΔЕб and ΔЕт. With the help of such models it has been established the following:– the tachyon quantum actually possesses all the signs of matter, that is, it has mass, density, and all other physical parameters;– regarding the energy properties, that is, the kinetic and potential energies, the tachyon quantum exceeds the baryonic quantum by about 70 ± 100 orders of magnitude, that is, it has colossal energy, which is usually called as tachyon energy.The proof of the proper use of quantum-energy models for estimating the parameters of tachyon energy carriers in this paper was done in the way of comparing the values of known physical constants (normal pressure, normal temperature, normal molar volume, Loschmidt number, Boltzmann constant, Stefan-Boltzmann constant and universal gas constant) with their numerical values, obtained experimentally by different researchers at different times.This opens up opportunities for a comprehensive study of the properties and particles of the "dark" mass and its energy capabilities.

scholarly journals MOND and natural scales of distance and mass

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (37) ◽  
pp. 1950306
Author(s):  
Piotr Żenczykowski
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
Related Approach ◽  
The Universe

We describe a MOND-related approach to natural scales of distance and mass, viewing it as a logical step following Planck’s modification of the Stoney system of units. The MOND-induced scales are not based on the strength of any physical interaction (electromagnetic, gravitational, or otherwise). Instead, they are specified by three physical constants of a general nature that define the scales of action, speed, and acceleration, i.e. [Formula: see text] — the Planck constant, [Formula: see text] — the speed of light and [Formula: see text] — the MOND acceleration constant. When the gravitational constant [Formula: see text] is added, two further distance scales (apart from the size of the Universe) appear: the Planck scale and a nanometer scale that fits the typical borderline between the classical and the quantum descriptions.

scholarly journals Renormalizable Gravitational Action That Reduces to General Relativity on the Mass-Shell

Galaxies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Peter Morley
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Scalar Curvature ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Mass Shell ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Gravitational Action ◽  
The Standard Model

We derive the equation that relates gravity to quantum mechanics: R|mass-shell=8πGc4LSM, where R is the scalar curvature, G is the gravitational constant, c is the speed of light and LSM is the Standard Model Lagrangian, or its future replacement. Implications of this equation are discussed in the paper. In particular, we show (in the last section) that this equation is the transformation that relates four-dimensional physics to two-dimensional physics.

scholarly journals Gravity without Newton's Gravitational Constant and No Knowledge of Mass Size

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Gaarder Haug
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Universal Constant ◽  
Einstein Gravity ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Planck Length ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Schwarzschild Radius

In this paper we show that the Schwarzschild radius can be extracted easily from any gravitationally-linked phenomena without having knowledge of the Newton gravitational constant or the mass size of the gravitational object. Further, the Schwarzschild radius can be used to predict any gravity phenomena accurately, again without knowledge of the Newton gravitational constant and also without knowledge of the size of the mass, although this may seem surprising at first. Hidden within the Schwarzschild radius are the mass of the gravitational object, the Planck mass (their relative mass), and the Planck length. We do not claim to have all the answers, but this seems to indicate that gravity is quantized, even at a cosmological scale, and this quantization is directly linked to the Planck units. This also supports our view that the Newton gravitational constant is a universal composite constant of the form G = l p 2 c 3 ℏ , rather than relying on the Planck units as a function of G. This does not mean that Newton’s gravitational constant is not a universal constant, but that it is instead a composite universal constant that depends on the Planck length, the speed of light, and the Planck constant. Further, G × 1   weight  unit c 2 = G c 2 is the Schwarzschild radius off one weight unit. So G is only needed when we want to use gravity to find the weight of an object, such as weighing the Earth. This is, to our knowledge, the first paper that shows how a long series of major gravity predictions and measurements can be completed without any knowledge of the mass size of the object, or Newton’s gravitational constant. As a minimum we think it provides an interesting new angle for evaluating existing gravity theories, and it may even give us a small hint on how to combine quantum gravity with Newton and Einstein gravity.

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