[19] Expression of E1 protein of human papillomaviruses in eukaryotic cells

1999 ◽  
pp. 328-336
Author(s):  
Saleem A Khan ◽  
Saifuddin Sheikh ◽  
Laura Sheahan ◽  
Gerald Van Horn ◽  
Vidya Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
E1 Protein

scholarly journals Brd4 Is Required for E2-Mediated Transcriptional Activation but Not Genome Partitioning of All Papillomaviruses

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (19) ◽  
pp. 9530-9543 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. McPhillips ◽  
J. G. Oliveira ◽  
J. E. Spindler ◽  
R. Mitra ◽  
A. A. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Bovine Papillomavirus ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
E1 Protein ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Bromodomain protein 4 (Brd4) has been identified as the cellular binding target through which the E2 protein of bovine papillomavirus type 1 links the viral genome to mitotic chromosomes. This tethering ensures retention and efficient partitioning of genomes to daughter cells following cell division. E2 is also a regulator of viral gene expression and a replication factor, in association with the viral E1 protein. In this study, we show that E2 proteins from a wide range of papillomaviruses interact with Brd4, albeit with variations in efficiency. Moreover, disruption of the E2-Brd4 interaction abrogates the transactivation function of E2, indicating that Brd4 is required for E2-mediated transactivation of all papillomaviruses. However, the interaction of E2 and Brd4 is not required for genome partitioning of all papillomaviruses since a number of papillomavirus E2 proteins associate with mitotic chromosomes independently of Brd4 binding. Furthermore, mutations in E2 that disrupt the interaction with Brd4 do not affect the ability of these E2s to associate with chromosomes. Thus, while all papillomaviruses attach their genomes to cellular chromosomes to facilitate genome segregation, they target different cellular binding partners. In summary, the E2 proteins from many papillomaviruses, including the clinically important alpha genus human papillomaviruses, interact with Brd4 to mediate transcriptional activation function but not all depend on this interaction to efficiently associate with mitotic chromosomes.

High resolution spot scan imaging of frozen, hydrated actin bundles with 400kV electrons

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
J. Jakana ◽  
M.F. Schmid ◽  
P. Matsudaira ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Actin Bundle ◽  
Actin Bundles ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Macromolecular Assembly

Actin is a protein found in all eukaryotic cells. In its polymerized form, the cells use it for motility, cytokinesis and for cytoskeletal support. An example of this latter class is the actin bundle in the acrosomal process from the Limulus sperm. The different functions actin performs seem to arise from its interaction with the actin binding proteins. A 3-dimensional structure of this macromolecular assembly is essential to provide a structural basis for understanding this interaction in relationship to its development and functions.

Structure of clathrin cages and coats in ice

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
G.P.A. Vigers ◽  
R.A. Crowther ◽  
B.M.F. Pearse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Coated Vesicles ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Clathrin Heavy Chain ◽  
Membrane Components

Clathrin forms the polyhedral cage of coated vesicles, which mediate the transfer of selected membrane components within eukaryotic cells. Clathrin cages and coated vesicles have been extensively studied by electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations and shadowed specimens. From these studies the gross morphology of the outer part of the polyhedral coat has been established and some features of the packing of clathrin trimers into the coat have also been described. However these previous studies have not revealed any internal details about the position of the terminal domain of the clathrin heavy chain, the location of the 100kd-50kd accessory coat proteins or the interactions of the coat with the enclosed membrane.

The Hierarchic Order of Intermediate Filament Structure and Assembly

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 722-725
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
E.C. Glavaris ◽  
R. Eichner
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Cdna Sequencing ◽  
Filament Structure ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
Immunological Crossreactivity

Five different classes of intermediate-sized filaments (IFs) have been identified in differentiated eukaryotic cells: vimentin in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, neurofilaments in nerve cells, glial filaments in glial cells and keratin filaments in epithelial cells. Despite their tissue specificity, all IFs share several common attributes, including immunological crossreactivity, similar morphology (e.g. about 10 nm diameter - hence ‘10-nm filaments’) and the ability to reassemble in vitro from denatured subunits into filaments virtually indistinguishable from those observed in vivo. Further more, despite their proteinchemical heterogeneity (their MWs range from 40 kDa to 200 kDa and their isoelectric points from about 5 to 8), protein and cDNA sequencing of several IF polypeptides (for refs, see 1,2) have provided the framework for a common structural model of all IF subunits.

Comparative Evaluation of the HPV28 Detection and HPV DNA Chip Test for Detecting and Genotyping Human Papillomaviruses

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunsim Shin ◽  
Heojin Bae ◽  
Wan-Keun Song ◽  
Sun-Kyung Jung ◽  
Yoo-Sung Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Dna Chip ◽  
Hpv Dna

Papillomavirus infection and reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Vladislav I. Krasnopolsky ◽  
Nina V. Zarochentseva ◽  
Ksenia V. Krasnopolskaya ◽  
Yulia N. Bashankaeva ◽  
Varvara S. Kuzmicheva
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Trophoblastic Cells ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of the review a synthesis of research data on the role of human papillomavirus infection in the reproductive health of women and men. Key Points. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, HPV is the main cause of the development of HPV-associated diseases among both women and men. Viruses are subdivided into HPV with low carcinogenic risk, which cause benign warts, and HPV with high carcinogenic risk, which cause cancer. Different types of human papillomaviruses depending on their characteristic tropism, are divided into skin and mucous types. Viral infection in men leads to a decrease in the quality of sperm (for example, asthenozoospermia) due to apoptosis in sperm cells and due to the development of antisperm immunity. A negative viral effect on the fertility of women is manifested in an increase in the frequency of spontaneous miscarriages and a premature rupture of the amniotic membranes during pregnancy. There is evidence that HPV decreases the number of trophoblastic cells and abnormal trophoblastic-endometrial adhesion is also observed. In trophoblastic cells transfected with high-risk HPV, the level of apoptosis increases. HPV vaccination is safe, and the results show not only protection against HPV-associated diseases in women and men, but also a reduction of gestational complications, reduced preterm birth rates and the protection of newborns from infection.

Comparison of Co-Presence of Epstein-Barr Virus and High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Colorectal Cancers in the Middle East Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Nagi ◽  
Ishita Gupta ◽  
Hamda A Al-Thawadi ◽  
Ayesha Jabeen ◽  
Mohammed I. Malk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Colorectal Cancers ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Invasive Carcinomas ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Background: Several studies have shown the presence of onco viral DNA in colorectal tumor tissues. Viral infection by onco-viruses such as Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are well-known to be involved in the onset and/or progression of numerous human carcinomas. Methods: We explored the co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in a cohort of colorectal cancer samples from Lebanon (94) and Syria (102) by PCR, immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. Results: The results of the study point out that 54% of colorectal cancer cases in Syria are positive for high-risk HPVs, while 30% of the cases in Lebanon are positive for these viruses; the most frequent high-risk HPV types in these populations are 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35. Analysis of LMP1 showed similar results in both populations; 36% of Syrian and 31% of Lebanese samples. Additionally, we report that EBV and high-risk HPVs are co-present in these samples. In Syrian samples, EBV and HPVs are co-present in 16% of the population, however, in the Lebanese samples, 20% of the cases are positive for both EBV and HPVs; their co-presence is associated with high/intermediate grade invasive carcinomas. Conclusion: These data suggest that EBV and high-risk HPVs are co-present in human colorectal cancers where they can cooperate in the progression of these cancers. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to elucidate the role of those oncoviruses in the development of human colorectal carcinomas.

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