Measurement of a time-weighted average concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater: An improved procedure of blue rayon hanging technique for monitoring benzo(a)pyrene

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kira ◽  
Y. Nogami ◽  
T. Ito ◽  
H. Hayatsu
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Time Weighted Average ◽  
Blue Rayon

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of organic pollutants in the air of the city of Astana using solid phase microextraction

2017 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Dina Orazbayeva ◽  
Ulzhalgas Karatayeva ◽  
Kulzhan Beysembayeva ◽  
Kulyash Meyramkulova
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
The City

Solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and for identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air of the city of Astana, Kazakhstan. The screening of the samples showed the presence of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, phenols, and benzaldehydes. The concentrations of naphthalene were 5-7 times higher than the permissible value, it was detected in all studied air samples. Average concentration of naphthalene was 18.4 μg/m3, acenaphthylene – 0.54 μg/m3, acenaphthene – 1.63 μg/m3, fluorene – 0.79 μg/m3, anthracene – 3.27 μg/m3, phenanthrene – 0.22 μg/m3, fluorantene – 0.74 μg/m3, pyrene – 0.73 μg/m3. Average concentrations of BTEX in the studied samples were 31.1, 84.9, 10.8 and 11.6 μg/m3, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the concentrations of BTEX and PAH, the main source of city air pollution with them was assumed to be vehicle emissions.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Concentrations and Sources of Atmospheric PM, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Kanazawa, Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuichi Hayakawa ◽  
Ning Tang ◽  
Wanli Xing ◽  
Pham Kim Oanh ◽  
Akinori Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

PM2.5 and PM>2.5 were separately collected in Kanazawa, Japan in every season from the spring of 2017 to the winter of 2018, and nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and six nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) were determined by HPLC with fluorescence and chemiluminescence detections, respectively. Atmospheric concentrations of both PAHs and NPAHs showed seasonal changes (highest in the winter and lowest in the summer), which were different from the variations of TSP and PM2.5 (highest in the spring). Contributions of major sources to combustion-derived particulate (Pc) in PM2.5 were calculated by the NP-method using pyrene and 1-nitropyrene as representative markers of PAHs and NPAHs, respectively. The annual average concentration of Pc accounted for only 2.1% of PM2.5, but showed the same seasonal variation as PAHs. The sources of Pc were automobiles (31%) and coal heating facilities/industries (69%). The source of Pyr was almost entirely coal heating facilities/industries (98%). A backward trajectory analysis showed that automobile-derived Pc was mainly from Kanazawa and its surroundings and that coal heating facilities-derived Pc was transported from city areas in central and northern China in the winter and during the Asian dust event in the spring. These results show that large amounts of PAHs were long-range transported from China in the winter. Even in spring when the coal heating season was over in China, PAHs came over to Japan after Asian dust storms passed through Chinese city areas. The main contributor of NPAHs was automobiles in Kanazawa and its surroundings. The recent Pc concentrations were much lower than those in 1999. This decrease was mostly attributed to the decrease in the contribution of automobiles. Thus, changes of atmospheric concentrations of Pc, PAHs and NPAHs in Kanazawa were strongly affected not only by the local emissions but also long-range transport from China.

scholarly journals GAS–PARTICLE PARTITIONING OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - PAHs IN AMBIENT AIR IN HOCHIMINH CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4C) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nguyen Doan Thien Chi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration

This research conducted an analysis of 14 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in gas and particle-phase in ambient air in Hochiminh City to investigate their occurence and the gas/particle distribution. Gas and particle samples were collected from June to August 2015 in Hochiminh City and PAHs were treated and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FLD). Results showed that average concentration of 14 PAHs were from 6.4 to 29.8 ng/m3 and from 50.7 to 133 ng/m3 in particle-phase and in gas-phase, respectively. The concentration of PAHs in the gas-phase accounted for more than 80% of total PAHs concentration in which low molecular weight PAHs as the dominant PAHs. Meanwhile, high molecular weight PAHs distributed mainly in particle-phase. The particle-phase fraction Φ was obtained to understand the partitioning.

scholarly journals Presence and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and organisms from Tampamachoco coastal lagoon and Tuxpan River, Veracruz; México.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso V. Botello ◽  
Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez ◽  
Susana Villanueva F.
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Estuarine Lagoon ◽  
Persistent Organic Compounds ◽  
Caranx Hippos ◽  
Total Concentrations

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties and their main origin in the environment is the burning of fossil fuels and organic material and they are considered high priority Persistent Organic Compounds (POPs). In the present study (March and August 2018) the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs were analyzed in sediments and organisms (fish and oysters) in the estuarine-lagoon system Tuxpan-Tampamachoco, Veracruz; Mexico.The analysis of these compounds was carried out by means of gas chromatography-FID and mass spectrometry. In March (dry season) the average concentration of PAHs in sediments was 0.86 ± 0.39 μg/g and in August (rainy season) it was 1.14 ± 0.45 μg/g. During both collections, chrysene presented the highest total concentrations and a domain of the compounds with 4 benzene rings was observed, therefore, pyrolytic sources of contribution predominated. The highest concentrations of PAHs occurred in 2 stations located in the Tuxpan riverbed and both exceeded the threshold concentration to cause adverse effects to the benthic community.The analysis of PAHs in organism tissues was carried out in 4 species of fish and one mollusk. In march, the species with the highest concentration was Bagre marinus with 88.87 μg/g and in august it corresponded to the Caranx hippos species with 26.82 μg/g and the compound determined with the highest presence was benzo(b)fluoranthene.Finally, the tendency of accumulation of PAHs in the evaluated matrices was: fish> sediments> mollusks.

scholarly journals Street Dust—Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Saudi Coastal City: Status, Profile, Sources, and Human Health Risk Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Shabbaj ◽  
Mansour Alghamdi ◽  
Mamdouh Khoder
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Street Dust ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust pose a serious problem threatening both the environment and human health. Street dust samples were collected from five different land use patterns (traffic areas TRA, urban area URA, residential areas REA, mixed residential commercial areas MCRA and suburban areas SUA) in Jeddah, a Saudi coastal city, and one in in Hada Al Sham, a rural area (RUA). This study aimed to investigate the status, profile, sources of PAHs and estimate their human health risk. The results revealed an average concentration of total PAHs of 3320 ng/g in street dust of Jeddah and 223 ng/g in RUA dust. PAHs with high molecular weight represented 83.38% of total PAHs in street dust of Jeddah, while the carcinogenic PAH compounds accounted 57.84%. The highest average concentration of total PAHs in street dust of Jeddah was found in TRA (4980 ng/g) and the lowest in REA (1660 ng/g). PAHs ratios indicated that the principal source of PAHs in street dust of Jeddah is pyrogenic, mainly traffic emission. Benzo(a)anthracene/chrysene (BaA/CHR) ratio suggests that PAHs in street dusts of Jeddah come mainly from emission of local sources, while PAHs in RUA might be transported from the surrounding urban areas. The estimated Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) associated with exposure to PAHs in street dusts indicated that both dermal contact and ingestion pathways are major contributed to cancer risk for both children and adults. Based on BaPequivalence concentrations of total PAHs, ILCRIngestion, ILCRdermal and cancer risk values for children and adults exposed to PAHs in street dust of different areas in Jeddah were found between 10−6 and 10−4, indicating potential risk. The sequence of cancer risk was TRA > URA > MCRA > SUA > REA. Only exposure to BaP and DBA compounds had potential risk for both children and adults.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced by electrocautery smoke and the use of personal protective equipment 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Vieira Claudio ◽  
Renata Perfeito Ribeiro ◽  
Júlia Trevisan Martins ◽  
Maria Helena Palucci Marziale ◽  
Maria Cristina Solci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Electrocautery Smoke

ABSTRACT Objective: analyze the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in electrocautery smoke in operating rooms and the use of personal protective equipment by the intraoperative team when exposed to hydrocarbons. Method: exploratory and cross-sectional field research conducted in a surgery center. Gases were collected by a vacuum suction pump from a sample of 50 abdominal surgeries in which an electrocautery was used. A form was applied to identify the use of personal protective equipment. Gases were analyzed using chromatography. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's test were used to treat data. Results: there were 17 (34%) cholecystectomies with an average duration of 136 minutes, while the average time of electrocautery usage was 3.6 minutes. Airborne hydrocarbons were detected in operating rooms in 100% of the surgeries. Naphthalene was detected in 48 (96.0%) surgeries and phenanthrene in 49 (98.0%). The average concentration of these compounds was 0.0061 mg/m3 and a strong correlation (0.761) was found between them. The intraoperative teams did not use respirator masks such as the N95. Conclusion: electrocautery smoke produces gases that are harmful to the health of the intraoperative team, which is a concern considering the low adherence to the use of personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals Emission sources, Characteristics and risk assessment of particulate bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from traffic sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balram Ambade ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Mohd Latif
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration ◽  
Total Average

Abstract Atmospheric PM2.5 size particulate-associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed from December 2018 to May 2019 over three traffic sites of Chota Nagpur Plateau (CNP) of India were analyzed to study their temporal and seasonal variations. Over the last few decades, CNP becomes a hotspot of air pollution due to traffic and anthropogenic activities. The PM2.5 concentration was higher than the value given by the National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standard value. The results show the total average concentration of PAHs was found 141.48±22.86, 163.80 ±30.43, and 171.60±26.23 ng/m3 over site (Adityapur) ADP, (Sakchi) SKI, and Mango (MGO), respectively. The PM2.5 total average concentration was found 67.91± 14.04, 79.70± 13.53, and 103.20± 21.77µg/m3 over site ADP, SKI, and MGO, respectively. Diagnostic ratio analysis reveals that the source of PM2.5 associated with PAHs was petrogenic, pyrogenic, coal combustion, and vehicular emission. Backward trajectories model and fire count data were also used for air parcel movement up to height 4500 m above the earth’s surface. The traffic campaign has provided a rare opportunity for the CNP region for the collection of more air pollution baseline data, which could be helpful in the formulation of air pollution reduction policies in the future

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