scholarly journals Presence and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and organisms from Tampamachoco coastal lagoon and Tuxpan River, Veracruz; México.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso V. Botello ◽  
Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez ◽  
Susana Villanueva F.
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Estuarine Lagoon ◽  
Persistent Organic Compounds ◽  
Caranx Hippos ◽  
Total Concentrations

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties and their main origin in the environment is the burning of fossil fuels and organic material and they are considered high priority Persistent Organic Compounds (POPs). In the present study (March and August 2018) the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs were analyzed in sediments and organisms (fish and oysters) in the estuarine-lagoon system Tuxpan-Tampamachoco, Veracruz; Mexico.The analysis of these compounds was carried out by means of gas chromatography-FID and mass spectrometry. In March (dry season) the average concentration of PAHs in sediments was 0.86 ± 0.39 μg/g and in August (rainy season) it was 1.14 ± 0.45 μg/g. During both collections, chrysene presented the highest total concentrations and a domain of the compounds with 4 benzene rings was observed, therefore, pyrolytic sources of contribution predominated. The highest concentrations of PAHs occurred in 2 stations located in the Tuxpan riverbed and both exceeded the threshold concentration to cause adverse effects to the benthic community.The analysis of PAHs in organism tissues was carried out in 4 species of fish and one mollusk. In march, the species with the highest concentration was Bagre marinus with 88.87 μg/g and in august it corresponded to the Caranx hippos species with 26.82 μg/g and the compound determined with the highest presence was benzo(b)fluoranthene.Finally, the tendency of accumulation of PAHs in the evaluated matrices was: fish> sediments> mollusks.

scholarly journals Health hazards from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bound to submicrometer particles in Gliwice (Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 00034
Author(s):  
Barbara Kozielska
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Toxic Equivalent ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Persistent Organic Compounds ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

Even though there is an eminent reduction of emission of pollution, there is still a serious danger to health caused by atmospheric aerosol. Studies show that particles with aerodynamic diameters not greater than 1 μm (PM1) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5) are especially dangerous as they have the ability to easily penetrate into the alveoli and then into the circulatory system. What is more, absorbed on their surface for example persistent organic compounds, among them polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) they have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. The paper presents concentrations polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bound to submicrometer particles (PM1). Samples were collected at the point in southern Poland (Gliwice) with a low volume sampler. Afterwards, they were chemically analysed with a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (Perkin Elmer Clarus 500). The average concentration values of the PAH sum (ΣPAH) and particular PAHs; the percentages of carcinogenic PAHs in total PAHs (ΣPAHcarc/ΣPAH); toxic equivalent (CEQ); mutagenic equivalent (MEQ); TCDD-toxic equivalent (TEQ). Their high values express the significance of health hazard from PM1 and PM1-bound PAH in Silesia Region.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in health exposure to PM-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in selected sport facility

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 00047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kuskowska ◽  
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Sport Facility ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The One

In this paper, for the one selected sport facility in Warsaw in heating and non-heating periods: 1) average concentration of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with respirable fraction of particulate matter (PM4); 2) health hazards from the PM4-bound PAHs; 3) PM4-bound PAHs origin are described. PM samples were collected for 10 days of June and 10 days of November simultaneously inside and outside of the sports hall and next were analysed in term of PAHs content. Obtained results allowed to calculate selected indicators of cumulative exposure to the PAH mixture and the specific diagnostic ratios for individuals compounds from the PAHs group which indicate origin of PAHs. It has been shown that the exposure of sports hall users to PM4-bound PAHs is significantly higher in heating than non-heating season. It also confirm that fossil fuels and biomass combustion in heating period in Warsaw have a strong influence on the level of health exposure to PAH mixture both outdoor and inside of the buildings.

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of organic pollutants in the air of the city of Astana using solid phase microextraction

2017 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Dina Orazbayeva ◽  
Ulzhalgas Karatayeva ◽  
Kulzhan Beysembayeva ◽  
Kulyash Meyramkulova
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
The City

Solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and for identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air of the city of Astana, Kazakhstan. The screening of the samples showed the presence of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, phenols, and benzaldehydes. The concentrations of naphthalene were 5-7 times higher than the permissible value, it was detected in all studied air samples. Average concentration of naphthalene was 18.4 μg/m3, acenaphthylene – 0.54 μg/m3, acenaphthene – 1.63 μg/m3, fluorene – 0.79 μg/m3, anthracene – 3.27 μg/m3, phenanthrene – 0.22 μg/m3, fluorantene – 0.74 μg/m3, pyrene – 0.73 μg/m3. Average concentrations of BTEX in the studied samples were 31.1, 84.9, 10.8 and 11.6 μg/m3, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the concentrations of BTEX and PAH, the main source of city air pollution with them was assumed to be vehicle emissions.

Distribution and source estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments from Seto Inland Sea, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Tsuji ◽  
Waqar Azeem Jadoon ◽  
Yoko Nunome ◽  
Hideo Yamazaki ◽  
Satoshi Asaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Seto Inland Sea ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Osaka Bay ◽  
The Seto Inland Sea ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Total Concentrations

Environmental contextPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic environmental contaminants that tend to migrate into the sediments in oceans and seas. Their vertical distribution in sediments from the Seto Inland Sea matched their emission over time, which in turn reflected changes in energy sources and industrial activities in Japan. This study shows that human activities on land directly and significantly influence the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments. AbstractSeventeen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified in sediment cores collected at several locations in the Seto Inland Sea in 2015 and 2016 to understand their spatial distribution and potential emission sources. PAHs were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The age of the sediment cores was analysed using radioisotopic dating techniques to reconstruct historical PAH emissions. The total concentrations of 17 PAHs in the sediment cores of Osaka Bay in 2015 were in the range of 108–2810ng g−1 dry weight (dw) with a mean concentration of 1050ng g−1 dw. The total concentrations of 17 PAHs in sediment cores from the Seto Inland Sea in 2016 were in the range of 52.6–941ng g−1 dw with a mean concentration of 313ng g−1 dw. The spatial distribution of PAHs showed the highest concentration in Osaka Bay and the lowest in Kii Channel in 2016. The horizontal PAH distribution showed a decreasing trend in concentrations from the estuary offshore to Osaka Bay and Aki-Nada. The vertical PAH distribution revealed that levels were higher before the 1980s–1990s, when oil consumption and industrial activities in the Osaka region reached a maximum in the 20th century. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs and a principal component analysis revealed three main emission sources of PAHs, industry, biomass burning and traffic activities.

scholarly journals Residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Agricultural Soils Adjacent to Historical Sources of Their Storage and Distribution—The Case Study of Azerbaijan

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Karolina Lewińska ◽  
Elton Mammadov ◽  
Anna Karczewska ◽  
Bożena Smreczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total Concentrations

The aim of this study was to identify and examine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil collected from the surroundings of historical pesticide storage facilities on former agricultural aerodromes, warehouses, and pesticide distribution sites located in the most important agricultural regions in Azerbaijan. The conducted research included determination of three groups of POPs (occurring together), in the natural soil environment influenced for many years by abiotic and biotic factors that could have caused their transformations or decomposition. In this study, soil samples were collected in 21 georeferenced points located in the administrative area of Bilasuvar, Saatly, Sabirabad, Salyan and Jalilabad districts of Azerbaijan. Soil chemical analysis involved determination of organochlorine compounds (OCP): hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (three isomers α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (six congeners 2,4′DDT; 4,4′DDT; 2,4′DDE; 4,4′DDE; 2,4′DDE; and 4,4′DDE); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): 16 compounds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency US EPA list and, PCBs (seven congeners identified with the following IUPAC numbers: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180). Our research showed that OCPs reached the highest concentration in the studied areas. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.01 to 21,888 mg∙kg−1 with significantly higher concentrations of Σ6DDTs (0.01 μg kg−1 to 21880 mg kg−1) compared to ΣHCH (0.14 ng kg−1 to 166.72 µg kg−1). The total concentrations of PCBs in the studied soils was varied from 0.02 to 147.30 μg·kg−1 but only PCB138 and PCB180 were detected in all analyzed samples. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs were also strongly diversified throughout the sampling areas and ranged from 0.15 to 16,026 mg kg−1. The obtained results confirmed that the agricultural soils of Azerbaijan contained much lower (up to by three orders of magnitude) concentrations of PCBs and PAHs than DDT. It is supported by the fact that PCBs and PAHs were not directly used by agriculture sector and their content results from secondary sources, such as combustion and various industrial processes. Moreover, the high concentrations of PAHs in studied soils were associated with their location in direct neighborhood of the airport, as well as with accumulation of contaminants from dispersed sources and long range transport. The high concentrations of pesticides confirm that deposition of parent OCPs have occurred from obsolete pesticide landfills.

Effects of Direct Non-Thermal Plasma on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emissions in Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 437 ◽  
pp. 1023-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Dong ◽  
Yi Xi Cai ◽  
Xiao Hua Li ◽  
Fei Jiang ◽  
Wen He Han
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
External Standard Method ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Concentrations

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology has a good application prospect in diesel after-treatment field, but few studies on the effects of NTP on PAHs emissions had been carried out. In this paper, the concentrations of PAHs at different loads before and after the treatment of DNTP were studied, combined the GC/MS analysis with external standard method. The results indicate that total concentrations of PAHs were 149.46, 102.44, 107.34 and139.69μg/m-3 at 25% , 50%, 75%, 100% load, 2000r/min respectively before the treatment of DNTP and reduced to 88.96, 77.31, 88.51 and 138.22μg/m-3 after the treatment of DNTP, with the largest decline up to 40.48%. The main components of PAHs were naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, etc. Before the treatment of DNTP, the concentrations of PAHs decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of load. The average concentrations of PAHs with different rings after the treatment of DNTP were decreased by 21.2%, 22.4%, 20.5% and 6.9%.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Concentrations and Sources of Atmospheric PM, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Kanazawa, Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuichi Hayakawa ◽  
Ning Tang ◽  
Wanli Xing ◽  
Pham Kim Oanh ◽  
Akinori Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

PM2.5 and PM>2.5 were separately collected in Kanazawa, Japan in every season from the spring of 2017 to the winter of 2018, and nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and six nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) were determined by HPLC with fluorescence and chemiluminescence detections, respectively. Atmospheric concentrations of both PAHs and NPAHs showed seasonal changes (highest in the winter and lowest in the summer), which were different from the variations of TSP and PM2.5 (highest in the spring). Contributions of major sources to combustion-derived particulate (Pc) in PM2.5 were calculated by the NP-method using pyrene and 1-nitropyrene as representative markers of PAHs and NPAHs, respectively. The annual average concentration of Pc accounted for only 2.1% of PM2.5, but showed the same seasonal variation as PAHs. The sources of Pc were automobiles (31%) and coal heating facilities/industries (69%). The source of Pyr was almost entirely coal heating facilities/industries (98%). A backward trajectory analysis showed that automobile-derived Pc was mainly from Kanazawa and its surroundings and that coal heating facilities-derived Pc was transported from city areas in central and northern China in the winter and during the Asian dust event in the spring. These results show that large amounts of PAHs were long-range transported from China in the winter. Even in spring when the coal heating season was over in China, PAHs came over to Japan after Asian dust storms passed through Chinese city areas. The main contributor of NPAHs was automobiles in Kanazawa and its surroundings. The recent Pc concentrations were much lower than those in 1999. This decrease was mostly attributed to the decrease in the contribution of automobiles. Thus, changes of atmospheric concentrations of Pc, PAHs and NPAHs in Kanazawa were strongly affected not only by the local emissions but also long-range transport from China.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in post-fire soils of drained peatlands in western Meshchera (Moscow region, Russia)

Solid Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1305-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsibart ◽  
A. Gennadiev ◽  
T. Koshovskii ◽  
A. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Priority Pollutants ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
High Molecular Weight Pahs

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority pollutants that arrive in the environment from numerous anthropogenic and natural sources, but the data on their natural sources including wildfires remain insufficient. The level of contamination and the composition of PAHs in soils of the areas affected by wildfires were studied in this work. The study was conducted in the Moscow region (Russia) in areas occupied by drained peatland and strongly damaged by fires in 2002, 2010 and 2012. The features of PAH accumulation and the profile distributions in histosols and histic podzols after the fires of different times were analyzed. It was shown that new soil horizons formed after the fires – Cpir, Hpir and incipient O horizons – and that these horizons differ in PAH accumulation rate. Maximal total concentrations of 14 PAHs were detected in charred peat horizons Hpir (up to 330 ng g−1) and in post-fire incipient O horizons (up to 180 ng g−1), but the high-molecular-weight PAHs (benz(ghi)perylene, benz(a)pyrene, benz(k)fluoranthene) were revealed only in charry peat horizons. The trends of higher PAH concentrations were found in cases when smoldering combustion resulted in rather thick residual peat horizons. In cases of almost complete pyrogenic destruction of He horizons, total PAH concentrations were no more than 50 ng g−1. Also, PAH accumulation in upper horizons of soils near the sites of the latest fires was observed.

scholarly journals Background levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and legacy organochlorine pesticides in wheat sampled in 2017 and 2018 in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Łukasz Roszko ◽  
Karolina Juszczyk ◽  
Magdalena Szczepańska ◽  
Olga Świder ◽  
Krystyna Szymczyk
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

AbstractBoth polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and legacy organochlorine insecticides (OCPs), including DDT, are dangerous chemical contaminants. The aims of this study were to (i) determine background levels of PAHs and legacy OCPs for wheat samples collected in 2017 and 2018 in Poland, (ii) identify differences between levels in wheat harvested in various regions of Poland, (iii) evaluate differences in contamination sources manifested by the profiles of the identified chemicals, (iv) identify possible correlations between different classes of chemicals present in wheat, and (v) assess the health risks associated with the presence of PAHs and OCPs in Polish wheat. Average concentrations found in the samples were 0.09 ± 0.03 μg kg−1 for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (formerly used as a single PAH marker), 0.43 ± 0.16 for the more recently introduced collective PAH 4 marker (benzo[a]anthracene + benzo[a]pyrene + chrysene + benzo[b]fluoranthene), and 1.07 ± 0.68 μg kg−1 for DDT and its metabolites. The PAH profiles indicated contamination from combustion-related emission sources (liquid fossil fuels, coal, biomass). Health risks associated with the presence of PAHs and OCPs in cereals were assessed using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The MOE values calculated based on the highest concentrations found in this study exceeded 50,000 for both BaP and PAH 4. The calculated worst-case scenario value for DDT and metabolites was as low as 0.3% of the respective tolerable daily intake (TDI) value. Assessment of dietary risk has shown that the presence of the two contaminant classes in Polish wheat grains is of low concern.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Breast Cancer: A Review of the Literature

Breast Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Korsh ◽  
Allison Shen ◽  
Kristen Aliano ◽  
Thomas Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exist and persist in the atmosphere due to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, and are established human carcinogens. The influence of PAHs on the development of breast cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, remains unclear. As established risk factors only account for approximately 41% of the breast cancer cases in the USA, researchers have sought to uncover environmental factors involved in breast cancer development. The breasts are particularly susceptible to aromatic carcinogenesis, and the implementation of biomarkers has provided promising insights regarding PAH-DNA adducts in breast cancer. The use of biomarkers measuring PAH-DNA adducts assesses exposure to eliminate the bias inherent in self-reporting measures in case-control studies investigating the link between PAHs and cancer. Adduct levels reflect exposure dose as well as how the body responds to this exposure, which is partially attributable to genetic variability. Evidence suggests that exposure to PAHs has a causational effect on breast cancer in humans, yet this interaction is not clearly understood. In vitro and animal-based studies have consistently revealed that exposure to PAHs deleteriously affects breast tissue, but there is no definitive link between these compounds and breast cancer.

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