Impact of smoking on respiratory illness—related outpatient visits among 50- to 75-year-olds in the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn H. Hoffman ◽  
David R. Strutton ◽  
Paul E. Stang ◽  
Susan L. Hogue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outpatient Visits

scholarly journals Influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization in the United States, 2019-2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W Tenforde ◽  
H Keipp Talbot ◽  
Christopher H Trabue ◽  
Manjusha Gaglani ◽  
Tresa M McNeal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Hospital Resources ◽  
Negative Controls

Abstract Background Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality and stresses hospital resources during periods of increased circulation. We evaluated the effectiveness of the 2019-2020 influenza vaccine against influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States. Methods We included adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 14 hospitals and tested for influenza viruses by reserve transcription polymerase chain reaction. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in test-positive influenza cases versus test-negative controls, adjusting for confounders. VE was stratified by age and major circulating influenza types along with A(H1N1)pdm09 genetic subgroups. Results 3116 participants were included, including 18% (553) influenza-positive cases. Median age was 63 years. Sixty-seven percent (2079) received vaccination. Overall adjusted VE against influenza viruses was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27-52). VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was 40% (95% CI: 24-53) and 33% against B viruses (95% CI: 0-56). Of the two major A(H1N1)pdm09 subgroups (representing 90% of sequenced H1N1 viruses), VE against one group (5A+187A,189E) was 59% (95% CI: 34-75) whereas no significant VE was observed against the other group (5A+156K) [-1%, 95% CI: -61-37]. Conclusions In a primarily older population, influenza vaccination was associated with a 41% reduction in risk of hospitalized influenza illness.

TIME-MOTION STUDY OF PRACTICING PEDIATRICIANS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham B. Bergman ◽  
Steven W. Dassel ◽  
Ralph J. Wedgwood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Child Health Care ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Paper Work

Four practicing pediatricians were followed by an observer with a stopwatch for a total of 18 days to gain a profile of how their working days were spent. An average of 48% of the day was spent with patients, 12.5% on the phone, and 9% on paper work. Fifty per cent of patient time was spent with well children, and 22% on children with minor respiratory illness. Intellectual understimulation seemed to arise from spending the majority of time with children who did not require their special talents. In view of the alarming decline in ratio of physicians to child population, pediatricians are urged to play a decisive role in formulating the alternative patterns of child health care that must inevitably develop in the United States.

scholarly journals Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Report of the First Canadian Paediatric Case

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonita E Lee ◽  
Ari R Joffe ◽  
Wendy Vaudry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Paediatric Case ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness ◽  
Syndrome Report

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was first recognized as a severe respiratory illness transmitted through rodent excreta in the southwestern United States in 1993. As of November 1997, 175 cases have been reported in the United States. The mortality rate of this disease has been reported to be as high as 52% in the United States, and the majority of the cases (94%) involved adults. Twenty-one cases have been recognized in Canada. This paper describes the first Canadian paediatric case and discusses some of the clinical features of this disease.

Weekend Emergency and Outpatient Visits for Atopic Dermatitis in the United States

Dermatitis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. e57-e58
Author(s):  
Partik Singh ◽  
Ziyou Ren ◽  
Jonathan I. Silverberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outpatient Visits

Unnecessary antibiotic prescribing in pediatric ambulatory care visits for bronchitis and bronchiolitis in the United States, 2006–2015

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Snyder ◽  
Laura M. King ◽  
Adam L. Hersh ◽  
Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Antibiotics are not indicated for the treatment of bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Using a nationally representative database from 2006–2015, we found that antibiotics were prescribed in 58% of outpatient visits for bronchitis and bronchiolitis in children, serving as a possible baseline for the expanded HEDIS 2020 measure regarding antibiotic prescribing for bronchitis.

scholarly journals Identification and Epidemiology of Severe Respiratory Disease due to Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in Alberta

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. e151-e157
Author(s):  
George Zahariadis ◽  
Ari R Joffe ◽  
James Talbot ◽  
Albert deVilliers ◽  
Patricia Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Infection

BACKGROUND: In March 2009, global surveillance started detecting cases of influenza-like illness in Mexico. By mid-April 2009, two pediatric patients were identified in the United States who were confirmed to be infected by a novel influenza A (H1N1) strain. The present article describes the first identified severe respiratory infection and the first death associated with pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) in Canada.METHODS: Enhanced public health and laboratory surveillance for pH1N1 was implemented throughout Alberta on April 24, 2009. Respiratory specimens from all patients with a respiratory illness and travel history or those presenting with a severe respiratory infection requiring hospitalization underwent screening for respiratory viruses using molecular methods. For the first severe case identified and the first death due to pH1N1, histocompatibility leukocyte antigens were compared by molecular methods.RESULTS: The first death (a 39-year-old woman) occurred on April 28, 2009, and on May 1, 2009, a 10-year-old child presented with severe respiratory distress due to pH1N1. Both patients had no travel or contact with anyone who had travelled to Mexico; the cases were not linked. Histocompatibility antigen comparison of both patients did not identify any notable similarity. pH1N1 strains identified in Alberta did not differ from the Mexican strain.CONCLUSION: Rapid transmission of pH1N1 continued to occur in Alberta following the first death and the first severe respiratory infection in Canada, which were identified without any apparent connection to Mexico or the United States. Contact tracing follow-up suggested that oseltamivir may have prevented ongoing transmission of pH1N1.

scholarly journals Avian Pneumovirus (APV) RNA from Wild and Sentinel Birds in the United States Has Genetic Homology with RNA from APV Isolates from Domestic Turkeys

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 4282-4284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jin Shin ◽  
M. Kariuki Njenga ◽  
Brian McComb ◽  
David A. Halvorson ◽  
Kakambi V. Nagaraja
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Acid Identity ◽  
Genetic Homology ◽  
Avian Pneumovirus

Nasal turbinates or swabs were collected from wild ducks, geese, owls, sparrows, swallows, and starlings and from sentinel ducks placed next to turkey farms experiencing avian pneumovirus (APV) infections and were analyzed for APV genome and infectious particles. APV RNA was detected in samples examined from geese, sparrows, and starlings. APV RNA and antibodies were also detected in two different groups of sentinel ducks. Infectious APV was recovered from sentinel duck samples. The APV M gene isolated from the wild birds had over 96% predicted amino acid identity with APV/Minnesota 2A, which was isolated earlier from domestic turkeys showing respiratory illness, suggesting that wild birds may be involved in spreading APV infection.

scholarly journals Relative and Absolute Effectiveness of High-Dose and Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccine Against Influenza-Related Hospitalization Among Older Adults—United States, 2015–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D Doyle ◽  
Lauren Beacham ◽  
Emily T Martin ◽  
H Keipp Talbot ◽  
Arnold Monto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Confounding Variables

Abstract Background Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality in older adults. High-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV), with increased antigen content compared to standard-dose influenza vaccines (SD-IIV), is licensed for use in people aged ≥65 years. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of HD-IIV and SD-IIV for prevention of influenza-associated hospitalizations. Methods Hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness were enrolled in an observational vaccine effectiveness study at 8 hospitals in the United States Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 influenza seasons. Enrolled patients were tested for influenza, and receipt of influenza vaccine by type was recorded. Effectiveness of SD-IIV and HD-IIV was estimated using a test-negative design (comparing odds of influenza among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients). Relative effectiveness of SD-IIV and HD-IIV was estimated using logistic regression. Results Among 1487 enrolled patients aged ≥65 years, 1107 (74%) were vaccinated; 622 (56%) received HD-IIV, and 485 (44%) received SD-IIV. Overall, 277 (19%) tested positive for influenza, including 98 (16%) who received HD-IIV, 87 (18%) who received SD-IIV, and 92 (24%) who were unvaccinated. After adjusting for confounding variables, effectiveness of SD-IIV was 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] −42%, 38%) and that of HD-IIV was 32% (95% CI −3%, 54%), for a relative effectiveness of HD-IIV versus SD-IIV of 27% (95% CI −1%, 48%). Conclusions During 2 US influenza seasons, vaccine effectiveness was low to moderate for prevention of influenza hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years. High-dose vaccine offered greater effectiveness. None of these findings were statistically significant.

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